THE COLUMBIAN. BLOOMSBUWl. PA !7K Al OI'F.HA IU11.T OX SMOKE. O: COM) HAXI) HAT I:KAL:T.3. HP If I IK Success of a Novel Experi ment in New England. O PFUR INDUCEMENTS Company Formed to Itrnt S!i-ci to Farmers May 15c a Solution of the Abandoned Fnrin l'roMor.i The Hrtipttic Worked In M;iss i liiisctt and Vermont. company formed to rent s'.iorp f .'.iriuero exUts In New Kngland. .. .;ugh farmers have rented sheep .hilr neighbors for Ages this Is 1 1 to be the first company ever i. ..'lulled for this purpose. A'jout 6,060 of its s!i"op were nib Ming brushy pustr.es lu 0114 season In Franklin county, the most sparsely settled part of of Massachusetts, and In southern Vermont. The cheap lands of the abandoned farm district and the Intimidation of the farmtr by the ascendant dog are big factors lu this enterprise. Up In hilly Hawley, where so:.ie of these flocks are located, a 100 acre pasture, with some good woodland, recently sold for $175. Huying land up there Is a very sporty preposition. Jn return for your $50 the seller may unload on your Innocent head 100 acres, Instead of the 50 you thought you were buying. The western Massachusetts hills are admirably uuapted for sheep and O Ki: fed flocks ten times as big as no. v. Mongrel dogs that will Kill a Bfore apiece of a night, together with the fall of wool twenty jeurs ago, put herders out of business. The country, mulcr Massachusetts law, Is supposed to pay for till sheep M1'"! or biUi'U by do;.-., i.nil l'r;:;ik liu county pays yearly thousands of dollars to furnish its pampered purps with this needed relaxation. Tim growers say, however, that they get little or no compensation for the in Jury done to flocks that are chased but not actually bitten. "Will you buy or lease?" asks tho company of each Inquirer for Bheep. The terms of the rental require the lessee to give the company half the Increase of lambs, and one-fourth the wool. "Five minutes bookkeeping," says the doubter, "ought to show the farmer that he would better buy. He can't give up less than the equivalent of $75 on the lease basis a flock of fifty. He could buy -ame flock for $4 00 and $20 iu- ut the farmer Is too cautious for Often he has no ready cash, particularly likes the lease basis, e the company assumes all risk . . --iii dogs. And so the company has leased about 6,200 sheep, has 700 011 Us ranches, and has sold only a hundred or two. As everything depends upon the care that leased sheep get, the com pany confronts at the start certain tplcal weaknesses of the Yankee farmer. For one thing, the patient study of scientific animal Industry lias Interested him less than tho more adventurous Joys of the trader Leased sheep are Inspected regularly by the manager and a certain stand ard of good care Is exacted. The land used by these sheep lessees la mostly In run down past ures that were growing up to brush. The great trouble with the hill town farmer has been the failure of hla crop of boys, lacking whom his profit Is eaten up by slow motioned Poles and Finns at $25 a month and found. Every year mowing machine, plough and cattle leave wider strips of goldenrod and briars, where an other summer the little birches gain foothold, and It all becomes wood land in a decade. The sheep are turned Into fields thus slipping back Into the wilderness and soon market them fertile again. The company's promoters think they have two advantages over the farmer. One is, It should be able to market ita product to better advan tage than the average farmer, the other, that Its sheep are high grade stock. Many inquiries from all over New England Indicate that sheep can be based for years, perhaps Indefinitely. But any given customer will become independent of the company In a few years through his share of the flock increase. The ranch system works very nicely with the lease plan. It is the purpose of the company to es tablish a ranch In the centre of any district where its sheep are largely leased. The professional shepherd in charge will then have general oversight over leased flocks In that district and give ' assistance as needed. Ranching on these old hills gains o greatly over old time farming largely by the small cost of labor, utensils and machinery. The danger from dogs Is still a condition and not theory. Seventy five company sheep were killed in one year. The farmer may consider that the assumption of the risk by the company distributes losses, and part of his return of lambs and wool is thus In the nature of insurance. Cold Meals and Alcohol, As if to compensate for the unin viting and Dosslblr. at the outset. depressing aspect of a cold meal, it Has neen Observed mat tne person to whom, for some special and, it may be, unfortunate curcumstance, a warm meal is the exception, com monly exhibits a desire to indulge in alcoholic stimulants. The Lancet ).car llnmmrrsteliri Di'enms lb-gun At a t'luiir Workers' J tench. When Mr. llatnniers-teln was asked whore he obtained the capital to build half a dozen theatres and a grand opera house he smiled and s;ii J : "I landed in America with just $2 in my pocket." "I wu3 u ruu .iwuy from home. My father wanted 1110 to be a man of learning, lie in sisted on cramming algebra and Latin and Greek and French into nit. I learned a lot of it, but I never liked it. "After landing, I went to a board ing house In Greenwich Street, New York City, and the first day found a German paper which contained an advertisement calling for boys to learn the clgarmaker's trade. It seemed only a chanco to make a liv ing then, and I had no real fancy for It and no idea of what It would mean. I went to a shop lu 1'eurl Street and they took me in and gave $2 a week and I lived on that, lived for a long time. 9 ? , Oscar Haninierstein. "But I learned tho trade and be came a clgarmaker and had my own bench, and made enough money Boon to be able to look around a bit. I was of a mechanical turn of mind and studious, and I wondered whether some of the work of cigar making could not bo done by ma chinery. "It took a long time to prove that a cigar could be made that way," he said. "It was 1870 when I made my first machine. "It was so funny, only It was very serious at the time. You see, I thought that tho fillers of the cigars could bo bunched by machinery, and I made a machine that would bunch them, and so simple that a girl could operate It. It looked good.. But when the machines were put in operation it was soon found that they made so much dust that the girls would soon choke, and they eould not Btay near them for half an hour. "One day I was down In my shop trying to find a way to suck out the air and still prevent tho wrapper tobacco from being taken up. I saw the lid of an old shoe-blacking box lying on the floor, and an idea suggested itself to me. I picked it up and punched holes In Its top with a nail. Then I fitted It on my suc tion machine over the tobacco and turned on the air. The wrapper to bacco flew up again and was held against that lid of a shoe-blacking box. I was discouraged, angry. Here was another defeat. "Then, as I was looking at that wrapper tobacco held against that perforated box another idea came to me. 'That idea revolutionized the making of cigars. From that time air has been used for the most deli cate work of clgarmaking. Up to that time it had been necessary to employ personB with only the most delicate touch to handle the wrap pers, and even the most careful of them wasted a lot of valuable to bacco, while the waste of time was enormous. "When I looked at the tobacco on that old blacking box lid," he said, "I saw a delicate leaf held tightly against it, and not only that, but held firmly and smoothly. 'Why Bhould a man have to Bmooth out the leaf and hold it while he cuts the wrapper If air will do that for him?' I asked myself. And so I made my first machine that used air suction in handling the leaf tobacco. "For a year nobody would touch It and I needed money very badly. Then a shrewd Yankee named Wil liams came over from Newark, and Baid he had heard about the ma chine. And he knew what there was to It, but he gave me only $6, 000 for It. He Is a millionaire many times over now, and all through ray invention. The American Tobacco Company alone paid $60,000 a year royalties on it while the patent was in effect. "But I still had my dreams," he said. "So I went on Inventing, and It was not long till I had made ray stripping machine. This was one of the best. I did not Bell that for a miserable $6,000. I got $200,000 for It. That made a great differ ence. "When I was without money eight years ago I Invented, and that Is how I got the money to buy prop erty and build theatres and build the opera house. And when I needed money for my opera I was able to sell rights in my latest invention $100,000 for the Porto Rlcan rlghU, $160,000 for the European rights, $200,000 for the Canadian right,' Again the enigmatic smile. A Trntlo Which Han Sprung Up In lieceiit Years in New York City. One of the most ancient of nil trades Is that in second hand clothe, mi there have been dealers In sec ond hand shoes; but comparatively new Is a business established in New York City about a dozen years ago by a man who deals In hats, only while, running Incidentally a hat cleaning establishment. He buys hla hats from wholesale dealers who get them podlers nnd old clothes collectors who bring their collections for sale to the sec ond hand clothes exchange. From the stocks of hats which the whole sale dealers in old clothes and ap parel thus gather the retail dealer In second hand hats selects Btich as will be suitable for his trade. These hats, which may some of them show but little wear, he cleans and presses and blocks if need be and generally puts in order. If a hat needs a new binding he puts that on or a new band; such a thing has been known as putting a sound crown of a hat with a broken rim Into the second rim of a hat that had a broken crown; but as a rule reno vation, with perhaps some minor re pairs, Is with the lints that the dealer buys all that is necessary. He gets some soft hats, but mostly derbies; and this stock, all put In order, he arranges In display on his shelves, with a little ticket showing Its size stuck in the band of each hat, shelf after shelf of hats of vari ous st) led and sizes, and thus dis played they make a goodly array. The dealer has sold as many ns four hats to one customer within a single week, the presumption being that at least three of these hud been lo:t oj- perhaps Irretrievably dam aged on occasions of more or less festivity, lint a man can afford to Io: e a hat occasionally when they co.-st but half a dollar nplece, which Is the uniform price of ull these hats, and for which, the dealer says, you can buy a hat better than uny new hat for a dollar, while it may have been originally a hat of fine quality. In fact, at this price the second hand hats commend themselves to many buyers; and the dealer has customers who come to him regu larly for their hats Just as they might conio to any hat store. Robert Hichens. author of the "Call of Blood" and "The Garden of Allah." It is pre dicted that he will be one of the foremost of American authors. Worn Away By Handling. The touch of thousands of human hands for more than a score of years every week-day in the year has worn away a portion of one of the exhibits of wood at the Smithsonian Institution. The exhibit in question Is a carreta or ox wagon, and stands in the east wing of the Institution. The part of the axle that has been worn away simply by the admiring touch of thousands of visitors pro trudes several feet and is easily reached. The wonderful smooth ness of the wood which has slowly but surely been worn away is the result. The old ox wagon is made entirely of cottonwood, and is without a single piece of metal. It was built by Pueblo Indians and is the style used in New Mexico and Arizona. The design Is that introduced in this country by the Spaniards many years ago. It is a clumsy affair, with two wheels that are fur from being round. For many generations, how ever, this sort of cart has answered the purpose of transportation for the Pueblo Indians as well as other tribes. The axle that has been worn away is directly under the sign giving an account of the origin and history of the ox wagon. While reading, nearly every sightseer rests his hand upon the wood, perhaps does a little knocking for good luck, and perchance picks a splinter. Anyway, the axle end has been worn away, and to-day is as smooth and as shiny as a billiard ball. Habits of the liee Martin. A remarkable bird found in Mex ico is the bee martin, which has a trick of ruffling up the feathers on the top of its head into the exact semblance of a beautiful flower, and when a bee comes along to sip honey from the supposed flower it is snap ned up by the bird. Telephones iu the Forest. The first forest reserve telephone put in by, the Federal Government will be a line of 109 miles, costing $5,000. in the Big Horn forest re serVo in Wyoming. This is to secure prompt aid in fighting Umber fires, !v & t J M. n;::A kailuoAD man. "Jt'an tin B liodnian Success i)u( to Hard Wotk. Another proof that this is a demo rntic country and that the lil'h-t jMlies lire open to the lium'.ilest If .hey have tho ability to rise to their Importunities, has been furnished by ho greatest railroad In the world, i.lilcli Is trying thn experiment 1 f what kind of a president a rodntan A 111 make. It Is not eo long upo, within tho memory of many officials of tho Pennsylvania Railroad, that James MeCren, w'ho has succeeded to the nantlo of A. J. Cussutt, was only plain "Jim McCrea, and figured on ;he salary liht of tho road as a rod 11r.it. Ho was a good rodmau, a hard tvorker. He Ins been tho same In ivory other position ho lias held in '.lie forty-one years he lias surwd .ho mad. The character of result achieved by the tall, muscular, silent, gruff 'ipokeii "Jim" made him a marked '..inn before ho had been a roclmau for two years. Then came promo tions, and four presidents of the 'o.i'l look a pleasure in aiding hia iV-v 2 sty -.) JnnicH Mcl'ren. mblMons. He vent up, up through the stages of engineer, superintend ent of various divisions, general manager of various ronda, fourth vice president, third vice president, second vico president and find vice president. His election to tho headship of the entire concern wns no surprise, for it had been known for a long time that he was President Cassatt's preference, and for a couple of yet.ra irior to his death, Mr. Cussutt had been grooming McCrea for the place. This wus not alone friendship on the part of the late president. He recognized in Mr. McCrea the one kind of man who never failed in uny task imposed on him by the road. Ho could carry along the hugo projects of Mr. Cassatt had planned; there need be no panic when Mr. Cassatt passed, provided the steady hand of "Jim" McCrea took the throttle. There is no particular romance iu the life story of this man, big meu tully and physically. His success has not proceeded from strokes of daring, or sudden inspirations. Hard, relentless work has been the only system he knew. The new head of the Pennsylvania was born in the home city of that or ganization, and is 68 years old His father was a physician, who drifted Into banking, and had "Jim" McCroa chosen to take tho easier wuys of life, he could have taken over the business of the father, and settled down to comfort and a reasonable assurance of plenty without having to work very hard to get it. Ambition was stronger in the youngster than love of ease, and after he gruduated from the the University of Pennsylvania at the close of the Civil War, he looked the field over, and resolved that the probable growth of the Pennsylvania Railroad, then only a strugglfng sug gestion of the mighty power, it has now become, made it a promising career for a young man with both ability and energy. He applied for a place. Nothing attractive opened, but, undaunted, young McCrea pressed so hard that they made him a rodmun. This was in 1865 Before two years passed he received his first promotion, and was made rodman and assistant en gineer on the Connellsville and Southern Pennsylvania Railroad. This first advance convinced the am bitious rodmau that he had made no mistake in the choice of an em ployer, and from that time on he never doubted the wlBdom of throw ing his whole energy into the cause of the road. Imitation Horsehair. Imitation horsehair (or pyroxylin, us It is called) is a cellulose product, and is furnished to the manufac turers in the form of thick threads of every imaginable color, by a Ger man manufacturing trust, with head quarters at Frankfort. This thread Is finished and made into braids in the Bame way the real silk or real horsehair is prepared. Horsehair is now only used for white or black braids, as it does not take the dye as well as the Imitation article and tho cost Is greater. The number of Chinese students In Tokio 8,000 exceeds the num W of Japanese students there. 1 . 1 Is! iiSi AS'crjclable Preparation for As similating HicFoodaiulRcpjula ting (lie Stomnclis andUowds of rromolcs Digcslion.Chwrrul nessandnost.Contains neither Oirium.Mfirpltiiie nor Mineral. TSOTAllCOTIC. toy artHdOrSAMVIimCiaR ltnyJcM Setd jtlx.Smin ttfmmt - ClanfiMl iltittytwrn norm Apprlrcl Remedy rorConslip Hon, Sour Stomach, Diarrhoea Worms .Convulsions .Fevcrish ncss and Loss of Sleep. Facsimile Signnlurc ot NEW YORK. MM'.'.MWIrg ma tXACT COPV OF WRAPPER. BEWARE OF THIS TRUST. How to Copo With the Mail Order Combine That Kills Competition. "I'm nsainst the trusts, first, last and all the time," remarked a leading citizen at the post office the other, day. "Pardon me. niv dear sir. but I don't ouile believe you are," miiet- ly volunteered a stranger. "What do you know about it ?" asked the citizen, a little offended. "Just this," replied the stranger, "I saw you a moment ago, while both of us were using the desk shelf along the wall, address a let ter to a big mail order house in Liucago wnicli 1 happen to know about. I couldn't help but see the address as the letter lay there be fore me. row. besrcrintr vour nar- don for the question, didn't ycu order some goods lrom that house? "I did. And what of it ?" "Then my dear sir, you are giv ing aid and sustenance to the one trust which is harming you and your community more than all the rest of the trusts put together. I refer to the mail order trust. Are you not aware of the fact that the mail order houses being big, and rich, and powerful, are killing off competition everywhere in the country districts? The Standard Oil Company does not affect your community to any very great ex tent perhaps, but this mail order trust comes directly into your midst, manages to uudersell your local merchants in some things, though the trust makes it up off you iu other things, and you and your neighbors mail your money to this competition killing trust and thereby slowly but surely strangle the life out of your home enterpris es. Did that ever occur to you ?" "Well, I can't say that it ever did, not just in that light," replied the citizen. "No, but think it over. The big cities are constantly getting bigger at the expense of the smaller cities and the country. That is because they are getting the trade of the country the individual trade, not alone that of the country merchants. You neglect your home merchant. He goes out of business, moves to the city and becomes a hired man for one of these trusts." "Well, what can we do about it? If the mail order business is a trust, it seems to be a legitmate one. There is no law against it." "You are quite right. But there are things you cau do. For instance, you can set to work and organize in your town a home trade league, the members to pledge themselves, so far as possible, to encourage home trade by trading at home. If I lived in a small town, I'd do something just like that. Why don't you do it? " The citizen remarked that he'd think it over. A great many others might think the matter over with out any injury to local interests. Ex. OAlBTOrtlA, But the 1 n niiu imi naw Aiwa mm ASTORIA For Infants nnd Children. The Kind You Have Always Bought Bears the Signature In Use For Over Thirty Years TMS ointhuh foonnr. new roan oitt. The Best Guaranty of Merit Is Open Publicity. Kvcry bottle of Dr. Pierce's world-famed medicines leaving the great laboratory at Buffalo, N. Y., has printed upon its wrapper all the ingredients entering into its com position. This fact alone plnces l)r. Pierce's Family Medicines in a i-iss oil by themselves. They can not be classed with patent or secret medicines because they are neither. This is why so many unprejudiced physicians pi escribe them s.nd recommend them to their patients. They know what they arc com posed of, and that the ingredients are those endorsed by the most eminent medical authorities. The further fact that neither Dr. Pierce's Golden Medical Discovery, the great stomach tonic, liver in vigorator, heart regulator and blood-purifier, nor his "Favorite Prescription" for weak, over-worked, broken-down, nervous women, contains any alcohol, also entitles them to a place all by themselves. Many years ago, Dr. Pierce dis covered that chemically pure gly cerine, of proper strength, is a bet ter solvent and preservative of the medicinal principles residing in our indigenous, or native, medicinal plants than is alcohol ; and, further more, that it possesses valuable medicinal properties of its own, being demulcent, nutritive, anti septic, and a most efficient anti fer ment. Neither of the above medicines contains alcohol, or any harmful, habit-forming drug, as will be seen from a glance at the formuhTprint ed on each bottle jivrapper. They are safe to use and potent to cure. - - . Most of us live to rejoice in the fact that we didn't marry the girl we fell in love with at first sight. DO THE RIGHT THING if you have Nlsal Catarrh. Get Ely's Cream Balm at once. Don't touch the catarrh powders and snuffs, for they contain cocaine. Ely's Cream Balm releases the secretions that inflame the nasal passages and the throat, whereas common "reme dies" made with mercury merely drive them out and leave you no better than you were. In a word, Ely's Cream Balm is a real cure, not a delusion. All druggists, 50c., or mailed by Ely Bros., 56 Warren Street, New York. "The only way to really enjoy life." says the Manayunk Philoso pher, "is to let the other fellow do the worrying." You Have Often Seen Women with marked blueness or paleness of face, vitiated appetites and a craving for unwholesome food. These are signs of disordered liver, and the trouble must be corrected or worse results are sure to follow. Dr. Kennedy's Favorite Remedy dispels liver disease. Husbands and fathers cannot afford to treat this matter lightly. A Certain Curt lor Aching Feet. Shake Into your shoes Allen's Foot-IIiiao. a ???aur-1',1 Clir8 T"'eU' AculiiB, Callous, HwiaU lag, Swollen feet. At all DruWlsts uud miou mTJlXlJul? CKKa dforn, Allen 5? Owibtoa, He Hoy, H, V, (HMt.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers