TIME NE ERLD IN THINKING. Bclentists A re Now w lxperimenting on This Xkmnteresting Subject. Experiments regarding the time need- ed by the =a verag wa to think are gow engaging the attention of sclen- tists, Just how long does it take a man to think was the tople discussed by Professor Richet at a recent meet. ing of the ESritish assoc futon, He gave the results of his {nvestigations on the subject and made some Interesting re- marks upon them, Among other things he found that aman could think of the notes of the musical scale at the rate of eleven to the second. The experi- ment was pe wrformed by running the notes for OXxe Or more octaves and then dividing the total time by the total pumber of motes There are various ways of arri ving at conclusions as tothe amount of time pecessary For realls lug any physical sensation or mental impression, If the skin be towmzehed repeatedly with light blows frorm =a small lammer & person may, according to Professor Richet, dis- tinguish the fact that the blows are separate and not continuous pressure when they follow one another as fre- quently as 3,000 a se weond. The smallest Intervals of sound can distinguished with one + both, Thus the separate- licks of a revolving tooth- write be much t ear than the r with bot Ness of ed wheel when the: iid second, using both pot distingzuis red often wm was noted by one observer not exceed sixty t the ears when they O could oocun hie 3 them y fifteen times a second, und of spark yn coil was distinguished n the rate he sharp the electric of an Indu with high as 4 to much tinguishing white and will appear gr exceed tw it has 1 far "3 that it faster tha: only coun ty to the of them. one whe the second. keen than hearing differences, If a disk black be revolve lou Ie|= a all four per second. found that we can ily than we can ¢ wement hear SO , mo Halt " in clicking me the second we an leks, while with tween 1 we can only count two ie and want of nervous 1 offer Ki ot ir length TT ked « n lengthen me that we can l rent imprassio tir rule bh Aleohe in makin not able 1 3 inguish such n tervals without 3 8, ted, rime? cen diff 1 night be ¢ X pec nl f Tt ghjeet of © » 0ject A the same naking that he ak "tr etter t b ATCH, SUN GLOE BE SIGHTS. When there Is hymns the fur cases Nearl; great < gi makes pofot f ne Gus shin ar Every Come «is his sere I» his i People they kn was re heard about his freight cn es sit Thess He Dought the R Fred Sup my wife, Anna—€F Tess, Fred—O x. I haven't What wowmld it—er-crrhyme with? Anpf——4€ 3 EI€SS, REG A INL HEALTH. Gratify*rer Letters to Mrs. Pink- haoa From Happy Women. ing. pose | should ask yo ws=-Hat would You say ? 3 the least ide a. #= X Owe You My Life,” Mrs E. SWooLnnsnp, Mills, Neb, writes “Dear Maa Prciav~I owe my iife to yom r Vegetable Compound. Tha doctors ssid 1 had consumption and nothing eowuld be done for me My menstruation had stopped and they said my Blood was inning to water. 1 kad several do They all said I eonld not 1: began the use of Lydia ive. | E. Vegetable Cor herd Pinkham’ end it helped mo right away; menses returned snd 1 have puined in weight 1 have bet ter hoalththanl have had § yours, It 3s wonderful what your Come pound has done for me.” spond, - OF “=X ¥F eel Like a New Person.™ Mrs Geo. IL.mach, 1609 T3clle St, Alton, IIL, writes: “ Before I began to take your Vege- table Cormypround | was a great sufferer from woszs Bs trouble. Menses would ap- pear twos znd three times | in 8 month, causings Tree to be so weak I eoizld not stand. ¥ewruldneithersleepnor ent. and looked so badly my friends hardly knew me * I tools doctor's medicine but did not derive maoch benefit from it. My « cist gave me one of your little Looks, snd after reading it | decided to try . Pinkham'’s Vepotable Come pound. X feel lilca new person. I would not grive your Compound for all the doctors” medicie in the world. I san pot peaise iter ugh” et drug. ———— A A A S———R——— FARM AND GARDEN NOTES. ITEMS OF INTEREST ON AGRICULTURAL TOPICS. Poultry—~Lily of the Coming in VYougue Crushed Shells far ValleyThe Daklia Again--Etc., Etc. SHELLS JRUSHED FOR POULTRY. The avidity with vill eat crushed shells shows how nec- weary they are ‘or egg production. ter way to supply gg shells than this, The shells he gizzard act as grit, enabling it to iigest food. The only care in feeding 8 to crush the shell thoroughly, ‘hat its likeness to the egg may not yo