THE COLUMBIAN, BLOOMSBURG, PA. Bl HI Id H In 1332 Edmund Roberts Ef fected the First Overtures BORN IN NEW HAMPSHIRE At Thirteen Kccclved a Midship man'a Warrant In tho Vtiited State Navy He Opened the Way to Achievement In Trade and Dlplomncj, To the mouth of the Plscntaqua her, In A.D. 1603, whore Ports nuth now stands, cume Capt. Mar n Frlng, making survcya of the '"' Hampshire coast. In later years Frlng, eommand ip the ship James Royal, of 1,000 'is, sailed to Japan. Prlng, on his return from Japan In 1620, raised a fund of over 70 for "The Hast India School," to b.j established In Virginia. In July, 1905, 301 years after Prlag, In the steamer Minnesota, Boron Komura, peace envoy of the Mikado, sent to treat with the Csar's Ministers, moved down Yeddo Bay. Some miles below Mississippi Bay, off Ooldsboroiigh Inlet, he passed under the shadow of Will Adams' torib to come to Portmouth. N. H., the site first visited by Prlng, and -whence, In 1832, the first accredited American envoy to Japan, Capt. Kd miind Roberts, sulled, with Presi dent Andrew Jackson's authority, to conclude a treaty of peace and com merce with Komura's country. Tho rise of the American com merce in Asia Is from many points of view highly romantic. It was not tho work of the Government, but sprang from Individual Initiative. Gradually from our ports brave traders sailed forth in their sailing ressels, until In time thero was de-Tc'-pcd the superb and matchless American clipper ship. Tet this commercial success was won In the teeth of frightful discouragements. Cb'nese and Malay pirates were as persistently busy as hungy mos qultos. Even under settled Govern ments In Slam, for example, native creditors had power over the life as we.l as the property of American debtors. Our sailors were treated with barbarity, for who was there to protect or punish their oppressors? All this was seen by a young man born In Portsmouth, N. H., who to unique opportunity Joined daring and ability. Edniund Roberts, de scendant of a line of officers In the British Navy, was born in Ports ::r nil, June 29, 1 784. At thirteen ough his Congressman, he re !ed a Midshipman's warrant in United States Navy, but obeyed wish of his mother. While she . d he remained at home, until 00. Incredible ns It may seem, no American man-of-war had yet sailed Into the seas beyond Africa. From the Cape of Good Hope even to Tezo and Saghallen the state of our unprotected commerce was pain fully Impressed upon his attention. In Java, Sumatra, the Philippine Islands, not a few of our sailors were rotting In prisons, were en slaved among savage tribes, pinod as castaways on Japanese shores, or were treated with scant respect by Asiatic rulers, whether petty or grand. On his return, Roberts Interested his personal friend, Levi Woodbury, then United States Senator from the Granite State, afterward Jackson's Secretary of the Navy, In his larger plans. The result was that Roberts was appointed special envoy for the purjtose of effecting treaties which should put our commerce on an quality enjoyed by other more-favored nations. Leaving Boston in March, 1832, Roberts, after visiting Montevideo, made a favorable treaty with the Sultan of Muscat, September 21, 1833, providing for United States Consuls, the proper treatment of Americans, and for our quality with the most-favored na tions. Reaching home by taking the Unl'ed States ship Lexington from Rio Janeiro, after two years' ab sence, Roberts remained with his family a few months and went out again in the Peacock to ratify the old treaties, make new ones, and above all to gain access, us he often hopefully declared, to tho closed ports of the hermit nation, Japan, Unfortunately, in China his hopeful career was closed. Roberts discovered also that It was against the' Portuguese grain to return properly our men-of-war's salutes, that is, gun for gun. How could a republic be equal to a mon archy or a President deserve the honor given to a King? At Porto Praya there was some anxiety after the American's honor guns had thundered. But why? Because Lieutenant Matthew C. Perry, in that part of the world and away back In 1819, would not take the one gun less allowed by Portuguese to republican Governments,- and the United States steamship Cyane went In contemptuous silence out of the harbor. The same officer as, treaty maker In Japan thirty-four years later would abate not on jot of etiquette, and never ven appeared until two dalmlos of high rank ap peared. "The United States acknowl edged no nation as entitled to great ax respect than itself," said Perry tn 1819 and always. Muoh the same at titude was Justly assumed by Lieu tenant Glynn, sent by Captain Gis lngor In 1849 to Nagasaki to demand the release of Americans held aa yrlooners. William Eliot GrlflU. JAPAN'S A HLF, STATESMAN. llegan his Diplomatic Career In this Country In 1 871). Kogoro Takahlra, Japanese Min ister to the United StateB Is a re markably vigorous looking specimen of his race. He Is not tall, but bis breadth of shoulder Is unusual and his muscular development is a tri bute to the wonders of Jiu-jitsu . Once or twice during his term as Japanese Minster at Washlngon he has succumbed to the strain of dip lomatic life. But his physical vigor would not be likely to succumb to anything less than the rigors of a social campaign. Mr. Takahlra held his first diplo matic post of any importance in 1879 In this country. Three years before that time he had begun his career with a series of brief stays in China, Holland, Italy and Corea. He bucame then an attache of the legation at Washington, and for four years he remained here, learning the language thoroughly. His slowness In speaking our tongue now is not the result of Indifferent knowledge, but of his own deliberation and carefulness of thought After his first stay here his Gov ernment made htm charge d'affaires in Corea, consul-general at Shanghai, later at New York, then Minister to Holland, Italy and Austria. Mr. Takahlra has been accused of excessive stolidity, but that is con sidered by those who Know him well to be the result of his extremely studious character. His tastes are naturally those of a scholar. He Is regarded as an authorltv on Chinese philosophy and la ucqiitl'it ed with the literature of the t o in- j trios he has visited, as well as t'telr , language. Ho has the unemotional ' manner of -11 his countrymen, but ' KOfiORA TAKAHIRA speaks with great animation and feeling on the subject of the war between Russia and Japan. The Japanese Minister two years ago came to New York from Wash injrton to be operated on for appen dicitis. On his return to Washing ton he was taken 111, as the period of his rest had been too short. With the exception of another brief period of retirement Mr. Taka hlra has stuck to his post steadily. His other brief period of absence be gan about a year ago when the pain caused by a wound received in Ja pnn during his youth compelled him to take a rest. Norwtty's Marine Karnlngs. Tho earnings of the Norwegian merchant marine, especially of ves sels engaged in the carrying trade between foreign ports, constitute a large portlou of the national reve nue. Norway's merchant marine Is fourth In size among the merchant marines of the world, being ex ceeded only by those of the United Kingdom, the United States and Germany. Its total tonnage Is nearly 1,500,000 tons, as against 626,000 tons for Sweden. Its total earn ings in 1902 were $29,700,000, as against $13,400,000 earned by Swedish merchantmen, while the amounts earned by Norwegian ves sels in carrying freight between for eign ports only, was $22,375,000, as against $3,644,000 earned by Swed ish vessels for similar services. Harper's Weekly. Tattooed Women. There are two sorts of tattooing In use among the women of the Congo. One is common to all the members of the same tribe, and Indicates the origin and birthplace of the sub ject. It is an infallible and perpet ual certificate of birth and nation ality. The other sort of tattooing is simply fantasy and coquetry. But among certain tribes there is a third kind. The women record upon their bodies the epochs of thlr ex istence. A horizontal line marks marriage, oblique lines the birth of children, a vertical line weaning, an other line change of residence. Thus the autobiography of the wo man is written upon her person, and regarded with pride if it Is full of events. Exchange. Berlin's Forest School. Berlin's educational and medical authorities have organized a won derful forest school for city children from the crowded districts of Ber lin. In a wide clearing in the forest 150 children pursue the ordinary routine of school, varied by nature study at first hand. The hours of work are short and fresh air and exercise are given supreme import ance. The children cook their own dinner at a campOre and the desks and seats and shelter sheds are made from timber felled from the clearing. At 1 o'clock the children take an hour's sleep, for which each is provided with a blanket and a steamer chair. Some actors study to uplift their profession and some others study the art of getting to the' next town. Records are brittle things. Yon can't lower one without breaking tC CZAR S GREAT till M. Witte's Remarkable Rise From Clerk to Premier OF GERMAN PARENTAGE riiircesft Attributed to His Initiative in Turklhli-Kiissliin War Always lU-fused to tuke nny I'nrt In Move ment Agnlnst Jews and Nihilists His Groat Popularity. The rise of a railway clerk to tho post of Premier is a much more wou derful achievement In Russia than it would be in any other European country, and for that reason the per sonality of Sergius Wltte Is the most Interesting. Ho conquered great difficulties before he came to his present high place. He Is of German origin and the "Russia for the Russians" policy found In that fact an almost unfor givable crime. He comes from Transcaucasus. In 1849 he was born at Tlflls of pa rents who had emigrated to Rus sia from the northern part of Ger many, He was sent by his parents to school at Odessa and astonished his teachers most by his skill in mathe matics and physics. He wanted to mix In the affairs of the world. The army was impossible for him because be was not of noble birth. For the same reason he had to crush out his' desire to go Into the navy. Commerce was not to his liking and he decided to go Into the Slate railroad department. It was difficult for a man in his position to attract attention in the railroad service, but M. Wltte did It when only 27. The war betwoen Russia and Tur key brought up the usual difficulties in the matter of transporting tho troops and supplies to the frontier. The army trains were hopelessly In adequate. Opportunities were lost because it was impossible to get the soldiers to the frontier, and those who were there found themselves without food and other necessary supplies. M. Wltte undertook to straighten matters out ns far as lay In his power. Nothing is so respected In Russia as authority, but the young railroad employe decided to make J 71 ' s l it : if. - 1 v ' Tu-r V -5 TVVt . Li',.; 'V.1..'-. M. Wltte. himself famous by ignoring all. au thority save that which came from the highest source. He sidetracked the trains of many notable persons on their way to the seat of war and kept them waiting for hours while the trains carrying the troops passed on to the Gen erals who were clamoring for them. In spite of the offence Involved In his conduct the news of bis efficien cy reached the Czar, who personally thanked him and awaited the close of the war to reward him more sub stantially. After peace had been declared M. Wltte was called to BL Petersburg and appointed to a high place in the railway department of the civil service, which on account of his birth had been shut against him at the outset of his career. He became director of the Russian Southwestern Railway, the head of the railway department and then by rapid promotion Minister of Means of Communication, Chairman of the Tariff Commission, Minister of Fi nance an1 last year Imperial Chan cellor the .ilghest honor which It is In the powor of the Czar to grant. His efforts to develop Russia's mutoiiiil resources have resulted In marvellous growth. Five years ago ho reported to the Czar that tho In dustrie in his country had trebled In value l:i twenty years. It was he who insisted on tho State owner ship of railroads In Russia. Under his Initiative great manufacturing enterprises have been developed and over fifty towns and cities have recently been lit by electricity. He put the currency of the coun try on a gold basis and the equilib rium of tho budgets has been re stored after many years of financial confusion. He has not hesitated to plunge when he has seen that Rus sia could really afford to spend the money, and one of the best invest ments he ever made for the country was the purchase of the railroads when the country was by no means prosperous. In every oase his la vestments have been Justified by subsequent events. He appointed committees to Investigate the acute Industrial and agricultural depres sion of Russia. All of these com- I mitteee were made up of men in fluenced' by him and their reports might almost have been written by nihilists, so drastic were they la their recommendations. .n RKAIl ADMIRAL K VANS' VIKWS. lilscnsses the Battleship ns n Pro fitable Investment. "A battleship Is never nn orna ment, as so many people suppose. It Is always useful. But It Is more use ful out of than In a fight. Its domi nant mission Is to give peace a meaning and war a warning to the world. And because this Is so we of tho United States need more and bigger battleships. "When I say that a battleship Is more useful, Is a more profitable In vestment even in peace than in war, I mean that It is tho greatest and surest preventive of war that the centuries have as yet brought forth," pursued Admiral Evans slowly but vigorously. "No one who carefully studies and duly ponders the question will rashly gainsay this." Admiral Evans made the startling declaration: "Had tho United States possessed, prior to tho Spanish American war, the navy that it pos sesses to-day we would never have had that war. Why? At that time our navy was an unknown quan tity at best, and a comparatively small quantity quantity and not quality remember at the worst. Spain no doubt Joined with the rest of the world In underestimating us as a naval power. Hence she be lieved that she was easily our supe rior on the sea. Because she hap pened to be mistaken is hardly any reason for us to believe that some one elso, should we permit our navy to remain stationary In size and strength, is going to make the same mistake in case of war. "We are now in a most critical period of not only our own but the history of the world. Everything is changing for better rather than for worse, let us hope. War and Its methods are changing Just as is business and every branch of human activity. But one thing will never change and that Is human nature In a national sense." "We have within the past few years, spread ourselves over a vast territory, engendering vaster re sponsibilities than we have hitherto had in our national history. Our navy, therefore, has to play the dual role of protecting those pos sessions in time of need, and tn time of peace of silently signifying to the world that such and such is a part of the United States and must be considered and respected. "Now, nations are no respectors of nations unless the latter are pre pared to enforce respect. Therein lies tho chief value of a comprehen sive naval force. Give us fifty bat tleships, with "an appropriate com plement of cruisers, torpedo boats, and other auxiliaries, and the chances of our beng provoked to break peace are one in a hundred. "But," pursued the Admiral earn estly, "It takes time to build battle ships, and when wo need them for war we need them badly. This was shown In the case of Russia. What would Russia not have given for the battleships of this squadron?" sweeping one hund toward the mon ster steel fortresses aligned to the north and south. "It was worth Is worth almost It's weight in rubles to her. "And yet," quickly added Ad miral Evans, "there Is no advantage In having all the battleships In the world If the men behind the guns are poor marksmen. Russia has been supremely unfortunate in not knowing how to shoot straight. Ja pan, conversely, has been fortun ate, but she owes her good fortune not to chance nor to any superior In telligence, but to practice, unre mitting, oftentimes monotonous, al ways careful and painstaking tar get practice In all sorts of seas and weather. "As for torpedoes," he pursued, "it is Impossible to inflict as much damage with a torpedo as with a ten or twelve-Inch projectile launched from a battleship; and for two rea sons, one being the greater difficulty of reaching the mark with a torpedo and the other being the greater sheer, actual destruction wrought by the projectile hurled from a ten or twelve-Inch gun. "While also a torpedo may blow a hole In the side of a battleship it has yet to prove- its power to sink one whenever it strikes. In the much-exploited torpedo attack made by the Japanese at Port Arthur, an entire squadron of torpedo boats only damaged three out of seven teen vessels, and the latter were again in action within less than ten weeks." Continuing, Admiral Evans be lieved that the United States owed it to Itself as an international power to encourage the training of 2U.U0O young in on annually la tho uuval service. He believed no Kihool com parable with the American men-of-war in teaching discipline, courage, patriotism, and self-control. Having himself seen tho United States Navy progress from sails to steam and from ouli to steel, huvlng seen Its guns evolve from crude nvixsle loaders to the present mighty agents of destruction with which the Mala and her seven com panion vessels are equipped, it was with knowledge bred of experience that tho bronzed veteran, crippled In the bombardment of Fort Fisher, and with one shoulder crushed by a falling armored hatch, recommended the floating fortress as an ideal American college. Feminine Observation. "Smart' men nowadays are disin clined to take their liquid refresh ment at a counter; they prefer to alt down and chat. The Queen. Tho Kind You Have Always in wo for over 30 years, All Counterfeits, Imitations and Just-as-prood" nro but Experiments that trifle with and endanger tho health of Infants and Children Experience against Experiment What is CASTORIA Castoria Is a harmless substitute for Castor Oil, Pare goric, Drops and Soothing Syrups. It is Pleasant. It contains neither Opium, Morphine nor other Narcotic) substance. Its age is its guarantee. It destroys Worms and allays Fcverishncss. It cures Diarrhoea and Wind Colic. It relieves Teething Troubles, cures Constipation and Flatulency. It assimilates tho Food, regulates the Stomach and Dowels, giving healthy and natural sleep Tho Children's Panacea The Mother's Friend GENUINE CASTORIA ALWAYS Bears the The Kind You Have Always Bought In Use For Over 30 Years. ' vmi stimuli mmmnv, tt ttumuv tmn, niw vena orrv. SEPTEMBER JURYMEN. Following: is a complete list of the men v ho will serve on the juriis at iS'ptenilKT court: (iKAMtJl'KY. '. 11. Iieimurd, liloom. Elmer lluKfiilmi-li, Scott John l'Viistermiiclier, Madison Lewi IVavt-r, Locust V. J. Krciimcr, KinhhiKCreek Knmmiel Knyricr, Kenton twp. II. W. Ai)leiiinn. Hemlock M. H. Crimp, Hriiircroek Huri QnirU, Montour Francis V. Itlioiles, Conyngliani W H. Lord, Hloom. Clmuncy lUcler, Itentoa Uoyd Kreas, lirinrcreek .lol'i n Watson, Hloom. Hoy Swentscl, Jlloom. Ste'rliMir Thonms, Hemlock John Hnuck, Uriiu ereek 'l'lioiuas llickcy, r.loom F.tlian Hampton, lloarinj?ereek Ft. il. lltiilnmn, Fisliingcrcek Lloyd Yiinuyr, Jackson Wesley Morris, (jireenwood t'liarlcs 11. F.dwuiils, r.loom. Joseph Strieker, Catuwissa Horo. KiKST WKKK .Il ltoitS. Daniel Hess, Mill! in (1. W. Knouse, llenton V. H. (iilmore, lilooin A. ( Hess, SujRirlnuf Kriwarrf W. Ivey, Hemlock Uolir-ct II. Meiirs. Montour Junie.s L'aMcy, Madison Jonathan l.oiemun, rruiiKiin Micluiel Grant, Centraliti (.!. ( MegarRell, Orange twp. A. K. Wright, Scott Thomas Webb, lUoom. I). H. Wulsh, Ccntralia Hurry Hummel, Heaver Alfred Heucock. Greenwood Moses I Savage, Henton twp. W. H. GriMlth. Ceutralia F. H. Wilson, Hloom. J. L- Kile, Sugarloaf John Scott, Hloom. George H. Keitur, Hloom. Elian Thomas, Cleveland Jesse Hitteuhouse, Henver William Harry, Herwick Miles Kverbard, .Jackson Huvnl Dickson. Hriarcreek Oscar Ammeriiian, Sugailoaf J. (J. Slmlt, Henton H. H. Hulnies, Henton twp. Michael Hartman, Greenwood W. S. Laubaeli, Henton twp. Matthias M. K reamer, Greenwood Jacob Wagner, Herwick A. J. Mcllenry, Stillwater Fills Kingrnse Scott ' K. H. Jenkins, Hloom. Harrison Hess, Fisliiugcreek John It. Ne-ylmrd, Catawissu twp, J. K. Sliumiiu, Center u. u . isntnii, Miganoai j uuticn uuiierMicc, jioom. Charles Tittle, Hloom. W. T. Miller, Henton Philip ( 'rawl'ord, Hloom. I'.d ward Clever, Locust Tilden J. Weiss, Center John Masteller. Milliin Fierce Dimmick, Cleveland filX'OXI WKKK J I'HoKS. Lemuel Kisner, Fine M. C. Jones, Hloom. David Kdwards, Hloom. Robert Wat kins, Hloom. t James H. Laubacli, Henton twp. C. it. lloilsel, Hloom. Alexander Campbell, Fishingoreek Jacob S. Webb, Fine Hiram Demott, Millville H. It. Hower, Herwick Charles Hess, Hloom. Harry Townsend, Hloom. J. D. Ipher, Henton twp. William Fetter, Locust Thomas Fought, Pino Frank Hoys, Hloom. Samuel Vorks, Sugarlouf Charles Lee, Hloom. Flwood Knouse, Henton I). C. Shoemaker, Millvillu Hcnlamiu Golder, Sugarlouf H. J. l'ursel, Hloom. David E. Fisher, Main Jeremiah Kester, Main Nicholas Youum, Cleveland John F. Luugblin, Centiallu George H. Allemau, Hloom. Hiram E. Kveritt. Mt. l'leasaut i Wesley 1 lletler, Mifflin j, 2 . liawtou, ureenwoou J 1 'A Bought, and which lift been ban borno tho fdprnattiro of and has been inndo under Ins per sonal supervision slnco its infancy. Allow no one todeeclvo you In this. Signature of John Mowry, Cleveland Elmer K. Creveling, Mifflin Ed. U. Eves. Millville Samuel Klingermun, Beaver Frank Ivester, Center John M. Humel, Fisliiugcreek Peaches Will Be Plentiful- The .prospects are that the crop of peaches in Pennsylvania this year will be, if not a record one, one which will delight both the consumer and the grower. All growers appear to agree that the crop will not only be a fine one, but that the individual fruit itself will be of the most luscious char acter. The railroads have taken warn ing from the advance reports of the growers and are bending efforts to wards having a sufficient supply of cars in the different localities to market the fruit rapidly. Discouraging reports are heard from some quarters, but these ap pear to be local and to affect only small orchards or those in which the San Jose scale or some other destructive pest has gained such a foothold that killing the trees is about the only way to get rid ot the insects. Unlawful to Fish in Stata oa Sunday. It is unlawful to go fishing in Pennsylvania on Sunday. The State Fisheries Department was notified on Thursday that W. H. Rothermel of Wilkes Barre, after spending $1500 in test proceedings, had abandoned his appeal to the Supreme Court from the Superior Court decision, restraining Squire Lees from fining him and two com panions for Sunday fishing. The matter has been fought in the courts since August, 1903. To the Portlaud Exposition- Visit Colorado and California on the Way Out and Back. Greatest variety of attractions to the Pacific Coast tourist. You can spend some time in the Rocky Mountains, visit Yellowstone Park, attend the Portland Kxposition, so journ in Southern California, re turn over Southern Route by way of El Paso, through New Mexico. Or, you can go via Minneapolis and St. Paul and Northern route in either direction. Send for Rock Island folder and details of summer excursion rates. John Sebastian. Passenger Traffic Manager, Rock Island System, Chicago.1 25,000 00 Given Away. In the past year Dr, R. V, Tierce ha given nav tO)ie of his wurk, The l'eoplc's Common Sense Medical Adviser, at an expense to him of $25,000.00 exclusive of pos:o(e. This standard hook on medicine and hygiene, contains 1 008 pages and more than 700 illustrations It treats ot the greatest and gravest problems of human hie in simple English, from a common sense point of view. It answers those questions of sex which linger unspoken upon the lips of youth mid maiden. It is essentially a family book, and its advice in a moment of sudden illness or accident m.y be the means of saving a valuable life This gieat work is sent absolutely free on receipt of stamps to defray the cost of mailing only. Send 21 one-cent stamps for the book in paper bind ing, or 31 stamps for cloth covers. Address Dr. R. V. Pierce, Buffalo, N. V.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers