THE COLUMBIAN. BLOOMSBUWl. PA
!7K Al OI'F.HA IU11.T OX SMOKE.
O: COM) HAXI) HAT I:KAL:T.3.
HP If I IK
Success of a Novel Experi
ment in New England.
O PFUR INDUCEMENTS
Company Formed to Itrnt S!i-ci to
Farmers May 15c a Solution of
the Abandoned Fnrin l'roMor.i
The Hrtipttic Worked In M;iss
i liiisctt and Vermont.
company formed to rent s'.iorp
f .'.iriuero exUts In New Kngland.
.. .;ugh farmers have rented sheep
.hilr neighbors for Ages this Is
1 1 to be the first company ever
i. ..'lulled for this purpose.
A'jout 6,060 of its s!i"op were nib
Ming brushy pustr.es lu 0114
season In Franklin county, the
most sparsely settled part of of
Massachusetts, and In southern
Vermont. The cheap lands of
the abandoned farm district and the
Intimidation of the farmtr by the
ascendant dog are big factors lu
this enterprise.
Up In hilly Hawley, where so:.ie of
these flocks are located, a 100 acre
pasture, with some good woodland,
recently sold for $175. Huying land
up there Is a very sporty preposition.
Jn return for your $50 the seller
may unload on your Innocent head
100 acres, Instead of the 50 you
thought you were buying.
The western Massachusetts hills
are admirably uuapted for sheep and
O Ki: fed flocks ten times as big as
no. v. Mongrel dogs that will Kill a
Bfore apiece of a night, together
with the fall of wool twenty jeurs
ago, put herders out of business.
The country, mulcr Massachusetts
law, Is supposed to pay for till sheep
M1'"! or biUi'U by do;.-., i.nil l'r;:;ik
liu county pays yearly thousands of
dollars to furnish its pampered purps
with this needed relaxation. Tim
growers say, however, that they get
little or no compensation for the in
Jury done to flocks that are chased
but not actually bitten.
"Will you buy or lease?" asks tho
company of each Inquirer for Bheep.
The terms of the rental require
the lessee to give the company half
the Increase of lambs, and one-fourth
the wool.
"Five minutes bookkeeping," says
the doubter, "ought to show the
farmer that he would better buy.
He can't give up less than the
equivalent of $75 on the lease basis
a flock of fifty. He could buy
-ame flock for $4 00 and $20 iu-
ut the farmer Is too cautious for
Often he has no ready cash,
particularly likes the lease basis,
e the company assumes all risk
. . --iii dogs. And so the company has
leased about 6,200 sheep, has 700 011
Us ranches, and has sold only a
hundred or two.
As everything depends upon the
care that leased sheep get, the com
pany confronts at the start certain
tplcal weaknesses of the Yankee
farmer. For one thing, the patient
study of scientific animal Industry
lias Interested him less than tho
more adventurous Joys of the trader
Leased sheep are Inspected regularly
by the manager and a certain stand
ard of good care Is exacted.
The land used by these sheep
lessees la mostly In run down past
ures that were growing up to brush.
The great trouble with the hill town
farmer has been the failure of hla
crop of boys, lacking whom his profit
Is eaten up by slow motioned Poles
and Finns at $25 a month and found.
Every year mowing machine,
plough and cattle leave wider strips
of goldenrod and briars, where an
other summer the little birches gain
foothold, and It all becomes wood
land in a decade. The sheep are
turned Into fields thus slipping back
Into the wilderness and soon market
them fertile again.
The company's promoters think
they have two advantages over the
farmer. One is, It should be able to
market ita product to better advan
tage than the average farmer, the
other, that Its sheep are high grade
stock.
Many inquiries from all over New
England Indicate that sheep can be
based for years, perhaps Indefinitely.
But any given customer will become
independent of the company In a few
years through his share of the flock
increase.
The ranch system works very
nicely with the lease plan. It is
the purpose of the company to es
tablish a ranch In the centre of any
district where its sheep are largely
leased. The professional shepherd
in charge will then have general
oversight over leased flocks In that
district and give ' assistance as
needed.
Ranching on these old hills gains
o greatly over old time farming
largely by the small cost of labor,
utensils and machinery.
The danger from dogs Is still a
condition and not theory. Seventy
five company sheep were killed in one
year. The farmer may consider that
the assumption of the risk by the
company distributes losses, and part
of his return of lambs and wool is
thus In the nature of insurance.
Cold Meals and Alcohol,
As if to compensate for the unin
viting and Dosslblr. at the outset.
depressing aspect of a cold meal, it
Has neen Observed mat tne person to
whom, for some special and, it may
be, unfortunate curcumstance, a
warm meal is the exception, com
monly exhibits a desire to indulge in
alcoholic stimulants. The Lancet
).car llnmmrrsteliri Di'enms lb-gun
At a t'luiir Workers' J tench.
When Mr. llatnniers-teln was asked
whore he obtained the capital to
build half a dozen theatres and a
grand opera house he smiled and
s;ii J :
"I landed in America with just
$2 in my pocket." "I wu3 u ruu
.iwuy from home. My father wanted
1110 to be a man of learning, lie in
sisted on cramming algebra and
Latin and Greek and French into
nit. I learned a lot of it, but I
never liked it.
"After landing, I went to a board
ing house In Greenwich Street, New
York City, and the first day found a
German paper which contained an
advertisement calling for boys to
learn the clgarmaker's trade. It
seemed only a chanco to make a liv
ing then, and I had no real fancy
for It and no idea of what It would
mean. I went to a shop lu 1'eurl
Street and they took me in and gave
$2 a week and I lived on that,
lived for a long time.
9 ? ,
Oscar Haninierstein.
"But I learned tho trade and be
came a clgarmaker and had my own
bench, and made enough money Boon
to be able to look around a bit. I
was of a mechanical turn of mind
and studious, and I wondered
whether some of the work of cigar
making could not bo done by ma
chinery. "It took a long time to prove
that a cigar could be made that
way," he said. "It was 1870 when I
made my first machine.
"It was so funny, only It was very
serious at the time. You see, I
thought that tho fillers of the cigars
could bo bunched by machinery, and
I made a machine that would bunch
them, and so simple that a girl
could operate It. It looked good..
But when the machines were put in
operation it was soon found that they
made so much dust that the girls
would soon choke, and they eould
not Btay near them for half an hour.
"One day I was down In my shop
trying to find a way to suck out the
air and still prevent tho wrapper
tobacco from being taken up. I
saw the lid of an old shoe-blacking
box lying on the floor, and an idea
suggested itself to me. I picked it
up and punched holes In Its top with
a nail. Then I fitted It on my suc
tion machine over the tobacco and
turned on the air. The wrapper to
bacco flew up again and was held
against that lid of a shoe-blacking
box. I was discouraged, angry.
Here was another defeat.
"Then, as I was looking at that
wrapper tobacco held against that
perforated box another idea came to
me.
'That idea revolutionized the
making of cigars. From that time
air has been used for the most deli
cate work of clgarmaking. Up to
that time it had been necessary to
employ personB with only the most
delicate touch to handle the wrap
pers, and even the most careful of
them wasted a lot of valuable to
bacco, while the waste of time was
enormous.
"When I looked at the tobacco on
that old blacking box lid," he said,
"I saw a delicate leaf held tightly
against it, and not only that, but
held firmly and smoothly. 'Why
Bhould a man have to Bmooth out
the leaf and hold it while he cuts
the wrapper If air will do that for
him?' I asked myself. And so I
made my first machine that used air
suction in handling the leaf tobacco.
"For a year nobody would touch
It and I needed money very badly.
Then a shrewd Yankee named Wil
liams came over from Newark, and
Baid he had heard about the ma
chine. And he knew what there
was to It, but he gave me only $6,
000 for It. He Is a millionaire many
times over now, and all through ray
invention. The American Tobacco
Company alone paid $60,000 a year
royalties on it while the patent was
in effect.
"But I still had my dreams," he
said. "So I went on Inventing, and
It was not long till I had made ray
stripping machine. This was one
of the best. I did not Bell that for
a miserable $6,000. I got $200,000
for It. That made a great differ
ence.
"When I was without money
eight years ago I Invented, and that
Is how I got the money to buy prop
erty and build theatres and build the
opera house. And when I needed
money for my opera I was able to
sell rights in my latest invention
$100,000 for the Porto Rlcan rlghU,
$160,000 for the European rights,
$200,000 for the Canadian right,'
Again the enigmatic smile.
A Trntlo Which Han Sprung Up In
lieceiit Years in New York City.
One of the most ancient of nil
trades Is that in second hand clothe,
mi there have been dealers In sec
ond hand shoes; but comparatively
new Is a business established in New
York City about a dozen years ago
by a man who deals In hats, only
while, running Incidentally a hat
cleaning establishment.
He buys hla hats from wholesale
dealers who get them podlers nnd
old clothes collectors who bring
their collections for sale to the sec
ond hand clothes exchange. From
the stocks of hats which the whole
sale dealers in old clothes and ap
parel thus gather the retail dealer
In second hand hats selects Btich as
will be suitable for his trade.
These hats, which may some of
them show but little wear, he cleans
and presses and blocks if need be
and generally puts in order. If a
hat needs a new binding he puts
that on or a new band; such a thing
has been known as putting a sound
crown of a hat with a broken rim
Into the second rim of a hat that had
a broken crown; but as a rule reno
vation, with perhaps some minor re
pairs, Is with the lints that the
dealer buys all that is necessary.
He gets some soft hats, but mostly
derbies; and this stock, all put In
order, he arranges In display on his
shelves, with a little ticket showing
Its size stuck in the band of each
hat, shelf after shelf of hats of vari
ous st) led and sizes, and thus dis
played they make a goodly array.
The dealer has sold as many ns
four hats to one customer within
a single week, the presumption being
that at least three of these hud been
lo:t oj- perhaps Irretrievably dam
aged on occasions of more or less
festivity, lint a man can afford to
Io: e a hat occasionally when they
co.-st but half a dollar nplece, which
Is the uniform price of ull these
hats, and for which, the dealer says,
you can buy a hat better than uny
new hat for a dollar, while it may
have been originally a hat of fine
quality.
In fact, at this price the second
hand hats commend themselves to
many buyers; and the dealer has
customers who come to him regu
larly for their hats Just as they
might conio to any hat store.
Robert Hichens.
author of the "Call of Blood" and
"The Garden of Allah." It is pre
dicted that he will be one of the
foremost of American authors.
Worn Away By Handling.
The touch of thousands of human
hands for more than a score of years
every week-day in the year has
worn away a portion of one of the
exhibits of wood at the Smithsonian
Institution. The exhibit in question
Is a carreta or ox wagon, and stands
in the east wing of the Institution.
The part of the axle that has been
worn away simply by the admiring
touch of thousands of visitors pro
trudes several feet and is easily
reached. The wonderful smooth
ness of the wood which has slowly
but surely been worn away is the
result.
The old ox wagon is made entirely
of cottonwood, and is without a
single piece of metal. It was built
by Pueblo Indians and is the style
used in New Mexico and Arizona.
The design Is that introduced in this
country by the Spaniards many years
ago. It is a clumsy affair, with two
wheels that are fur from being
round. For many generations, how
ever, this sort of cart has answered
the purpose of transportation for the
Pueblo Indians as well as other
tribes.
The axle that has been worn away
is directly under the sign giving an
account of the origin and history of
the ox wagon. While reading,
nearly every sightseer rests his
hand upon the wood, perhaps does
a little knocking for good luck, and
perchance picks a splinter. Anyway,
the axle end has been worn away,
and to-day is as smooth and as
shiny as a billiard ball.
Habits of the liee Martin.
A remarkable bird found in Mex
ico is the bee martin, which has a
trick of ruffling up the feathers on
the top of its head into the exact
semblance of a beautiful flower, and
when a bee comes along to sip honey
from the supposed flower it is snap
ned up by the bird.
Telephones iu the Forest.
The first forest reserve telephone
put in by, the Federal Government
will be a line of 109 miles, costing
$5,000. in the Big Horn forest re
serVo in Wyoming. This is to secure
prompt aid in fighting Umber fires,
!v & t J
M. n;::A kailuoAD man.
"Jt'an tin B liodnian Success i)u(
to Hard Wotk.
Another proof that this is a demo
rntic country and that the lil'h-t
jMlies lire open to the lium'.ilest If
.hey have tho ability to rise to their
Importunities, has been furnished by
ho greatest railroad In the world,
i.lilcli Is trying thn experiment
1 f what kind of a president a rodntan
A 111 make.
It Is not eo long upo, within tho
memory of many officials of tho
Pennsylvania Railroad, that James
MeCren, w'ho has succeeded to the
nantlo of A. J. Cussutt, was only
plain "Jim McCrea, and figured on
;he salary liht of tho road as a rod
11r.it. Ho was a good rodmau, a hard
tvorker. He Ins been tho same In
ivory other position ho lias held in
'.lie forty-one years he lias surwd
.ho mad.
The character of result achieved
by the tall, muscular, silent, gruff
'ipokeii "Jim" made him a marked
'..inn before ho had been a roclmau
for two years. Then came promo
tions, and four presidents of the
'o.i'l look a pleasure in aiding hia
iV-v
2
sty
-.)
JnnicH Mcl'ren.
mblMons. He vent up, up through
the stages of engineer, superintend
ent of various divisions, general
manager of various ronda, fourth
vice president, third vice president,
second vico president and find vice
president.
His election to tho headship of
the entire concern wns no surprise,
for it had been known for a long
time that he was President Cassatt's
preference, and for a couple of yet.ra
irior to his death, Mr. Cussutt had
been grooming McCrea for the place.
This wus not alone friendship on
the part of the late president. He
recognized in Mr. McCrea the one
kind of man who never failed in
uny task imposed on him by the
road. Ho could carry along the
hugo projects of Mr. Cassatt had
planned; there need be no panic
when Mr. Cassatt passed, provided
the steady hand of "Jim" McCrea
took the throttle.
There is no particular romance iu
the life story of this man, big meu
tully and physically. His success
has not proceeded from strokes of
daring, or sudden inspirations.
Hard, relentless work has been the
only system he knew.
The new head of the Pennsylvania
was born in the home city of that or
ganization, and is 68 years old His
father was a physician, who drifted
Into banking, and had "Jim" McCroa
chosen to take tho easier wuys of
life, he could have taken over the
business of the father, and settled
down to comfort and a reasonable
assurance of plenty without having
to work very hard to get it.
Ambition was stronger in the
youngster than love of ease, and
after he gruduated from the the
University of Pennsylvania at the
close of the Civil War, he looked the
field over, and resolved that the
probable growth of the Pennsylvania
Railroad, then only a strugglfng sug
gestion of the mighty power, it has
now become, made it a promising
career for a young man with both
ability and energy.
He applied for a place. Nothing
attractive opened, but, undaunted,
young McCrea pressed so hard that
they made him a rodmun. This was
in 1865 Before two years passed
he received his first promotion, and
was made rodman and assistant en
gineer on the Connellsville and
Southern Pennsylvania Railroad.
This first advance convinced the am
bitious rodmau that he had made
no mistake in the choice of an em
ployer, and from that time on he
never doubted the wlBdom of throw
ing his whole energy into the cause
of the road.
Imitation Horsehair.
Imitation horsehair (or pyroxylin,
us It is called) is a cellulose product,
and is furnished to the manufac
turers in the form of thick threads
of every imaginable color, by a Ger
man manufacturing trust, with head
quarters at Frankfort. This thread
Is finished and made into braids in
the Bame way the real silk or real
horsehair is prepared. Horsehair
is now only used for white or black
braids, as it does not take the dye
as well as the Imitation article and
tho cost Is greater.
The number of Chinese students
In Tokio 8,000 exceeds the num
W of Japanese students there.
1 .
1
Is!
iiSi
AS'crjclable Preparation for As
similating HicFoodaiulRcpjula
ting (lie Stomnclis andUowds of
rromolcs Digcslion.Chwrrul
nessandnost.Contains neither
Oirium.Mfirpltiiie nor Mineral.
TSOTAllCOTIC.
toy artHdOrSAMVIimCiaR
ltnyJcM Setd
jtlx.Smin ttfmmt -
ClanfiMl
iltittytwrn norm
Apprlrcl Remedy rorConslip
Hon, Sour Stomach, Diarrhoea
Worms .Convulsions .Fevcrish
ncss and Loss of Sleep.
Facsimile Signnlurc ot
NEW YORK.
MM'.'.MWIrg
ma
tXACT COPV OF WRAPPER.
BEWARE OF THIS TRUST.
How to Copo With the Mail Order Combine
That Kills Competition.
"I'm nsainst the trusts, first,
last and all the time," remarked a
leading citizen at the post office the
other, day.
"Pardon me. niv dear sir. but I
don't ouile believe you are," miiet-
ly volunteered a stranger.
"What do you know about it ?"
asked the citizen, a little offended.
"Just this," replied the stranger,
"I saw you a moment ago, while
both of us were using the desk
shelf along the wall, address a let
ter to a big mail order house in
Liucago wnicli 1 happen to know
about. I couldn't help but see the
address as the letter lay there be
fore me. row. besrcrintr vour nar-
don for the question, didn't ycu
order some goods lrom that house?
"I did. And what of it ?"
