next
American shipyards for the United
Edge is made ambassador to France,
victs and the fire they started.
NEWS REVIEW OF
CURRENT EVENTS
Farmers of United States at
Last Get Together for
Mutual Benefit.
By EDWARD W., PICKARD
OR the first time in history the
farmers of all sections of the
United States are getting together to
work for their mutual benefit, Wheat
growers, corn growers, cotton plant-
ers and live stock raisers, numbering
more than two millions, decided at
the meeting of the American Institute
of Co-operatives In Baton Rouge to
create a national chamber of agri-
cultural co-operatives with headquar-
ters in Washington. This organization,
which Is expected to be the strongest
of its kind in the world, will be ready
to function almost Immediately and
its officers will represent the nation’s
farmers before
tees and in all
public matters,
This action follows
formation of a committee ©
of farmer co-operative groups for the
purpose of organizing the producer-
owned $20,000,000 grain marketing cor-
poration proposed by the new federal
farm board. The members of this
committee are now conferring with
thelr respective groups and conduct-
ing a drive for membership. They
meet again in Chicago August 20 and
soon thereafter will be in Washington
preparing for incorporation of the big
concern. William H. Settle, head of
the Indiana Farm Bureau federation,
is chairman of the committee. He was
prominent in the “farmers’ revolt” at
the Republican national convention
last summer. The new corporation
was officially named the Farmers’ Na-
tional Grain corporation.
To the meeting in Baton Rouge,
Chairman Legge of the federal farm
board set forth his views of the prob-
lem of rehabilitating American agril-
culture, and his outline of the board's
program was approved by the other
members, Mr. Legge made it plain
that the only farmers’ organizations
which will receive financial help from
the board are those that are efficiently
organized and properly administered
within the provisions of the law. The
kind of co-operative organization he
has In mind is one that will exert a
real influence as a stabilizing agency
in the marketing of the products of
the more than 6,000,000 farms, an or-
ganization that will exert, 2s he put
it, “at least a measurable degree of
control” over the flow of those prod.
ucts to the markets and an agency
virtually In control of the condition
under which the products of Ameri-
can farmers are sold. The board, he
emphasized, never will buy or sell
any commodity,
President Hoover
membership of the farm board by
naming Samuel R, McKelvie, former
governor of Nebraska, to represent the
wheat growers, Mr. McKelvie accepted
the appointment with the understand
ing that he may withdraw at the end
of one year. He is the owner of the
Nebraska Farmer and was indorsed
by a large number of farm organiza-
tions, and Mr. Hoover chose him for
the place after the different wheat
groups were unable to unite upon a
recommendation,
commit-
ways act for them In
on oreasionn
congressional
the
f leaders
closely on
completed the
——
OHN W. GARRETT of Baltimore,
banker and former diplomat, has
been appointed American ambassador
to Italy to succeed Henry P. Fletcher
who is retiring from the service and
will leave Rome very soon. Mr, Gar-
rett has had nearly twenty years of
service in the diplomatic corps and
other foreign service. Ie was first
secretary of the American embassy at
Rome from 1908 to 1911 and also has
served as minister to the Netherlands,
Venezuela and the Argentine and was
secretary general of the Washington
arms conference,
RESIDENT HOOVER'S decision to
suspend work on the three cruls-
ers that were to be lald down In navy
yards next autumn aroused a lot of
adverse criticism as well as praise.
One of those who expressed his dis
approval was Paul V. McNutt, na-
tional commander of the American Le
In a reply to Mr. McNutt the
President says he on the
agreement between ited States
and Great Bri
equality In
navies, He
as “the first step of the renewed con-
sideration of reduction of the
sive world naval armament™ and holds
it to be “a forward step of the first
importance,” reiterating his
that defense is all that the
States Is seeking.
gion,
is relying
the Un
ain looking to complete
the strength of thelr
describes the agreement
exXCes-
posi tion
United
RASTIC economies In the Ameri.
can military establishment are
contemplated by President Hoover,
and he has ordered a general staff
survey of army expenditures, He ex-
pects a report with recommendations
in time for the submission of an econ
omy budget at the next
gion of
y
militar
sempilar
regular
£ 808.
the
the
were
Congress, ranches of
establishment, especi:
and the artillery,
alarmed and at began marshal-
ing arguments in their behalf. Out-
opinion was that
the President's move was a threat es.
pecially against the many “political”
posts that are of no military value
and are maintained at expense
through the influence of
the
coast
once
army the
side the
great
congressmen
districts or
states in which they are located.
an politicians of
Senator Bingham of Connecticut
said: “At least 00 of the garrisons
which the taxpayers are now called
upon to maintain are not needed for
national defense and have no military
value. The army is considering the
establishment of three large divisions
East, South and Far West-—and the
limitation of army posts to a few, well
planned and chosen because of the
proximity to divisional headquarters
as well as their availability for train.
ing large units of the service together,
would be not only economy but sound
military practice.
“Of course the Infantry school at
Fort Benning, Ga., the general service
schools at Fort Leavenworth and sim-
{lar projects should be maintained, but
there are forts and posts all over the
country that should be abandoned, the
property on they are located
should be sold, and the proceeds ap-
piled elsewhere in the service”
which
OSS of the Lamport and Holt liner
Vestris with 112 lives last No-
vember off the American coast was
due in part to overloading, according
to the findings of the British board of
trade which conducted a long and
thorough inquiry. Other contributory
causes were the “tender” condition of
the ship; her Insufficient margin of
stability and reserve of buoyancy; the
heavy weather encountered, and wa-
ter finding its way into the lower
bunkers. Some of the company's
agents in New York and several of
the ship's officers came in for varying
degrees of blame.
EPRESENTATIVES of Soviet Rus-
sia and China began negotiations
for settlement of the Manchurian
quarrel, meeting on a train placed on
the border line near Manchoull, The
Chinese emisgaries were sald to have
indicated a willingness to restore the
Chinese Eastern railway to its “status
quo ante” provided that Russia fur.
nishes guarantees to refrain from
Communist propaganda in Manchuria.
Continued unrest along the Man-
churian border, blamed largely on the
“White” Russians, led the Soviet gov
ernment to order out all the Siberian
reserves up to the age of twenty-seven
years. They were assembled at Khav-
araovsk, Vladivostok and Chita.
ALF a million cotton mill workers
of England went on strike rather
than accept a 12% per cent reduction
of wages proposed by the employers,
Consequently practically all the mills
of the Lancashire region were closed,
to the consternation of the nation.
The operators refused to yield and the
weavers and spinners would not listen
to talk of negotiations, so it seemed
the dispute was likely to be long
drawn out, The minister of labor,
who is Miss Margaret Bondfield, says
there is no action her department can
helpfully take at present,
HILE and Peru have signed a pro-
tocol complementary to the gen.
eral treaty concerning Tacha and Ari
ea. It
part of
general treaty sha be
third power, whic
end to Bolivia's strong hopes of galn-
no
the
ceded to a
seems to put
states emphatically that
the territo covered in
an
ing an outlet to the Paclfic ocean.
UDDEN
two sect
Communist wuoprisings In
ions of Colombia were put
down after bloody battles with the sol.
The casualties were
at least a dozen killed and many hurt.
Thursday, August 1, was named “anti-
imperialism day” by the Communists,
and they demonstrations In
many of the large citles of Europe,
though thelr activities
by authorities’ ev
in the
diers and police.
made
were curbed
the erywhere except
Soviet republics,
ALE JACKSON
O'Brine, flying
ertson
ahove
Forest
s- Roh.
vais Robin
tablished a
may
ined
and
and not be
cause they or their engine was worn
out, but
of a friend, an
killed in a crash.
tacts with another plane
were for and
25,200 miles, or abou
around the world at
The two pllots earned more
than $42,500 by their exploit. The flight
was especially a triumph for the mo
tor, a six.cylinder air-cooled radial
type engine designed by Arthur Nutt
After being feted In St. Louis, Jack
son and O'Brine started on a tour of
the country In thelr record-breaking
plane, foilowing about the same route
taken by Col. Charles A. Lindbergh
two years ago.
An endurance flight started at Min
neapolis ended In the crashing of the
plane and the death of the pllots
Owen Haughland and Capt. Preston
L. Crichton. They had been up 154
hours. Lieut, Harold Bromley, Intend.
ing a nonstop flight from Tacoma,
Wash, to Tokyo, came to grief as his
monoplane slid down the runway and
turned over on its right wing and was
smashed. He promised to make an
other start as soon as he could pet
another plane, Roger Q. Williams and
Lewis Yancey, the New York-to-Rome
flyers, after being entertained in New
York, flew to Chicago, Yances's home
city, where they were given a’ great
reception and banquet under the aus
pices of the Chicago Press club,
and
the Curt
monoplane St. L
St. Loud
for
stand
anaq I
record
in the
30 seconds,
anded
in order to at
refueling,
proximately
distance
equator,
EVENTEEN hundred convietz io
Auburn prison, New York state
made a desperate attempt to gain
their freedom, battling the guards and
police for five hours and burning down
some of the prison bulldings, They
seized the arsenal and armed them:
selves with rifles, pistels and four ma-
chine guns, and the ensuing fight was
sanguinary. Two convicts were killed
and four guards were wounded. Four
of the prisoners made thelr escape in
the confusion. This affair,
of the Inmates of Clinton prison, Dan-
nemora, aroused the state anthorities,
and Governor Roosevelt called for a
thorough investigation. The New York
state prisons are admittedly greatly
overcrowded, and more outbreaks are
fearc lL
M POINCARE, who
ivi. premier of France immediately
after the parliament had ratified the
war debt settlements with the United
States and Great Britain, has been
succeeded by Aristide Briand, who ree
tains his portfolio of foreign minister,
and who has made almost no changes
in the cabinet. Briand's first task wag
to obtain a vote of confidence for the
government's negotiations at the Inter
national conference to put In opera.
tion the Young reparations plan,
which meeting was scheduled for Au-
gust 6 In The Hague. The vote was
given Briand by a big majority, It
was announced in London that Prime
Minister MacDonald would not attend
the conference and that Great Britain
would be represented by Foreign Min.
Ister Henderson, Chancellor of the
Exchequer Snowden and Willlam Gra.
ham, president of the board of trade.
MacDonald and hig government have
declared thelr opposition to the Young
plan as it now stands, feeling that it
Involves too much sacrifice of British
interests for the benefit of France
—
Silo Profit Is
in the Feeding
Dairy Farms and Live Stock
Feeders Declare Silage
Is Essential.
The proof of the silo profit Is In the
hos
If the
stock
the
of si-
was
ns It
one
Wisconsin
this,
live
feeding.
economy of
proved
value
Inge In the ration
known all over this lund as
Is In this state, where there is
silo to every 30 head of cattle, there
2.000000 silos bollt in
the next three years, All
evidence ig In favor of feed
4
bringing, HHk-making and
well
woul! Le
America In
the this
as a profit
beef-building ration,
Corn sila can be grown
nnd put
into the si ’ gs than £6 a ton.
is Ig crediting the
U4 cents a
low as £0 a
about
bushel,
Value of Silage.
»
+
Not
i by the United Biates
of Agr
facts of int life
Department
fore y
jentists would like
nplete information deals
lationship of plants with
Ar
States Depart-
orafting
grafting
ment of emarked
tanical
tionship
the same species”
expected to unite;
varieties of E:
on Frenne
3 jropean
pear will grow !
(ten
of app
other. On the other
not unite
piaced by mony botanists in
us Prunus, In many cases,
related may be
grow, as hawthorn
upon apple and firethorn upon moun-
tain ash. The citrus fruits are related
closely that it is by no
means gee na single
stock, which has been grafted, pro-
different fruits on different
lemons on one, oranges fnn-
perhaps and
tangerines as well.”
Fall Plowing Will Make
Enlarged Crop of Oats
land
larger crop
with peach,
distantly
more
] and will
enough so
uncommon to
ducing
limbs, on
other, and grapefruit
On
make a
average onts will usually
when the ground
allow in the fall. One is
usually less likely to get a
is plowed &
tN
ons
of clover when it Ig sown In
fall or spring plowed ground
when
onts,
it into a firm seedbed, than
land was only disked for
The surface of the plowed ground will
deeper than on disked land
get
out
germinating on plowed ground as on
disked ground. A good rolling will
overcome this tendency to a large ex-
tent however,
Plant Food Will Make
Crops More Pleasing
On solis that are full of plant food,
the crops will grow quickly and more
succulent, The individual plants will
grow larger and freer from fiber and
thus be much more desirable for table
use. This applies more particularly
to salad crops like cabbage, celery,
spinach, ete. The very best kind of
root crops will be produced on such
scils. The radishes thus grown will
be less peppery and free from fiber
the kind that fairly snap when you
bite one of them, Deets und car
rots, too, will be tender because they
have made a quick growth,
Ric oem em—————————
LAXITY BLAMED
FOR RACE DEATHS
Due to Hole in Wooden
Bowl at Altoona.
Criti
ism of the
ite authorities should pu
racetrack killin
Vice President Mayer told the execu:
tive board of the association,
adoption of a resolution deg
gancrifice of life and placing the blame
tion having
primarily on the organiza having
ization. whose
and
auto.
auto Rar
function is public safety
which undertakes to sponsor
mobile races” said Mayer,
cape re.ponsibility for the tragic con-
Ag Te.
“Any
ma jor
“cannot es-
sequences of Inexpert driving
gards personnel, or the physical condi.
tion of tracks the races
are run.
“Automobile
over which
racing is sufficiently
hazardous without track
conditions, and we believe public opin-
fon will no longer tolerate contests
under such conditions, no matter an-
der whose auspices. nnd sanction the
races are run.
“Automobile racing, under the pres
ent system, is conducted primarily for
profit and serves no ureful purpose,
“In the early years of the automo
bile, races were of value in the devel.
opment of automotite science and
mechanism, At the present time, how.
ever, each automobile manufacturer
makes his own tests on his own prov-
tng ground. Furthermore, the devel.
opment of an automobile that il
travel 200 miles an hour is of no prac.
tical value to automotive science for
such speed would always be a menace
on the public highway.”
imperfect
AUTOMOBILE HINTS
Wash the wheels last when cleaning
the car,
* » -
A thin coating of grease is best to
seal a cylinder head gasket,
- » -
with
con.
familiarity
fast breeds
And In particular,
the sense of going
tempt of chances,
- . *
Western judge rules that pedes.
trinng have the right of way, 80 now
they can go ahead and run over the
automobiles,
» » -
Auto trucks compete with camels on
the new highways of Persia. Rates by
camel are lower, but trucks are so
at higher rates,
.
If you are half way past the left
hand road into which you intended
turning, better pull over to the right,
and slow down and back up instead
of suddenly swinging around.
. 0»
A bill before the legislature of South
Carolina would provide that the pen-
alty for automobile thieves be not a
fine but sentences ranging from five
years in prison for the first Offense to
life for the fourth offense,
New Arrangement Makes
Automobile Starting Easy
Easy starting for the gutomot
1 @
Easy starting is insured by connect.
ing a stop light switch with the choke
spark coil is shortcircuited when the
choke is out, giving a strong, hot
spark,
" py ¥ "my ter
is not running.
light switch
)
he plunger of
when the The
motor
idea Is to connect
as shown so that
the switch is pulled out the resistance
ung-
er of the stop light switch is connect-
ed by means of a piece of wire and
i choke rode, so that
ut the choke the re-
be short-circuited
amount of
the spark
a fine spark even with
itor drawing a large
amount of current from the battery.
Pushing In the choke rod again after
the motor starts restores the circuit
to normal running condition. —Popular
Science Monthly.
to the
1
large
iarge
» br
hrough
MOTOR QUIZ
How Many Can You Answer?
o :
5
DULVLVDVVLVVV VV TV LUV DVO DVTD
Q.-—~How tight should the fan belt
be kept, and why?
Ans. Just tight enough to prevent
slipping. Putting the belt under too
great tension shortens its life and may
cause it to break.
Q.—~What was the total amount of
tax collected in the United
States during 1928, and how many gal-
of gasoline were consumed?
Ans More than $305,2323,000,
178.344.7000 gallons of gasoline,
Q.—How often should breaker points
and spark plug gaps be checked? Does
it take long for such an inspection?
Ans Every one thousand miles.
This is very simple and requires but
a few minutes. Breaker points should
be filed square and clean and gapped
according to recommendations in in-
struction manual. Plug gaps should
also be adjusted according to recom-
gasoline
longs
10,-
Fatalities Per Car Is
Declining Materially
Pointing out that the number of
motor fatalities per 100,000 registra.
tion in the United States has de.
clined materially in the past ten years,
Harry R. Cobleigh of the National
Automobile Chamber of Commerce ad-
vanced the view that the modern moe
tor car was bullt with maximum safe
ty, speaking before the traffic safety
Instruction course of the Newark
safety council, recently.
While competence of the driver is
always an essential, the speaker no
ted four-wheel brakes, more respons.
ive motors and balloon tires as among
the features of modern automobile
construction which make for safety,