geen. Where egg shells are thrown yut without being crushed, the fowls soon learn the haoit of picking at the shells on eggs, and from this they quickly become egg eaters, a habit which, when once formed, is never for- | gotten, ‘here is no {ime required 859 THE VALLEY. of the as may be plant thin any g long better (0 LILY OF When the lily have roots, posed In the hrive, it to {f that does not ay trouble oots,; I bed with new, You must give and pretty we The ouble is oft valley seems lo weak supe COaNes fo out the 1 od, it won't over the start a case is best ed. do ¥ LOO old new A will be strong them i roots byt a rich but light soll, shaded tr en found with 84m jssus If planted toc ep, that sometimes Mining deep enough to wal Yorld. COMING AGAIN has THE DAHLIA IN VOGI The dahlia proved the truth of the old saying hat “all things coma around to h and wal fter years of negiect (his once popular has Laan eater mas lare Arwer IArger nowes 4 early ilure to sé We feet st a little th three eriap abs 15 fom the paces «1 a siigh for tim- or nde £11 Yop I will be American Cul HEDGES ED WIRE AND BARB- Jointed articles B. printed on ymething down, The fact and COn- the- in- involves The frequs hich are « this subject ie Banquo's teg an lilinois are q¥ - ein that ost; it will not #1 hac no si sl matter, con ition, § our fences the timbe ig we are with not a We must ha fences and the vestigation of question large investment. One Ohio a letter in your mend hedge issues of a letters are information on how to get rid of a hedge fence. 1 believe the hedge and barbed wire fences are the only which the people are rid of. The hedge requires so much la- ta keep in order, dies out, off the sheep, takes five grow {i and costs fall more than a good woven wire fence. Barbed wire, on account of its be- jig such a mearnd of torture and mu- tilation, #8 not to be taken into con- gideration. Any number of plain hor- {zontal wires that are stretched posts do not maxe a fence, unless they are tied together by cross wires or pickets close enocugk to prevent the wires being separated by stock. When wood slats or pickets are used, they cause the panels to sag, receive the! full impetus of the wind and cause gnow drifts. Does ft not seom that rzally the only practicable fence buy is a woven wire? Of course they cost considerable, but the sharp come petition among the manufacturers, brings the price down to the minimum, Six years ago I bought a lot ad- vertised in your columns and it has proved satisfactory. It looks as well the a also 11, "97, recor in a recent paper lve while farm ones year gieals wool years to Agriculturist, THE SUFFOLK BREED OF HOGS. We do not believe the Buffolk breed of hogs is a valuable one for this country, especially where the climate is cold in winter, or has scorching heat in summer, sayf the Boston Cultiva- tor. It is an Englsh breed, and was introduced into this country some 475 years ago, after Prince Albert had taken all the prizes with animals of this breed at English stock shows, It {8 a white-skinned breed wit. very lit. tle hair, and its thin skin turns red | when exposed to the sun. In the moist, gsunless climate of the south of Eng- land, wnere the winters are always warm, this is a good breed to grow. But breeds with more hair are better for this country. For a white hog the | small Yorksbire and the Chester whire are both preferable to the Suffolk, But for profitable hog growing either Es- gex for small or the Berkshires and Poland Chinas for large breeds are equally good to all who have no prej- udice as to color. Black hogs are gen- erally grown in the West, except they are superseded by the Jersey Red, {a large, coarse breed, with abundait | coating of hair, and waich stands sud- hanges of climate, from hot .o better than any other in breeding hogs the best grades are procured by using large, long-bodied of Chester White, Berkshire Poland China breeds and crossing them with the small Yorks on the wh or with Essex Db on the large breeds of black hogs ‘he vigor of constitution depends the Fineness depend thus as i den « cold, Or BOWS ars BOWS, most on and early ma- ot aam urity male pare of the progeny WORMS When a he will begin to IN HOGS, Bg le as the y dige ) disenss the ani- hind mal t part greases and at last to stand (Ye me grouna an only the parts the § Gitation ther ling ride ary still be more to say all means bLy the eggs and before it has Kidney.” The treatment wi “prevent t ting the JE rif 'y aystem an which produce it started on its way to the given is not a bad one for numerous cases fupposed be kidney and indeed can do no harm if it should prove to be no kid- ney worm.--N. J. Shepherd, in Field and Fireside to worm, Farm. SQUASH Mr. J. KM. GROWING Gregory, the well-known goed grower, says in the New York In- dependent that himse! and a neigh- bor were discussing the probable yiaid a field of squashes he proposes t5 plant this year. The neighbor thought he should have a half dozen good squashes as an average to each vine He figures that with fifteen cords of manure and night soll to the acre he could have his hills eight by nine apart, and leave three vines to a hill This would give a little over GOO hills, of 1.800 vines, and six squashes to the vine would be 10.800 squashes. Under such liberal manuring Hubbard squashes should average to weigh ten pounds each, which would be 54 tons per acre, or about four times as large a crop as he waa ever able to raise under the most favorable conditions. They were the acre was a good yield for Hubbard squashes, and ten tons an extra yield, of bing the soll of ita fertility, but shad. ing the ground to the injury of the squashes, There is also sometimes trouble when the squashes do not well cover the ground and interlace wiih one another, tha? they will be blown about by high winds, twisting the run- ners, after which the squashes upon them do not amount to much, He suggests as a remedy for this « cess of plants and yet fairly covering the ground, having the hills nine foot apart each way, and having but t plants to the hill, which will give about 1,100 plants to the acre, well distrib uted. Another plan to plant the seeds In drills eight feet apart and leave one plant to each five feet which would give the same 40 square feet to a plant, The writer has grown squashes this way, after a crop of peas, put ting the seed in five or s.x feet apart in every third row of p and field was well covered with vines, and the yleld a good one, though per acre is space, as mated as to rate Nature's Compass Sigoes, The many met} termine the « ith tr g mountains, in 0DOLAH different 1048 vhile ii ' x W poinis ardinal e heavy nt nd pon “all expanse ingly for al every mall bush, of a great marsh, Hmerous the featur fire exces n | pract day | vold of NOTES AND COMMENTS. New York the exclu- A special dispatch from says that the latest fad in give circles of Gotham soclety Is "getl- ting up family trees and tracing an- cestry back far as possible.” But in the opinion of 4he editorial punster of the Chicago Times-Herald, some of usive Gothamites to keep their family Hi those probably | will shady An exe prefer trecs Englishman named Jateman been collecting statistics of bill of various countries, re- reassuring fact that the has drink the wt of the i ’ of the CAV eh Ei the eye, untiess number nwers representing wild and h alee of form kingdom, guide for ge known in the furnishes a % locating ¢ cardinal points expecially the hide their like the sun- sky. as most wild flowers long-stemmed faces from the north, turn toward varieties and a southern Sudarese War Schemes, The Sudanese warriors are not out schemes, more or less effective, for killing their enemies. Their not of the latest pattern and cannot deal death with the accuracy and ra- pidity of the rifles carried by the Brit- ish soldiery, but they more than even matters of warfare by their subtle trickery. There ia a highway, over which it Known, ing ten pounds upon each vine would be about nine tons to the acre. Yet they had both known a half dozen or imore good squashes, averaging at least ten pounds each, to grow upon a singie to| vine, when it was isolated from the other vines. The conclusion was that they usually allowed too many vines to grow upon an acre to produce the largest possi- ble yields, But if the ground is not well covered with vines the weeds will goon grow up in the vacant spaces, and on each manuring grow so rank march toward the Sudanese strong- holds. When “Tommy Atkins” turned into this road he cursed iis roughness and prepared to be bored by a long and muddy tramp. Ten feat forward of the rround. The earth was alive the road became a hell of hot death and a dancing curtain i i : The British soldier had not counted on the ingeouity of native genius. Now York Journal. Three cannon, formerly part of the armament of the British ship Acteon, wrecked in Charleston harbor on June 28, 1776, have been mounted in a park Jours- well the ladies’ Home may 1meer @ Siberia as ar» to be The 80- {ties tA writer in nal that one women in in any European city. al forms that exist in the observed in BAYA 8 large « Siberia, and of full. i of a are ionable enjoy A Ed recently covered new gold the grant in people that vast vince life to the Thomas ison confirms tatement, printed, di a Process from mines New Mexice lieved companies EMM resent prospectors, increase connected 180 SO O00 D000 large rectly that in in search of gold in the yelic and in the same year one-fourth of that amount will be But the output arer the expense ag cach yea in a few yeu will w creek than pro- likely to not are duced. ia came goes ne by, and it.’ New els afoot in one more h nse supporting Harper's Weekly says. The tion known pany, York excin women to is or A plan for of seif- ia ag the Woman's Hotel Com- with a capital of cne million dollars. the corporation is {0 be form- ed when £50000 jg subscribed. Then land is to be bought, and a hotel built to hold about a thousand boarders Plans for such a hotel have been drawn, subject to change and subserip- tion papers circulated. People who know about the self-supporting women of New York say that such a hotel as is planned is urgently needed and would be sure of patronage. Varios: authorities submit that there are 2.000 wrt students in town every year, 209%) students of music, 2,000 trained nurses end medical students, and thousanda of journalists, stenographers, physi cians and other business and profes. sional women. It is estimated that ‘pere are 40,000 self-supporting womes A this city who could afford to live ¥ at such a , hotel as Is “planned. The minimum cost of board and lodging it would be $8 a week. It is comput that a hotel containing 825 rentable rooms (besides lodgings for its house staff) would pay, when full, gross income of $435,406. Its estimated ex- penses would be $253,055, which gives an apparent surplus of E182 400, a The sudden growth of sreat cities is the first result of the peenamenon of immigration which we ave {o noe, observes Prof. Ripley in the Popular Monthly. We think of this an essentially American problem. We comfort ourselves in our failures of municipal administration with that thought, This is a grievous deception. Most of the European cities have lo- creased in population more rapidly than those in America, Shaw has em- phasized the same fact in his brilliant { work on inunicipal government in Eu- This is p ly true of great German urban Berlin has outgrown metropolis, New York a generation, having Years added #8 many nts as Chicago, and phia Ham- many in Leip- same occurred in Belence ng | rope cular centers our own in less than fis in twenty of new reside as Philadel gained twice as 70 as Boston St. Louis fon since 1X | distanced The rap outhu 11. Co- (Clove although we four than Dus- ae Ph, fie ad ow y Mar crowd from | sight rkmen BMONE by the Kens, iamestic cece of neat ink as he the way, things roost nowhere never at- unter, or four morning undred a punted over h was their + will not get fight every own poultry yard out your way dog or cat that attempts to run in op- position, and scramble with a maa or a child who digputes with them for | a fallen scrap of meat. But they keep the Charleston markets clean, perfect- Ag a result of their thorough scavenger work this is the cleanest and healthiest meat market in the world. 1n consideration of their assistance In keeping the city clean the munici- pal council bas made it an offence to of will er not only has to pay a £10 fine, but usually gete a free jecture on the laws of health and the value of the bus- gards as ascisf@nt members of the lo- cal board of health, By an hour after sunrise the birds have all left the city. Yt is for this reason that the visitor to the city, who usually gets up after that hour, and strolls out later, never seas this extraordinary sight of wild birds acting as market scavengers. — Wash. ington Star. The highest pay given German rails way engineers is $1.25 a day, while the sonductors receive only $1. Many of them have to be on duty fifteen 5p eighteen hours a day. The three Europeans standing high- est in the Chinese customs service are Irishmen, a - eke a @
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers