Bl ..00r.SBURO. Pa OUR INCREASING NAVY. T I in CONCERT-MASTER'S DUTIES. LORD CURZON'S PROPHECY. 5 d What He Saw in United States and Canada. PRAISE FOR OUR SCHOOLS Capital and Labor The Negro Prob lem Secular Instruction But Re ligioua Knowledge General Two Interesting Months For Him In the United States. John Morlcy, the English states ' an, publicist, and author, who re ntly paid a two months' visit to the lited States, spoke principally on aerican institutions ltt an address Uvered In Brechin, Scotland. According to the report published In .10 London Times he raid that he had never spent two nioi. interesting and stimulating months than dining his recent visit to Cana.iu and the United States. Vie would not pretend that in so short a time iie had got to the bot tom of any of the great problems to be met with in those regions. It was interest!!);; to him in Amer ica to find himself in a country where there was no Established Church, but tbore was no country where religion was more genuine of mere earnest. The common schools of the United States were practically confined to secular Instruction, yet nowhere In the world was religious knowledge more general. The I'nlted States was a country without the untold blessings of a hereditary house of lords, yet there was no country in the world bo far as he knew, where the rights of property were safer. One of the great questions which the democracy of the United States had before them was the relations be tween capital and labor. An Impor tant, responsible, and well-informed American gentleman had told him that our British laws in respect to trade combinations were more favorable to such combinations than the laws of the United States. The people there would fight out the tremendous battle under conditions quite differeut from those under which it had been fought here. Another serious, suggestive and ap parently almost Insoluble problem In the United States was the enormous multiplication and gradual advance northward of the freed black popu lation of the south. If that movement went on there might at the end of this century be a population of some thing like 00,000,000 or even 80,000,000 of colored people in the United States. That was the retribution that followed vrong. What did it come from? ' '. 'leans were brought into the South- n states exploiting land much as Mnese were now being? brought into Jouth Africa to work the mines. Peo ria might have to wait even 50 or 100 .ears before heaven sent in the bill, but what sort of eventful Inrvest could be expected when the founda tions of a state were laid upon an In ferior civilization? We were, by the Importation of Chinese labor, chang ing the base and foundation of our stale in South Afrioi. Some day the white men there v.-or, Id have to pay the penalty of folly or wrong now being perpetrated. "He had expected to find in the United States a good deal of Indiffer ence to the friendship of this country, but he found that the people unmis takably viewed us with feelings of both esteem and friendship. That feeling could only be endangered by setting uo a scientific tariff and dis criminating against the United States. We owed the most friendly feeling of the United States largely to the fact that thirty years ago a great, liberal leader, with the liberal party behind him, submitted to arbitration a burn ing dispute between America and ourselves. Canada abounded In In tel, sting questions with many .under cu rents which before he had scarce ly realized. Nothing struck one mors among the population of that great province than the fervor with which the British section gloried in connec tion with Great Britain, or the con tentment with the French and Cath olic section also accepted the same generous rule. There was in the do minion' a community of which we might well be proud, and as to whose future we were bound to entertain, as he hmself did entertain, the most nangulno hopes. James Lawrence. James Lawrence was born in Bur lington, N. J., in 17S1, and was active in the war with Tripoli. He was com mander of the Hornet when she cap tured the Peacock in an engagement which lasted fifteen minutes, with the loss of one American dead and two wounded. Ho was given command of the Chesapeake, which was being repaired lit Boston harbor. Lawrence assumed command with extreme reluctance. It was toward the beginning of sum mer, with thousands crowding the hill and points of advantage and peering through' glasses at the ships that the battle was opened by the fire of the Shannon. Great damage was done by the return broadside of the Chesa peake. The first fire severely wound ed Lawrence in the leg, but he refused to go below . Then the firing became so close and rapid that most of the American officers wero wounded or killed. When Lawrence formed his men after the two vessels had fouled, the bugler could not be found. It was at this critical moment that Lawrence was fatally wounded and carried be low. He kept calling from the bow sprit to the men to fight harder. Ills last words, often repented ware, "Don't glvo up the ship!" Mini's capacity for suffering in creases ad he becomes civilized. BUI Close to Eeccnd When Ships Under Construction Are Completed. The public may be surprised to learn that when all the new shlpa are in commission, the navy will coat $77,000,000 annually, for maintenance. Yet. if the public had kept themselves Informed as to the number of now shins and the cost of keeping them afloat they would have been prepared for such an estimate. The original expenditure on a vessel Is but tho be ginning of a continuing outlay. With nearly a thousand men comprising its crew and Its great appetite for coal and other supplies, a battleship is an expensive darling. It is time to slop speaking of tho American navy as good hut. small. It Is big as well as good. Rapid progress has been made. A few years ago ,at the time of the Spanish-American war, we had but four flrst-clara bat tleships the Oregon, the Indiana, tho Iowa, and the Massachusetts and one second-class one the Texas. Now we have In commission and under construction no less than twenty-six battleships, all of the first class ex cept one. In ISPjt our armored cruis ers were but two the Brooklyn and the New York; now. In commission or under construction, are twelve. The habit has been to give battleships and armored cruisers the names of states to which there are but two exceptions. Some oilier naming sys tem will need to bo devised for only I eight states are now unhonored, and two battleships which tho present congress is expected to authorize will reduce the list to six. While tho ex pansion has been principally in ar mored vessels, the building of cruls- ere, gunboat end torpedo boats ha3 j not been neglected. In 1S08 the United States naval power, on paper, was reckoned only equal to that of Spain. We were be hind Great Britain, France, Germany, Uussia, and Italy. With the new ships under construction completed , we will be close to second. France has twenty-eight first-class battle- j ships, but a number of these are out cf date. Germany has twenty, and al- ' though she Is steadily building she ' will hardly catch up. Ill fortune In the Far East has reduced Russia below ; us, and Italy has dropped out of the naval competition. It is not unlikely that the American navy could meet on equal terms any navy in the world j except that of Great Britain, no long er considered a possible enemy. The cost of the new navy. Includ ing maintenance and construction, Is now well over $100,000,000 annually. Yet there is no kind of appropriation voted by congress with greater alac rity or more popular with tho people. There lingers some of tho old preju dice against a large military estab lishment, but millions are cheerfully given for ships. The instinct of the people is wise. Tho wars of tho future at least any one in which we may be engaged will be decided on tlie sea rather than on the land. Sea power has ulroady had great influence in history; it la destined to havo more. V V Morgan G. Bulkeley, Succeeds J. R. Hawley as United States Senator from Connecticut, has been active In Connecticut politics for many years. He was Governor of the state from 1889 to 1893 and was for eight years Mayor of Hartford. He comes from a noted Connecticut family, founded by the Ilev. Peter Bulkeley, who landed in New England from England in 1C31. A New "Mountain of Light." Pretoria is more excited than it was when Lord Roberts's muddy legions appeared at Its gate. And well it may be. In Its environs, according to a dispatch from Johannesburg, the greatest gem that the eyes of man have ever rested upon has been pick ed up. A pure white diamond of 3.032 karats! The Kohinoor, in its most glorious stage, weighs but 794 karats, and now weighs but 102. The Orloff weighs 195. The Regent weighs 13C, and is worth $2,500,000. As the value of each karat generally rises In pro portion to the Bize of the stone, the value of the Pretoria gem must run far up Into the millions. Provided there is anyone to buy It Customers for $5,000,000 diamonds rt-. not grow on every bush. An Amor' can destination for this Risen Sun o Africa is strongly indicated by tie circumstances. The possession o' earth's greatest gem would bo a dis tinction which almost any one of our multi-millionaires might covet. It would look well in a $J,0fl0,00u Flit avenuo residence, evon though it, wero worth more than tho whole house. Some strenuous hunters make a spe cially of bunting easy Jobs. i mM Learn Spanish Easily and Adapt Themselves to Conditions. HIGH SCALE OF WAGES No Place For a Poor Man Who Is Not a Specialist Best Salaries and Steadiest Employment Given Young Men With Trades Advice to Permanent Settlers. What opportunities does Mexico of fer to the young American who wants to come here to grow up with the country ? This is a question that modern Mexico and people who live I here lire asked a great many times every year. I Iu a new country where laws, cus- j tonts, in fact, almost every condition differ in so many material points with those of the Northern states, young men more quickly adapt themselves to the changed conditions, and they learn Spanish more readily. It must be remembered, however, that the number of positions open to English-speaking foreigners is limited. In the great field of general office work there is scarcely one opportunity in a thousand of them. In the first place, the laws of the country require that. books be kept in Spanish, and It naturally requires a thorough knowl edge of the language to enable an American to safely handle a set of Spcnish accounts. Furthermore, tho tendency of the great bulk of tho yov.ng men in Mexico is toward the professions and clerical work, and the foreigner is seldom able or willing to compete with the native scale of wrses. The best salaries and the steadiest employment are found by the young Americans who are masters of some practical trade. If they are thorough ly equipped in some profession and are willing to work up as they prove their worth they can frequently get a start. It must bo remembered that the field for Americans In Mexico Is not as wide as the population fig ures indicate. Beside the Mexicans themselves there are many other nationalities in business here, and each naturally favors the capable men of Its own race first. It is not entirely a fair comparison, because there are so many more skilled artis ans in every branch of industry iu the United States than in Mexico, but It will, nevertheless, assist in the ap preciation of the condition in which an American would find himself in Mexico if he will imagine the case of a foreigner in the Uiuted States. Suppose a youngticrinau or Frenchman were suddenly dropped down in your community without a knowledge of English, and without a particular training in any practical line, what would be his chances of securing work other than inunuul labor; , American iu Mexico would, as a rule fare better; yet his opportunities for usefulness are very limited. Ho can not sell goods to Spanish-speaking people, aud he cannot direct Spanish speaking labor and even in the larger cities the English-speaking foreigners constitute only about 1 per cent of this population. Modern Mexico has always urged young Americans to come to this country when they came properly equipped, or when the opportunity is really offered them. If a position . with any degree of permanency is I open to you, take it. If you know both ' English and Spanish and are a first class stenographer, or a practical min- j ing or electrical engineer, or a com- , petent machinist or mechanic, you : can doubtless get a position in Mex- j ico in a reasonably short time. It Is dangerous to come to a new, country j and location in any event without a little capital to support yourself whilo seeking a position. He who would come without these special qualifica tions should have a capital of at least $.r00 to $1,000 In American money In order to support himself during a period in which he may become ac quainted with his new location and secure a rudimentary knowledge of the language. In a word, Mexico Is a very poor place for a poor man who is not a spe cialist. General office men can be had by the carload for one hundred dol lars a month, while an American girl, who Is a graduate trained nurse, guts $10 a day with board and lodging. Ordinary clerks are paid from $40 to $100 a month, while a competent two language stenographer commands from $200 to $300. To the young man who knows bis trade or business thor oughly, who will come to Mexico de termined to master Spanish, and who Is willing to work for a few years as hard as It would be necessary for him to do at home where there Is more competition, we would have no hesitancy In saying come to Mexico. Laws Made to be Broken. When Sir William Van Home was president of tho Canadian Pacific Rail way the racing of that road's and the Grand Trunk trains into Montreal was a constant source of complaint on the pert of the public, who alleged that they were thus put In danger dally. Agitation grew hot and finally the city passed an ordinance to prohibit the custom. Then Von Home called his engineers together oue morning and read them tho ordinance. "Now," said he, "that's the law. As such you've got to obey it. I shall suspend any engineer who breaks it. That's all I've got to say except this:! Heaven help the engineer who lets ft Grand Trunk train beat him into thii city!" Many a man nsks questions, merely for an excuse to air his own opinio.i.-. Thoroughly Familiar With all Or. chestra Instruments. To tho eye of tho audience the con cert muster so we somewhat utilu U.lligently translute the German word Konzertmelster, Ignoring the more de scriptive French nanio of chef d'nt taque Is the man who plays at the forefront of the first violins at the left of the conductor. But ho is a much more Important personage than that fact alone would Imply. Now, the Importance of the concert-master's function depends on a number of things, lurgely the nature and habits of the conductor, and the personal force of the concert-master himself. It is rather the fashion nowadays to try to belittle the Importance of the concert-master, as a result of the growth in the artistic position oj" the conductor. But where the best rela tions exist, ,the concert-master is giv en a responsible burden In tho carrying on of tho orchestra. He is, In a way, the autocratic conductor's grand vizier his executive officer, one of his chief means of making effective his wishes; and, where the right relation exists, his best friend and right hand man. His functions resemble those of a coiistittitloiu.1 monarch's prime min ister. The king can do no wrong. If all goes well in the orchestra. It is tho conductor's achievement; If any thing goo:; .'Kuiss, it is very likely to bo tho concert-master's fault. He rr.ust always see that all tho instru ments nre In tune with one another before rehearsals and concerts bein. In most cases he Fees that the violin parts are properly marked for bowing and phras'lng which he determines hir.irolf, in order that all shall play nlii.e though not always Is unifor mity of bowlnr considered Indis pensable. If there Is a misunder standing between the conductor and a player, the concert-master's good ofHr.c.i nre Invaluable in setting It right. He ndvises the conductor as to the deficiencies or excellences of fndivldr.nl players, and may often be called upon to assist in engaging now men. If the conductor makes a mis tal e- and even the greatest conduc tor does the concert-master Is there to see that the force of It is broken in some way. Few conductors are thoroughly familiar with the details of the technic; and the limitations of all the orchestral instruments, their possibilities In the way of phrasing and the production of special effects; for, though most conductors have be gun their careers as performers upon some instrument, their playing days are past and they have other things to think of. So, if the conductor gives a direction as to phrasing or accentu ation that is impracticable, or if he demands something that cannot be done, the concert-master must be ready, after the rehearsal, to explain to tho bewildered or derisive player that he is not to understand thus and so exactly us lie thought, but rather this n:id that, which waa what tho conductor reully meant; and likewise adroitly to Intimate to the mistaken autocrat that some slight modification of his desires would tie advisable. Ij case of direct need, should con ductor and orchestra lose touch with each other in a public performance, tho concert mas'er must divine the can.-!; of the trouble and, through his intimacy with t ho men and his knowl edge of the conductor's wishes as well as of the score, bring them together again with tho sound of his instru ment, at a critical moment more po tent than the conductor's stick. Or, should a soloist miss a cue or make a false entrance, he must, if possible, give such a hint or catch up such a missing strand as shall set the un lucky one right. In short, his office is of an importance to the prosperity of tho orchestra only less than that of the conductor himself. It may be enslly seen how valuable a man of force and tact, of accomplished mu sicianship and fertile resource, may be in such a place, or how futile one must be who has not these qualities. Century. Senator Moses E. Clapp, Who has been named by the Min nesota legislature to succeed himself In the United States senate. Bamboos Grow Best at Night. The growth of the giant bamboos of the East Indies is so rapid that a difference In the rate of increase be tween day and night can be observed. According to a paper in the "Annals", the growth is more rapid at night, be cause tho air is more charged l:! moisture than In the daytime. Ex change. Distance of the Stars. Scientists roughly calculate, from the data so far available, that the stars of the Milky Way are situated from lOO.OOO.imu to 200,0(10,000 times as far away from us as the sun Is. Tho letter candor's wliisilo is a pos tal note. Everlasting Reward for Bloody Death Not Promised. BUDDHISM REAL RELIGION Cool Courage, But Not Rashness Dis tinguishes the Most Scientific Warfare Evar Yet Waged Jap anese Pride of Heart and Surface Humility Admirable Qualities. "They fight like fanatics," seems to have become a stereotyped phrase on the lips of all traveling Americans In the Far East whenever they refer to tho remarkable feats at arms of tho Japanese. My personal observations have led me to the opinion that the origin of the expression lies In tho occidental Idea that the Japanese are a semi-barbaric race, with a heathen religion holding forth to warped and misguided Intellects promises of everlasting re ward for bloody death. Cause for the remark is more diffi cult to discover, and It would be In teresting to know whether it is not duo, in some degree, to tho patroniz ing pride of the white man toward all others not of his color. "Fighting fanaticism" suggests the running amuck of the Mohammedan who wildly, blindly kills In order that for each thrust his future re ward In heavenly bliss may bo the richer. There is no such spirit in tho Jap anese army absolutely nothing. Shlntoism Iho Imperial religion, or philosophy Is a reverencing of the emperor and of one's ancestors. It teaches that the highest duty of every man Is to his country. Buddhism, the real religion of Japan, Is distinctly pacific In Its teachings. What we do find in the Japanese soldier is love of country and n will ingness to shed his last drop of blood to preserve Its honor and the honor of his emperor. Almost every Japanese Boldler knows Iho clognn of tho lead ers. "We are fighting a battle for tho benefit of the world, for the open door of commerce in the Orient." Ho be lieves that if he fails the national existence of Japan will ceaso. Ha fights, not to pay the price of a future life in his own blood, but to preserve that which is dearer than life, for his emperor, for his leaders and for pos terity Japan for the Japanese. The sentiment is one which has been hon ored by us from the dawning of our civilization. The strategy, tactics and Individual conduct of the soldier are all against the assumption of fighting fanaticism. Perhaps no army has ever taken the field whose movements were so large ly on the lines prescribed for scien tific warfare. Grand strategy Is worked out to tho minutest detail. The tactics adopted havo in view the least sacrifice of life possible for a given result.. No one has ever seen the Japanese engago in such dare-devil charges as the British made in South Africa, for example, where thousands of men went forward in rushes In' the open, and yet no one cried "fanaticism" in speaking of them. The carping critic might say; "Humph! The Japaneso learned what not to do from the British." The Japanese soldier often secures his development and general align mentif the advance is made In day light Just ousidu the zone of rifle fire, and when the forward begins tho line breaks up irregularly, taking to ditches, gulches, ravines, under brush and growing crops to any cover which will hide the men. They rush forward singly und In bunches, every man knowing approximately his destination before the enemy's lines, and unless stopped by a bullet ho goes there. There Is no fanaticism in this intrepid but intelligent indi vidual bravery. The first line may have to wait for a second or a third line of men before there is sufficient strength for the final charge. It is then that a wild rush is mude over the short intervening space through shuddering ritle fire, and the Japanese soldier accomplishes the feat hither to supposed to be impossible with modern weapons of a hand-to-hand combat with fixed bayouots and club bed guns. It Is true that Japanese officers com mit suicide when they believe they have disgraced themselves by failure, when they are so cruelly wounded that death will ensue, or when they have been captured. This is a matter of ethical training, a punishment self inflicted to escape disgrace or to end useless suffering. It has no more to do with religion than has the act of the defaulting cashier at home who blows out his brains. The word "cocky" implies arro gance and ostentation, qualities never present on the surface at least In the Japanese. If "cocky" suggests that the Jap anese have confidence in their coun try aud llioir future, that they have a personal pride and a prldo of na tion, then perhaps no people are more "cocky" aud exhibit It less. No one has ever heard a Japanese officer ussunie a boastful tone; on the contrary, in speaking of the war, he usually deprecates the efforts of his people and gives hearty credit to Rus sia's brave soldiers. They are proud of their past civil ization und of their present advance ment, 'id do not look upon the kilter as sui'iiiislng. When .lupan's statesmen say, "We are a hi tie nation and a poor one, but we tumlc wo can maintain i li,;ui ing foi v "f :im,000 soldiers in actual war lur I wo or three years," il is well i ,iy heed and admire, lor Uih Will v., ii. "Great Britain's Work in India is Righteous and it Shall Endure." Jord Cuiv.on, Viceroy of India, writes in World's Work a brilliant forecast of "The Future of British In dia." After a profound review of In dia's strategic importance to tho Brit ish Empire, of the vast difficulties and responsibilities of her administration, and of the progress mnde In Improv ing the conditions of lire there, Urd Curzun sums up the destiny of Britain In India In these prophetic words: It Is seventeen years since I first visited India; It Is fourteen years since I first had the honor of being connected with Its administration. In dia was the first love, and throughout all that time it has been the main love of my political lifo. I have given It some of my best years. Perhaps I may bo privileged to give It yet more. But no man could do this unless he saw before India a larger vision or were himself Inspired with a fuller hope. If our empire were to end to morrow I do not think we need be ashamed of its epitaph. It would have done its duty by India and Justified I La mission to mankind. But it is not go ing to end. It Is not a moribund or ganism. It Is still in its youth, and has in It tho unexhausted purpose. I am not with the pessimists in this matter. I am not one of those who think that we have built a mere fra gile plunk between the oust and west which the roaring tides of Asia will presently sweep away. I do not think our work Is over or tint It Is drawing to an end. On the e.mtrury, as the years roll by the call seems to me more clear, the duty more imperative, the work more majestic, the g'ai more sublime. I believe that we Imv In our power to weld the pople of India to a unity greater than any they have ever heretofore dreamed of, and to give them blessings greater than any they now enjoy. Let no man ad mit the craven fear that those who havo won India cannot hold it or that we have only made India to our own or to Its unmaking. That is not the true reading of history. That Is not my forecast of the future. To me th message Is carved in granite, It is hewn out of the rock of doom our work is righteous and it shall endure. . .V Miss Pauline Morton, Daughter of the Secretary of the Navy. The Immigrant's Child. Miss Jane Addums, of Chicago, a distinguished sociologist bus proved by statistics that there Is more crime among the children of Immigrants in this country than there Is among the immigrants themselves. At first blush this fact seems to be a reproncb ad dressed to the American nation. It the children of the immigrants do not get the full measure of their criminal ity from their parents, they must owe it to the country In which they live. But Is this assumption really true? A little thought will bring tho convic tion that it is not. There is more or less criminality, or moral offense, la tent In every race. In every Individual, and this criminality or offense is, in tho case of many children of Immi grants, rapidly developed by the con ditions of life which the parents make for them on their arrival In this coun try. It is in part tho fault of the street life in crowded cities and towna to which the newly arrived proceed to condemn their children, aud In part duo to the deliberate relaxation of the parental control which existed in the old country. . Tho cause of the evil, however, Is not of so much Interest as the ques tion of its cure. There are two ways in which to work toward such a cure. One Is to multiply schools, clubs, roo reatlons and other occupations and interests that will keep the child away from the deviltry of the street The other Is to bring the parents of the children, through their accustom ed religious and social means of or ganization, to a realizing sense of the need of control. Through both of these avenues of approach the child of the immigrant may be helped by thoso who have hie welfare at heart. Lowell's Beaver Brook. The old millstones at Beaver brook reservation, Waverly, have boen care fully preserved. They are now con spicuously placed beside the road, which crosses what for so many years was known as Clematis brook, Itesearch Into their history reveals many Interesting stories of Iwell'e love for this section, which Includes th3 famous Waverly oaks. It was the favorite resort of the poet. All traces of the old mill have dis appeared, but tho old millstones that us ed to turn and crush tho grain re muln. The mill was the one referred to in Lowell's poem of "Beaver I' rook."
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers