Bl ..00r.SBURO. Pa
OUR INCREASING NAVY.
T
I
in
CONCERT-MASTER'S DUTIES.
LORD CURZON'S PROPHECY.
5
d
What He Saw in United States
and Canada.
PRAISE FOR OUR SCHOOLS
Capital and Labor The Negro Prob
lem Secular Instruction But Re
ligioua Knowledge General Two
Interesting Months For Him In the
United States.
John Morlcy, the English states
' an, publicist, and author, who re
ntly paid a two months' visit to the
lited States, spoke principally on
aerican institutions ltt an address
Uvered In Brechin, Scotland.
According to the report published In
.10 London Times he raid that he had
never spent two nioi. interesting and
stimulating months than dining his
recent visit to Cana.iu and the United
States. Vie would not pretend that in
so short a time iie had got to the bot
tom of any of the great problems to
be met with in those regions.
It was interest!!);; to him in Amer
ica to find himself in a country where
there was no Established Church, but
tbore was no country where religion
was more genuine of mere earnest.
The common schools of the United
States were practically confined to
secular Instruction, yet nowhere In
the world was religious knowledge
more general. The I'nlted States
was a country without the untold
blessings of a hereditary house of
lords, yet there was no country in the
world bo far as he knew, where the
rights of property were safer.
One of the great questions which
the democracy of the United States
had before them was the relations be
tween capital and labor. An Impor
tant, responsible, and well-informed
American gentleman had told him that
our British laws in respect to trade
combinations were more favorable
to such combinations than the laws of
the United States. The people there
would fight out the tremendous battle
under conditions quite differeut from
those under which it had been fought
here.
Another serious, suggestive and ap
parently almost Insoluble problem In
the United States was the enormous
multiplication and gradual advance
northward of the freed black popu
lation of the south. If that movement
went on there might at the end of
this century be a population of some
thing like 00,000,000 or even 80,000,000
of colored people in the United States.
That was the retribution that followed
vrong. What did it come from?
' '. 'leans were brought into the South-
n states exploiting land much as
Mnese were now being? brought into
Jouth Africa to work the mines. Peo
ria might have to wait even 50 or 100
.ears before heaven sent in the bill,
but what sort of eventful Inrvest
could be expected when the founda
tions of a state were laid upon an In
ferior civilization? We were, by the
Importation of Chinese labor, chang
ing the base and foundation of our
stale in South Afrioi. Some day the
white men there v.-or, Id have to pay
the penalty of folly or wrong now
being perpetrated.
"He had expected to find in the
United States a good deal of Indiffer
ence to the friendship of this country,
but he found that the people unmis
takably viewed us with feelings of
both esteem and friendship. That
feeling could only be endangered by
setting uo a scientific tariff and dis
criminating against the United States.
We owed the most friendly feeling of
the United States largely to the fact
that thirty years ago a great, liberal
leader, with the liberal party behind
him, submitted to arbitration a burn
ing dispute between America and
ourselves. Canada abounded In In
tel, sting questions with many .under
cu rents which before he had scarce
ly realized. Nothing struck one mors
among the population of that great
province than the fervor with which
the British section gloried in connec
tion with Great Britain, or the con
tentment with the French and Cath
olic section also accepted the same
generous rule. There was in the do
minion' a community of which we
might well be proud, and as to whose
future we were bound to entertain,
as he hmself did entertain, the most
nangulno hopes.
James Lawrence.
James Lawrence was born in Bur
lington, N. J., in 17S1, and was active
in the war with Tripoli. He was com
mander of the Hornet when she cap
tured the Peacock in an engagement
which lasted fifteen minutes, with the
loss of one American dead and two
wounded.
Ho was given command of the
Chesapeake, which was being repaired
lit Boston harbor. Lawrence assumed
command with extreme reluctance.
It was toward the beginning of sum
mer, with thousands crowding the hill
and points of advantage and peering
through' glasses at the ships that the
battle was opened by the fire of the
Shannon. Great damage was done by
the return broadside of the Chesa
peake. The first fire severely wound
ed Lawrence in the leg, but he refused
to go below . Then the firing became
so close and rapid that most of the
American officers wero wounded or
killed. When Lawrence formed his
men after the two vessels had fouled,
the bugler could not be found. It was
at this critical moment that Lawrence
was fatally wounded and carried be
low. He kept calling from the bow
sprit to the men to fight harder. Ills
last words, often repented ware,
"Don't glvo up the ship!"
Mini's capacity for suffering in
creases ad he becomes civilized.
BUI
Close to Eeccnd When Ships Under
Construction Are Completed.
The public may be surprised to
learn that when all the new shlpa
are in commission, the navy will coat
$77,000,000 annually, for maintenance.
Yet. if the public had kept themselves
Informed as to the number of now
shins and the cost of keeping them
afloat they would have been prepared
for such an estimate. The original
expenditure on a vessel Is but tho be
ginning of a continuing outlay. With
nearly a thousand men comprising its
crew and Its great appetite for coal
and other supplies, a battleship is an
expensive darling.
It is time to slop speaking of tho
American navy as good hut. small. It
Is big as well as good. Rapid progress
has been made. A few years ago ,at
the time of the Spanish-American
war, we had but four flrst-clara bat
tleships the Oregon, the Indiana, tho
Iowa, and the Massachusetts and one
second-class one the Texas. Now
we have In commission and under
construction no less than twenty-six
battleships, all of the first class ex
cept one. In ISPjt our armored cruis
ers were but two the Brooklyn and
the New York; now. In commission
or under construction, are twelve.
The habit has been to give battleships
and armored cruisers the names of
states to which there are but two
exceptions. Some oilier naming sys
tem will need to bo devised for only I
eight states are now unhonored, and
two battleships which tho present
congress is expected to authorize will
reduce the list to six. While tho ex
pansion has been principally in ar
mored vessels, the building of cruls-
ere, gunboat end torpedo boats ha3 j
not been neglected.
In 1S08 the United States naval
power, on paper, was reckoned only
equal to that of Spain. We were be
hind Great Britain, France, Germany,
Uussia, and Italy. With the new
ships under construction completed ,
we will be close to second. France
has twenty-eight first-class battle- j
ships, but a number of these are out
cf date. Germany has twenty, and al- '
though she Is steadily building she '
will hardly catch up. Ill fortune In
the Far East has reduced Russia below ;
us, and Italy has dropped out of the
naval competition. It is not unlikely
that the American navy could meet on
equal terms any navy in the world j
except that of Great Britain, no long
er considered a possible enemy.
The cost of the new navy. Includ
ing maintenance and construction, Is
now well over $100,000,000 annually.
Yet there is no kind of appropriation
voted by congress with greater alac
rity or more popular with tho people.
There lingers some of tho old preju
dice against a large military estab
lishment, but millions are cheerfully
given for ships. The instinct of the
people is wise. Tho wars of tho
future at least any one in which we
may be engaged will be decided on
tlie sea rather than on the land. Sea
power has ulroady had great influence
in history; it la destined to havo
more.
V
V
Morgan G. Bulkeley,
Succeeds J. R. Hawley as United
States Senator from Connecticut, has
been active In Connecticut politics
for many years. He was Governor of
the state from 1889 to 1893 and was
for eight years Mayor of Hartford.
He comes from a noted Connecticut
family, founded by the Ilev. Peter
Bulkeley, who landed in New England
from England in 1C31.
A New "Mountain of Light."
Pretoria is more excited than it was
when Lord Roberts's muddy legions
appeared at Its gate. And well it may
be. In Its environs, according to a
dispatch from Johannesburg, the
greatest gem that the eyes of man
have ever rested upon has been pick
ed up.
A pure white diamond of 3.032
karats! The Kohinoor, in its most
glorious stage, weighs but 794 karats,
and now weighs but 102. The Orloff
weighs 195. The Regent weighs 13C,
and is worth $2,500,000. As the value
of each karat generally rises In pro
portion to the Bize of the stone, the
value of the Pretoria gem must run
far up Into the millions.
Provided there is anyone to buy It
Customers for $5,000,000 diamonds rt-.
not grow on every bush. An Amor'
can destination for this Risen Sun o
Africa is strongly indicated by tie
circumstances. The possession o'
earth's greatest gem would bo a dis
tinction which almost any one of our
multi-millionaires might covet. It
would look well in a $J,0fl0,00u Flit
avenuo residence, evon though it, wero
worth more than tho whole house.
Some strenuous hunters make a spe
cially of bunting easy Jobs.
i mM
Learn Spanish Easily and Adapt
Themselves to Conditions.
HIGH SCALE OF WAGES
No Place For a Poor Man Who Is Not
a Specialist Best Salaries and
Steadiest Employment Given
Young Men With Trades Advice
to Permanent Settlers.
What opportunities does Mexico of
fer to the young American who wants
to come here to grow up with the
country ? This is a question that
modern Mexico and people who live I
here lire asked a great many times
every year. I
Iu a new country where laws, cus- j
tonts, in fact, almost every condition
differ in so many material points with
those of the Northern states, young
men more quickly adapt themselves
to the changed conditions, and they
learn Spanish more readily. It must
be remembered, however, that the
number of positions open to English-speaking
foreigners is limited. In
the great field of general office work
there is scarcely one opportunity in a
thousand of them. In the first
place, the laws of the country require
that. books be kept in Spanish, and It
naturally requires a thorough knowl
edge of the language to enable an
American to safely handle a set of
Spcnish accounts. Furthermore, tho
tendency of the great bulk of tho
yov.ng men in Mexico is toward the
professions and clerical work, and the
foreigner is seldom able or willing to
compete with the native scale of
wrses.
The best salaries and the steadiest
employment are found by the young
Americans who are masters of some
practical trade. If they are thorough
ly equipped in some profession and
are willing to work up as they prove
their worth they can frequently get a
start. It must bo remembered that
the field for Americans In Mexico
Is not as wide as the population fig
ures indicate. Beside the Mexicans
themselves there are many other
nationalities in business here, and
each naturally favors the capable
men of Its own race first. It is not
entirely a fair comparison, because
there are so many more skilled artis
ans in every branch of industry iu
the United States than in Mexico, but
It will, nevertheless, assist in the ap
preciation of the condition in which
an American would find himself in
Mexico if he will imagine the case of
a foreigner in the Uiuted States.
Suppose a youngticrinau or Frenchman
were suddenly dropped down in your
community without a knowledge of
English, and without a particular
training in any practical line, what
would be his chances of securing
work other than inunuul labor; ,
American iu Mexico would, as a rule
fare better; yet his opportunities for
usefulness are very limited. Ho can
not sell goods to Spanish-speaking
people, aud he cannot direct Spanish
speaking labor and even in the larger
cities the English-speaking foreigners
constitute only about 1 per cent of
this population.
Modern Mexico has always urged
young Americans to come to this
country when they came properly
equipped, or when the opportunity is
really offered them. If a position .
with any degree of permanency is I
open to you, take it. If you know both '
English and Spanish and are a first
class stenographer, or a practical min- j
ing or electrical engineer, or a com- ,
petent machinist or mechanic, you :
can doubtless get a position in Mex- j
ico in a reasonably short time. It Is
dangerous to come to a new, country j
and location in any event without a
little capital to support yourself whilo
seeking a position. He who would
come without these special qualifica
tions should have a capital of at least
$.r00 to $1,000 In American money In
order to support himself during a
period in which he may become ac
quainted with his new location and
secure a rudimentary knowledge of
the language.
In a word, Mexico Is a very poor
place for a poor man who is not a spe
cialist. General office men can be had
by the carload for one hundred dol
lars a month, while an American girl,
who Is a graduate trained nurse, guts
$10 a day with board and lodging.
Ordinary clerks are paid from $40 to
$100 a month, while a competent two
language stenographer commands
from $200 to $300. To the young man
who knows bis trade or business thor
oughly, who will come to Mexico de
termined to master Spanish, and who
Is willing to work for a few years
as hard as It would be necessary for
him to do at home where there Is
more competition, we would have no
hesitancy In saying come to Mexico.
Laws Made to be Broken.
When Sir William Van Home was
president of tho Canadian Pacific Rail
way the racing of that road's and the
Grand Trunk trains into Montreal was
a constant source of complaint on the
pert of the public, who alleged that
they were thus put In danger dally.
Agitation grew hot and finally the
city passed an ordinance to prohibit
the custom. Then Von Home called
his engineers together oue morning
and read them tho ordinance. "Now,"
said he, "that's the law. As such
you've got to obey it. I shall suspend
any engineer who breaks it. That's
all I've got to say except this:!
Heaven help the engineer who lets ft
Grand Trunk train beat him into thii
city!"
Many a man nsks questions, merely
for an excuse to air his own opinio.i.-.
Thoroughly Familiar With all Or.
chestra Instruments.
To tho eye of tho audience the con
cert muster so we somewhat utilu
U.lligently translute the German word
Konzertmelster, Ignoring the more de
scriptive French nanio of chef d'nt
taque Is the man who plays at the
forefront of the first violins at the left
of the conductor. But ho is a much
more Important personage than that
fact alone would Imply. Now, the
Importance of the concert-master's
function depends on a number of
things, lurgely the nature and habits
of the conductor, and the personal
force of the concert-master himself.
It is rather the fashion nowadays to
try to belittle the Importance of the
concert-master, as a result of the
growth in the artistic position oj" the
conductor. But where the best rela
tions exist, ,the concert-master is giv
en a responsible burden In tho carrying
on of tho orchestra. He is, In a way,
the autocratic conductor's grand vizier
his executive officer, one of his chief
means of making effective his wishes;
and, where the right relation exists,
his best friend and right hand man.
His functions resemble those of a
coiistittitloiu.1 monarch's prime min
ister. The king can do no wrong.
If all goes well in the orchestra. It is
tho conductor's achievement; If any
thing goo:; .'Kuiss, it is very likely to
bo tho concert-master's fault. He
rr.ust always see that all tho instru
ments nre In tune with one another
before rehearsals and concerts bein.
In most cases he Fees that the violin
parts are properly marked for bowing
and phras'lng which he determines
hir.irolf, in order that all shall play
nlii.e though not always Is unifor
mity of bowlnr considered Indis
pensable. If there Is a misunder
standing between the conductor and
a player, the concert-master's good
ofHr.c.i nre Invaluable in setting It
right. He ndvises the conductor as
to the deficiencies or excellences of
fndivldr.nl players, and may often be
called upon to assist in engaging now
men. If the conductor makes a mis
tal e- and even the greatest conduc
tor does the concert-master Is there
to see that the force of It is broken
in some way. Few conductors are
thoroughly familiar with the details
of the technic; and the limitations of
all the orchestral instruments, their
possibilities In the way of phrasing
and the production of special effects;
for, though most conductors have be
gun their careers as performers upon
some instrument, their playing days
are past and they have other things
to think of. So, if the conductor gives
a direction as to phrasing or accentu
ation that is impracticable, or if he
demands something that cannot be
done, the concert-master must be
ready, after the rehearsal, to explain
to tho bewildered or derisive player
that he is not to understand thus and
so exactly us lie thought, but rather
this n:id that, which waa what tho
conductor reully meant; and likewise
adroitly to Intimate to the mistaken
autocrat that some slight modification
of his desires would tie advisable.
Ij case of direct need, should con
ductor and orchestra lose touch with
each other in a public performance,
tho concert mas'er must divine the
can.-!; of the trouble and, through his
intimacy with t ho men and his knowl
edge of the conductor's wishes as well
as of the score, bring them together
again with tho sound of his instru
ment, at a critical moment more po
tent than the conductor's stick. Or,
should a soloist miss a cue or make a
false entrance, he must, if possible,
give such a hint or catch up such a
missing strand as shall set the un
lucky one right. In short, his office
is of an importance to the prosperity
of tho orchestra only less than that of
the conductor himself. It may be
enslly seen how valuable a man of
force and tact, of accomplished mu
sicianship and fertile resource, may
be in such a place, or how futile one
must be who has not these qualities.
Century.
Senator Moses E. Clapp,
Who has been named by the Min
nesota legislature to succeed himself
In the United States senate.
Bamboos Grow Best at Night.
The growth of the giant bamboos
of the East Indies is so rapid that a
difference In the rate of increase be
tween day and night can be observed.
According to a paper in the "Annals",
the growth is more rapid at night, be
cause tho air is more charged l:!
moisture than In the daytime. Ex
change. Distance of the Stars.
Scientists roughly calculate, from
the data so far available, that the
stars of the Milky Way are situated
from lOO.OOO.imu to 200,0(10,000 times
as far away from us as the sun Is.
Tho letter candor's wliisilo is a pos
tal note.
Everlasting Reward for Bloody
Death Not Promised.
BUDDHISM REAL RELIGION
Cool Courage, But Not Rashness Dis
tinguishes the Most Scientific
Warfare Evar Yet Waged Jap
anese Pride of Heart and Surface
Humility Admirable Qualities.
"They fight like fanatics," seems
to have become a stereotyped phrase
on the lips of all traveling Americans
In the Far East whenever they refer
to tho remarkable feats at arms of
tho Japanese.
My personal observations have led
me to the opinion that the origin of
the expression lies In tho occidental
Idea that the Japanese are a semi-barbaric
race, with a heathen religion
holding forth to warped and misguided
Intellects promises of everlasting re
ward for bloody death.
Cause for the remark is more diffi
cult to discover, and It would be In
teresting to know whether it is not
duo, in some degree, to tho patroniz
ing pride of the white man toward all
others not of his color.
"Fighting fanaticism" suggests the
running amuck of the Mohammedan
who wildly, blindly kills In order
that for each thrust his future re
ward In heavenly bliss may bo the
richer.
There is no such spirit in tho Jap
anese army absolutely nothing.
Shlntoism Iho Imperial religion, or
philosophy Is a reverencing of the
emperor and of one's ancestors. It
teaches that the highest duty of every
man Is to his country. Buddhism, the
real religion of Japan, Is distinctly
pacific In Its teachings.
What we do find in the Japanese
soldier is love of country and n will
ingness to shed his last drop of blood
to preserve Its honor and the honor of
his emperor. Almost every Japanese
Boldler knows Iho clognn of tho lead
ers. "We are fighting a battle for tho
benefit of the world, for the open door
of commerce in the Orient." Ho be
lieves that if he fails the national
existence of Japan will ceaso. Ha
fights, not to pay the price of a future
life in his own blood, but to preserve
that which is dearer than life, for his
emperor, for his leaders and for pos
terity Japan for the Japanese. The
sentiment is one which has been hon
ored by us from the dawning of our
civilization.
The strategy, tactics and Individual
conduct of the soldier are all against
the assumption of fighting fanaticism.
Perhaps no army has ever taken the
field whose movements were so large
ly on the lines prescribed for scien
tific warfare. Grand strategy Is
worked out to tho minutest detail.
The tactics adopted havo in view the
least sacrifice of life possible for a
given result..
No one has ever seen the Japanese
engago in such dare-devil charges as
the British made in South Africa, for
example, where thousands of men
went forward in rushes In' the open,
and yet no one cried "fanaticism" in
speaking of them.
The carping critic might say;
"Humph! The Japaneso learned what
not to do from the British."
The Japanese soldier often secures
his development and general align
mentif the advance is made In day
light Just ousidu the zone of rifle
fire, and when the forward begins
tho line breaks up irregularly, taking
to ditches, gulches, ravines, under
brush and growing crops to any
cover which will hide the men. They
rush forward singly und In bunches,
every man knowing approximately his
destination before the enemy's lines,
and unless stopped by a bullet ho
goes there. There Is no fanaticism
in this intrepid but intelligent indi
vidual bravery. The first line may
have to wait for a second or a third
line of men before there is sufficient
strength for the final charge. It is
then that a wild rush is mude over
the short intervening space through
shuddering ritle fire, and the Japanese
soldier accomplishes the feat hither
to supposed to be impossible with
modern weapons of a hand-to-hand
combat with fixed bayouots and club
bed guns.
It Is true that Japanese officers com
mit suicide when they believe they
have disgraced themselves by failure,
when they are so cruelly wounded
that death will ensue, or when they
have been captured. This is a matter
of ethical training, a punishment self
inflicted to escape disgrace or to end
useless suffering. It has no more to
do with religion than has the act of
the defaulting cashier at home who
blows out his brains.
The word "cocky" implies arro
gance and ostentation, qualities never
present on the surface at least In
the Japanese.
If "cocky" suggests that the Jap
anese have confidence in their coun
try aud llioir future, that they have
a personal pride and a prldo of na
tion, then perhaps no people are more
"cocky" aud exhibit It less.
No one has ever heard a Japanese
officer ussunie a boastful tone; on the
contrary, in speaking of the war, he
usually deprecates the efforts of his
people and gives hearty credit to Rus
sia's brave soldiers.
They are proud of their past civil
ization und of their present advance
ment, 'id do not look upon the kilter
as sui'iiiislng.
When .lupan's statesmen say, "We
are a hi tie nation and a poor one,
but we tumlc wo can maintain i li,;ui
ing foi v "f :im,000 soldiers in actual
war lur I wo or three years," il is
well i ,iy heed and admire, lor Uih
Will v., ii.
"Great Britain's Work in India is
Righteous and it Shall Endure."
Jord Cuiv.on, Viceroy of India,
writes in World's Work a brilliant
forecast of "The Future of British In
dia." After a profound review of In
dia's strategic importance to tho Brit
ish Empire, of the vast difficulties and
responsibilities of her administration,
and of the progress mnde In Improv
ing the conditions of lire there, Urd
Curzun sums up the destiny of Britain
In India In these prophetic words:
It Is seventeen years since I first
visited India; It Is fourteen years
since I first had the honor of being
connected with Its administration. In
dia was the first love, and throughout
all that time it has been the main love
of my political lifo. I have given It
some of my best years. Perhaps I
may bo privileged to give It yet more.
But no man could do this unless he
saw before India a larger vision or
were himself Inspired with a fuller
hope. If our empire were to end to
morrow I do not think we need be
ashamed of its epitaph. It would have
done its duty by India and Justified I La
mission to mankind. But it is not go
ing to end. It Is not a moribund or
ganism. It Is still in its youth, and
has in It tho unexhausted purpose.
I am not with the pessimists in this
matter. I am not one of those who
think that we have built a mere fra
gile plunk between the oust and west
which the roaring tides of Asia will
presently sweep away. I do not think
our work Is over or tint It Is drawing
to an end. On the e.mtrury, as the
years roll by the call seems to me
more clear, the duty more imperative,
the work more majestic, the g'ai
more sublime. I believe that we Imv
In our power to weld the pople of
India to a unity greater than any they
have ever heretofore dreamed of, and
to give them blessings greater than
any they now enjoy. Let no man ad
mit the craven fear that those who
havo won India cannot hold it or that
we have only made India to our own
or to Its unmaking. That is not the true
reading of history. That Is not my
forecast of the future. To me th
message Is carved in granite, It is
hewn out of the rock of doom our
work is righteous and it shall endure.
. .V
Miss Pauline Morton,
Daughter of the Secretary of the
Navy.
The Immigrant's Child.
Miss Jane Addums, of Chicago, a
distinguished sociologist bus proved
by statistics that there Is more crime
among the children of Immigrants in
this country than there Is among the
immigrants themselves. At first blush
this fact seems to be a reproncb ad
dressed to the American nation. It
the children of the immigrants do not
get the full measure of their criminal
ity from their parents, they must owe
it to the country In which they live.
But Is this assumption really true?
A little thought will bring tho convic
tion that it is not. There is more or
less criminality, or moral offense, la
tent In every race. In every Individual,
and this criminality or offense is, in
tho case of many children of Immi
grants, rapidly developed by the con
ditions of life which the parents make
for them on their arrival In this coun
try. It is in part tho fault of the
street life in crowded cities and towna
to which the newly arrived proceed to
condemn their children, aud In part
duo to the deliberate relaxation of
the parental control which existed in
the old country. .
Tho cause of the evil, however, Is
not of so much Interest as the ques
tion of its cure. There are two ways
in which to work toward such a cure.
One Is to multiply schools, clubs, roo
reatlons and other occupations and
interests that will keep the child
away from the deviltry of the street
The other Is to bring the parents of
the children, through their accustom
ed religious and social means of or
ganization, to a realizing sense of the
need of control.
Through both of these avenues of
approach the child of the immigrant
may be helped by thoso who have hie
welfare at heart.
Lowell's Beaver Brook.
The old millstones at Beaver brook
reservation, Waverly, have boen care
fully preserved. They are now con
spicuously placed beside the road,
which crosses what for so many years
was known as Clematis brook,
Itesearch Into their history reveals
many Interesting stories of Iwell'e
love for this section, which Includes
th3 famous Waverly oaks. It was the
favorite resort of the poet.
All traces of the old mill have dis
appeared, but tho old millstones that
us ed to turn and crush tho grain re
muln. The mill was the one referred
to in Lowell's poem of "Beaver
I' rook."