"Then my dear sir, you are giv
ing aid and sustenance to the one
trust which is harming you and
your community more than all the
rest of the trusts put together. I
refer to the mail order trust. Are
you not aware of the fact that the
mail order houses being big, and
rich, and powerful, are killing off
competition everywhere in the
country districts? The Standard
Oil Company does not affect your
community to any very great ex
tent perhaps, but this mail order
trust comes directly into your
midst, manages to uudersell your
local merchants in some things,
though the trust makes it up off
you iu other things, and you and
your neighbors mail your money to
this competition killing trust and
thereby slowly but surely strangle
the life out of your home enterpris
es. Did that ever occur to you ?"
"Well, I can't say that it ever
did, not just in that light," replied
the citizen.
"No, but think it over. The big
cities are constantly getting bigger
at the expense of the smaller cities
and the country. That is because
they are getting the trade of the
country the individual trade, not
alone that of the country merchants.
You neglect your home merchant.
He goes out of business, moves to
the city and becomes a hired man
for one of these trusts."
"Well, what can we do about it?
If the mail order business is a trust,
it seems to be a legitmate one.
There is no law against it."
"You are quite right. But there
are things you cau do. For instance,
you can set to work and organize
in your town a home trade league,
the members to pledge themselves,
so far as possible, to encourage
home trade by trading at home. If
I lived in a small town, I'd do
something just like that. Why
don't you do it? "
The citizen remarked that he'd
think it over. A great many others
might think the matter over with
out any injury to local interests.
Ex.
OAlBTOrtlA,
But the 1 n niiu imi naw Aiwa
mm
ASTORIA
For Infants nnd Children.
The Kind You Have
Always Bought
Bears the
Signature
In
Use
For Over
Thirty Years
TMS ointhuh foonnr. new roan oitt.
The Best Guaranty of Merit Is Open
Publicity.
Kvcry bottle of Dr. Pierce's
world-famed medicines leaving the
great laboratory at Buffalo, N. Y.,
has printed upon its wrapper all the
ingredients entering into its com
position. This fact alone plnces
l)r. Pierce's Family Medicines in a
i-iss oil by themselves. They can
not be classed with patent or secret
medicines because they are neither.
This is why so many unprejudiced
physicians pi escribe them s.nd
recommend them to their patients.
They know what they arc com
posed of, and that the ingredients
are those endorsed by the most
eminent medical authorities. The
further fact that neither Dr.
Pierce's Golden Medical Discovery,
the great stomach tonic, liver in
vigorator, heart regulator and
blood-purifier, nor his "Favorite
Prescription" for weak, over-worked,
broken-down, nervous women,
contains any alcohol, also entitles
them to a place all by themselves.
Many years ago, Dr. Pierce dis
covered that chemically pure gly
cerine, of proper strength, is a bet
ter solvent and preservative of the
medicinal principles residing in our
indigenous, or native, medicinal
plants than is alcohol ; and, further
more, that it possesses valuable
medicinal properties of its own,
being demulcent, nutritive, anti
septic, and a most efficient anti fer
ment. Neither of the above medicines
contains alcohol, or any harmful,
habit-forming drug, as will be seen
from a glance at the formuhTprint
ed on each bottle jivrapper. They
are safe to use and potent to cure.
- - .
Most of us live to rejoice in the
fact that we didn't marry the girl
we fell in love with at first sight.
DO THE RIGHT THING if you
have Nlsal Catarrh. Get Ely's
Cream Balm at once. Don't touch
the catarrh powders and snuffs, for
they contain cocaine. Ely's Cream
Balm releases the secretions that
inflame the nasal passages and the
throat, whereas common "reme
dies" made with mercury merely
drive them out and leave you no
better than you were. In a word,
Ely's Cream Balm is a real cure,
not a delusion. All druggists, 50c.,
or mailed by Ely Bros., 56 Warren
Street, New York.
"The only way to really enjoy
life." says the Manayunk Philoso
pher, "is to let the other fellow do
the worrying."
You Have Often Seen Women
with marked blueness or paleness
of face, vitiated appetites and a
craving for unwholesome food.
These are signs of disordered liver,
and the trouble must be corrected
or worse results are sure to follow.
Dr. Kennedy's Favorite Remedy
dispels liver disease. Husbands and
fathers cannot afford to treat this
matter lightly.
A Certain Curt lor Aching Feet.
Shake Into your shoes Allen's Foot-IIiiao. a
???aur-1',1 Clir8 T"'eU' AculiiB, Callous, HwiaU
lag, Swollen feet. At all DruWlsts uud miou
mTJlXlJul? CKKa dforn, Allen 5?
Owibtoa, He Hoy, H, V, (HMt.