it? 4 1 mSTOllIAN AT WOKK i ItWhat He Found Out About Early ! Roads la America. I H'aahlnatnn U na Deepl? Interested sa the Comal motion of Solid lllHhTTar nthnnn'a Tart la the Agitation. Special Washington Letter ! WHEN Maurice O. Kldridge was uctlng director of the olllce of public rouu inquiries for the lcpartnieot of agriculture be made a atudy of the history of highway con struction lu our republic, and the re mit of his research were given to-day, Jq brief, for the Information of the readers of this newspaper. The sentiment expressed by Mr. EI 2ridge will meet with general approval: "If our first settlors had arrived when the Roman empire was at the zenith f Its g'.ory, our republic would now b bound together with a perfect sys tem of magnificently constructed lighways." True, the Romans were food road builders, the first and the greatest of whom we have history. The expansion of that empire made fnoi roads as necessary as soldiers and statesmen. The mighty legions of Koine required good roads for troops and impedimenta; also for couriers, civil and military. The cavalry and chariots, the big catapults, the am munition wagons and supply wagons were heavier than those used by mod ern armies. Moreover, Home was a trafficker, and as Industrious in sprend 5nr her commerce as the Yankee na tion of this present day; and good roads were necessary for commerce. But Rome was declining when this continent was discovered and settled. The immigrants came from Kuglnnd and France mostly, countries which still used road systems Inherited from the dark and illiterate ages. Naturally our first settlers knew nothinir of road Imnding, for they had received no In struction to that end. For more than a century after the settlement at Plymouth Kock no ef forts were systematically made to pre tnre roads over which passengers or supplies could be safely transported. Each individual blazed his way, as did the Indians before them. They clung close to seashore and streams, thereby maintaining personal and commercial CROSSING ON OLD CUMBERLAND relations by means of sailboats or row- ttfvtn. TterniiRp nf the scores or hun ' -1 i?a rf mttpa Viptwfpn Re 1 1 lellien t S - . , . there was, there could have been no concerted systematic attempt at good road building. Indeed it may be said that full four centuries elapsed before tlie government undertook this work Jor tne whole country. It was not until 1S11 that a great American road was surveyed by com netent engineers, and that is now toown as the "Old York road," be cause It connects New York and rhil delphia. Thus you see that the rcvo lutionary war was fought by armies Tahich traveled helter skelter without grood roads and sometimes with only Iidian trails from point to point, now they ever managed to keep their regi ments and brigades in alignment is a Mrale to modern military minds. And not only the revolutionary war, but the war of 1812 was fought by armies sim ilarly handicapped by crude and prim itive means of transportation. Sailroad building to-day is not so ex rxasive as good road making was In ' v l those days, when money was scarce ana property oi lnnnueiy less vniur. It was a great undertaking tobuild the Jtd York road, and was intensely Inter esting to the people of that generation, s was the building of railroads across ( i; ,1 At prairies known as "the great Amer ican desert," and over the pathless fiocky mountains 40 years ago and less. The hlstorv of roads, including rail- roads, is the history of civilization. This is true of the whole jworld, as it is In our country. ' As an example of how our colonial ; J leaders were slowly feeling their way , i this subject, here is an extract from ' I a letter written November 30, 1785, by "jCeorge Washington to Gov. Patrick '.Henry of Virginia: . 4 "Do you not think, my dear sir, that the "credit, the savtnif and convenience of this eoontry all require that our great roads ' trading from one place to another should : fea straightened, shortened and establlehed 5 jr law, and the power In the county courts ' ) alter them be withdrawn? To me these ' talags seem Indispensably necessary, and ' ti Is my opinion that they will take place A time." , Does it not seem strange that the , ;f great Washington knew so little of Rood roads? lie was reaching out into j'tfca dark, for he knew not exactly what. jXe entertained the opinion that the awaking of good roads "will take place time." lie was right; but it was a sL-Hery long- time after he had studied rlt&t subject and many years after he i rtras dead, tor be bad been in his grave ) i years when the Old York road 'was taken under serious consideration- ! The peopl in the states where no , -fbad tax is paid by the farmers, who !?i,rk out" tbelr share on the roads, will be Interested in the following opinion of Washington In the same letter! "Repairs by contract would be less burthensome. In this case the contractor would meet with no favor; every man In the district would give Information of neglects; whereas neg ligence under the present system Is winked at by tHe only people who know the pnrtleulnrs or can inform agnlnst the overseers." If Washington had been writing nbmit farmers in Illi nois, Iowa and other prairie states he could not have hit the nail on the head any harder than that. The first turnpike rnnd built by cor porate interests was the Wilderness turnpike, from the Shenandoah valley, Virginia, over the Allegheny moun tains at Cumberland flap, to central Kentucky. This road had toll gates 1 MUDKKN HOAD MAKING. (Preparing (Jovrrnment Sample Koad at Hot Springs, Va.). TO miles upart, where tolls of two dol lars were collected from every travel er. The next good road constructed was the Lancaster and l'hiladelpliia turnpike, which is until this day an excellent work on the macadam plan. In 1H()(! the government had received over $000. two from the sale of public lands in Ohio, and the congress appro priated $110,0(10 for the beginning of the construction of the Cumberland road, from Cumberland, Md., to Wheeling, Va. This was the first national high way. It was well macadamized, the rivers and creeks were spanned by stone bridges and toll houses were sup plied with strong iron gates. Henry Clay was the chief advocate of this ROAD, SUMMEKVILLE, PA. work, and there is a monument et Wheeling commemorating his services. The doctrine of "state sovereignty," which played such an important part in all national legislation prior to 1801, operated against further appropria tions for national highways, President Monroe having vetoed a large appro priation bill for this purpose, on March 13, 1817. It is a singular fact that John C. Calhoun, chief champion of the doctrine of 'state sovereignty, had spoken and voted for that appropria tion. Rut instead of votingmoney out of the national treasury for highways, the different states were allowed cer tain percentages from the sales of pub lic lands for the purpose of building roads and levees. The Cumberland roud received annual appropriations until 1822, when President Monroe inter posed a Teto. In 1830, on similar grounds. President Jackson vetoed an act authorizing a government sub scription to stock in a turnpike com pany. On the Fourth of July, 1828, ground was broken for the beginning of the Baltimore & Ohio railroad, the cere mony being performed under the direc tion of Charles Carroll, of Currollton, the then only surviving signer of the declaration of independence. This beginning of railroad construction by the "state sovereignty" people as en argument against appropriations for turnpikes. They said that railroads would soon supersede turnpikes, any way. They were wrong, but they had their way. States and counties and cities then began local construction of roads. Thousands of miles of plank roads were built. They were popular roads for a time, particularly in the prairie states; but the planks soon rotted away, and the plank roads ceased to exist. Few people living remember them. Then came the corduroy roads. Over one of these from Cleveland to Sandusky, in 1842, Charles Dickens traveled, and his description of the journey is one of the most entertaining and amusing of his voluminous writ ings. From 1854 to 1SR0 $1X00,000 were appropriated for "military roads," principally in western territories. In this manner the friends of good roads circumvented the "state sovereignty" opponents of government appropria tions for good roads. Rut this sub ject is becoming national once more, although more than half of the states are working under good road laws. What the congress will do in the mat ter cannot be anticipated, but the de partment of agriculture has ample evi dence from all over the country thnt the people are looking for national ac tion. SMITH D. FRY. isTifestu ''-nrJ'l",- . THE COLUMBIAN, The ORIGINAL and MOST SMOKED long cut tobacco in all the United States, manufactured with the express purpose of blending the two qualities that of a good smoke and a good chew. It is made of ripe, sweetened "Bur ley," the only tobacco from which a perfect combination of smoking and chewing tobacco can be made. Gail & Ax Navy is known by t h o distinctive character of its blue wrap per (which has many imitators), it being to-day identically the same as forty years ago, and it now stands for the quality that it did then. You get the very best, and take no chances. when you buy Gail & Ax Navy. I Ft tVllllnic to Concede It. "Don't you thiuk she has a queenly figure?" "I never saw a queen, but if they weigh 200 pounds and have doubly Jhins, 1 guess she has." Cleveland Plain Dealer. On Jellies preserves and pickles, spread a tliln coating of PURE REFINED Pfl RAF FINE Willkwpthfm ftbsolutHy uiolnture and acll priHjf. Iu rltfl tied ParufiJno tit alao u ful lu a dozen otber ways about the buuou. l ull direction In acli package, hold eT try where. HUMPHREYS' Witch Hazel Oil THE PILE OINTMENT. One Application Gives Relief. It cures Piles or Hemorrhoids External or Internal, Blind or Bleeding, Itching or Burning, Fissures and Fistulas, Relief im mediatecure certain. 4 It cures Burns and Scalds. The relief instant. It cures Inflamed or Caked Breasts and Sore Nipples. Invaluable. It cures Salt Rheum, Tetters, Scurfy Eruptions, Chapped Hands, Fever Blisters, Sore Lips or Nostrils. Corns, Bunions, Sore and Chafed Feet, Stings of insects, Mosquito Bites and Sunburns. Three Sizes, 25o., 50o. and $1.00 Sold by Druggists, or sent pre-paid on receipt of price, HUMPHREYS' MED. CO., Cor. W'lliam A John 8U- NEW YORK. SHERIFF'S SALIC By virtue of a writ of Fl. Fa., Issued out of tho Court of common l'1-as of Columbia Co., Pa, nn I to me directed, there will be exposed to public s lie, at the Court House, la liloonia burg, ouunty and state aforesaid, on SATURDAY, MARCH 15, 1902, at two o'clock p. m., all that certain piece of land, situate la the Township or Hrlurcrcck, Columbia county, Pennsylvania, bounded and described as follows 1 un the north by land of Win. Schuyler, now George II. Westler, on the east by land of A. Lamon, on t.ie south by landot Oeo. Down and on the west by land of II. J. Edwards and William lllppenstuel, con taining 25 ACRES, more or less, wheroon Is erected a two-story FRAME DWELLING HOUSE, board barn, chicken house and outbuildings. There Is also a well of water at the bouse aud a small apple orchard. Hel.ed, taken la execution, at tho suit of W II. Woodln, now to th use of Henry J. Ed wards, vs. Anna M. Hitler Lynn and Levi 8. Xynn, and to be sold as the property of Anus M. Hitler Lynn. DANIEL KNOKK, Evans, att'y.' bherlff. I BLOOMSBURG, PA. mm t iWa fllllllllllllllUIUIIII 0. W.GAIL A AX 1 SJaTIMM(.MD. CHARTER NOTICE. Notice Is hereby given that an application will be made to the OJovt'rnorof tlin t omnv'n wealthnt Pennsylvania on Friday. March Jlsi. Mir.!, by Frederick H Eton, William 11 Wood In and HteriinB w. meKson, under meAcini A3, seniblv of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, entitled "An Act to provide for the Incorpora tion and reguianon ot certain corporations, approved April Kith, 1HT1, and the supplements memo, tor iiih cnaner or an imeuoea corpora tion to be called the Iterwlck Land and Im- provi'innnt Company, the character and object of which Is to purchase or lease real esia'e lin- irovcd or unimproved. Improving the same, and striding, If aMlnii and selling tlio sainn In such parts or parcels, at such price and upon such terms as may oe, determined oy tne Association, and tor these purposes to have, posscaa and en joy, all the rk'hta, bendltH and privileges of the sum Act oi Asseuioiy ami us suppiemenrf. ESSUP, 'IK,. W 87 St solicitor. EXECUTRIX'S SALE OF VALTJABL- Real ' Estate. Pursuant to an order of the Orphans' court of Columbia County, Pennsylvania, the under signed, executrix of the last will and testa ment ot Stmuel HutchlnKS, late ot Hemlock township, said county, deceased, will sell, at public sale, on the premises, on FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 28, 1902, at one o'clock p. m., the following four adjoin ing tracts of land, situate In Hemlock town ship, Columbia County, Pennsylvania, bounded and described as follows, to wit : TRACT NO. 1. Bounded on tho north by land now or late of William Branch and Philip Tubbs, on the east by land now or late of John and Sylvester Pursel, on the south by land now or late ot George Fry, and on the west try land of James Gulliver, containing i ACRE AND 80 PERCHES, strict measure TKACT NO. i Beginning at a stone eorner, In line ot land now or late of Wm. Appleman and John Kitchen; thence by land of John Kitchen south two and one-half degrees west, ninety-two and eight-tenths perches to a red oak ; thence by lands now or late of John and Sylvester Pursel south eighty-seven degrees west, tblrty-slx perches to a stone ; thence by land now or late of Philip Tabb north one-naif ot a degree east, fifteen and four-tenths perches to a stone ; thence by land of Samuel HutchlDirs' estate south eighty-nine and three fourths degrees easr, ono and five-tenths perches to a stone ; thence north three-foui tbs of a degree east, thirteen and three-tenths perches to a stone; thence north elghty-ntne and throe-fourths degrees west, twelve perches to a stone ; thence north one-half a degree east, sixty-seven perches to a stone ; thence south eighty-eight degrees east, forty-nine perches to a stone, the plaoe ot beginning, containing 25 ACRES AND 145 PERCHES, strict measure. TKACT NO. 3. Bounded on the north by other lands ot Samuel Hutehlngs' estate, on the east by the same, on the south by lands now or late of Philip Tabb, and on the west by land of Jumes Gulliver, containing i ACRE, STRICT MEASURE. TRACT NO. 4. Bounded on the north by land now or lato of Philip Tubo, on the east by otber lands of Samuel Hutcblngs' estate, on the south by the same, and on the wost by lands of James Gulliver, containing )i OF AN ACRE OF LAND. All of tne above-mentioned tracts are ad joining and will bo sold as one farm, contain ing, lu all, 33 ACRES AND 105 PERCHES of laud, on which are erected a large FRAME DWELLING HOUSE, barn and outbuildings, excellent water and good fruit, all In good state ot cultivation, ex cept a small rloce ot wood land. TERMS OF SALE: Ten per cent, of one fourth of the purchase money to be paid at the striking down of the property; the onn-fourtb less the ten per cent, at the coutlnnatloQ of sale, and the remaining three-fourths lu one year thereafter, with Interest from confirma tion nisi. ELIZABETH 1IUTCHING8, H. Mont, smith, Atfy. Executrix, U. J. I'dhskl, Auctioneer, I iSmolunilolaca): County Statement. (Continued from Page 6.J LI A BIUTIKS. Tan on Loans for I9nl. .1 So7 ) Amtt'O Bonds outstandg lo35oo 00 " outstanding orders . 19 6s " Commonwealth costs dim ... (VU is " road damn go assessed 1124 fit) " roid views .. lud 00 " duo twps from seated , antl unseated lands tax for 1HH8 and lMM collected In Hton 408 63 " due twps from seated and unsealed land taxes collected In lttol estimated .. 818 Bo -$ !0Wo9 73 ASS NTS. Amt due from collectors prior to lttol t 8700 20 " due from collector forlKol l!mr,6 37 2)1172 57 Less probable commission and exonerations.... Amt In hands nf Trens. ... " due from Slate forest fires Amt. due from Luzerno Co s sham reprs on Berwick bridge. . Amt. dun from Berwick Poor Dlst for mainten ance of Insane, CUas Longenberger ... Ami. duo frotn Hemlock Insano Wm Mullenry l:lt,8 31 1 -I 82304 26 2 My 51 200 27 71 53 205 75 1.19 50 3of, 56 t 2M7o s'i County's Indebtednew .. t SK'37 lo The two latter Items In Liabilities are in cluded In the charges of seated and unseated lands against the Treasurer In the settlement of years Ittoo and lttol and for which he Is en titled to credit from the County when the same Is paid over to the different Townships and Bnrouiihs Th foregoing Is a statement of the expendi tures for tne eounty of Columbia for tho year 1ol, which Ih hereby submitted to tho Auditors of said comity. fiKIIEMMtl KITCHEN, WM. KKK KMAUM, W. II. FISHKK, County Commissioners. Attest:-H. . VANDERSLIOE, Clerk. We, the undersigned Auditors of Columbia Count), being elected to Hdjust and settle the accounts ol the Commissioners and Treasurer of Columbia County do hercbv certify that we mef at the court House In Bloomsmi'g. Pa., on Monday, January Hth tlto, at. to o'clock a. ni. Organised a. id proceeded to audit the accounts of tho ikbovc named officers After examining and toirecting the same from January ith mot, to January ist. liio. we do certify tbt.111 to be correct as above stated. There having been several bills In the fore going statement, to which exceptions were taken, that. In our Judgment required legal ad vice, we emploved same, and have disposed of them upon his advice. . II SHARPLESS,) WM Bt'OFItr, J-Auditors. Z. A. BUTT, J SHERIFF'S SALE. By virtue of a writ of Fl. Fa. Issued out of the Court of Common Pleas of Columbia County, Pennsylvania, and to me directed there will be exposed to publlo sale at the Court House, In Bloomsburg, county and state afore said, on SATURDAY, MARCH 15, 1902, at ten o'clock a. m., all that parcel, or piece of land, situate In Benton borough. Columbia County, 1 ennsylvanla, bounded and described as follows; Beginning at a post, thence by lands ot Martha J. Mcllenry south flfty-slx de grees thlr y minutes east, four hundred thirty live and seven-tenths feet to a post; thence along land of A. Good south eight oegrees thirty minutes west, nfty-flve and two-tenths feet to a post ; thence along land ot Wm. P Robblns north fltt)-slx degrees thirty minutes west, four hundred fifty-eight and nine tenths feet to a post; thence along land of same north thirty-eight degrees thirty min utes east, fifty feet to the place of beginning, containing 8t AND 7. 10 PERCHES, whereon Is erected a two-story FRAME DWELLING HOUSE. Solzer), taken In execution, at the suit ot Tho Co-Operatlve savings and Loan Association, of Baltimore, Md., to use of Enoch Harlan and Roger T. GUI, Hoculvers, vs. tanley Hudson, and t be sold as the property of Stanley Dod son. DANIEL KNORR, Kabns, Att'y. Sheriff. AUDITOR'S NOTICE. C. C. Pbacock and L. K.I Court, of Conini Wai.i.rh Tkcstsks, I Pleasof Columbia Co., vh. Ths MaoksCak- j No. lis. December T., The undersigned Auditor, appointed bv the said court to distribute the balance of proceeds remaining In the bauds of the Sheilff from sale of real estate of the above named dfendant, will sit, at. his ofnee, In Bloomsburg, Pa., on Tuesday, March i8tb, i'Mri, at ten o'clock a. m., tor tne performance 01 his uuties wnen auu where all persons hxvlug claims upon said fund must appear andpr-sent the same, or be tar ever debarred from any share thereof. 2 So 4t J. B. ROUlsoN, Auditor. DIVORCE NOTICE. To Honora Telller, late of Bloomsburg, Colum bia County, Pennsylvania: Whereas, Frank Tollier, your husband, has flled a libel In the Court of Common Pleasof against you Now you are hereby notified and required to appear In said court on the first .Monday or May, a. i. iwt to anawrr iu uuin rjlaluts of the said ? rank Telller. and In default of such anbearance you will be liable to have a divorce granted In your absence. . . . - . ...... .. .inn,. 1' v. i . S KO 41 vj Ml Si 14 ftflunn, niiuriu. PROFESSIONAL CARDSJe N. U. FUNK, ATTORNTT-AT-LAW, Mrs, Enfs Building, Court H BLOOMSBURG, PA. A. L. FRITZ, ATTORNEY AT LAW. Office Bloomsburg Nat'l Bank Bldg., td floor. BLOOMSBURG, PA. J. II . MAIZE, ATTORNEY AT LAW, INSURANCE AND REAL ESTATE AGENT, Office, in I.ockard's Building, BLOOMSBURG, PA. C. W. MILLER, ATTOKNEY-AT-LAW, Wirt's BiAding, tmi liii BLOOMSBtntfil PA. Joiino. vaxszs. jobn a. barman FREEZE & HARMAN, ATTORNEYS AND COUNSELLORS AT LAW, BLOOMSBURG, PA. Offices: Centre St., first doorbelow Opera House A. N. YOST, ATTORNIY-AT-LAW Wirt Building, Court House Sqaars, BLOOMSBURG, PA. II. R. STEES, ATTORNEY-AT-LAW. Office, in Entl3ldg, Bloom?hurg, Pa II. A. McKILLIP. ATTORNEY AT LAW. Columbian Building, an Floor. BLOOMSBURG, PA. RALPH R. JOHN, ATTORNEY AT LAW, Hartman Building, Market Square, Bloomsburg, Pa. IKELER & IKELER, ATTORNEY AT LAW. Office back of Farmers' National flank. BLOOMSBURG, PA. CLYDE CUAS. YETTER, attorney-at-law, Bloomsburo, Pa. Office in Wirt's Building, VV. H. KHAWN, ATTORNEY AT LAW, Office, Corner of Third and Main Sts CATAWTSSA,. PA. CLINTON HERRING, ATTORNEY-AT-LAW. Office with Grant Herring. BLOOMSBURG, PA. KiT Will be in Orarigeville Wednesdaj each week. WILLIAM C. JOHNSTON, ATTORNRV-AT LAW. Office in Wells' Building over B. A. Gidding's Clothing Store, Illoomsbnrg, Pa Will be in Millville on Tuesdays. H. MONTGOMERY SMITH, ATTORNEY AT LAW, Office : Wirt building, over Alexande Bros. 11-16-99 EDWARD. FLYNN, ATTORNEY-AT-LAW, CENTRALIA, PA. rwotnee Llddlcot building, Locust avenue- J. S. JOHN, M. D., PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON. Office and residence, 41c Main Si 3-70-k HOCVHIK, PA MOHTOUH TFI.ttPnONK. BULL TKLIPHOlf IYIH TSSTIO, 0LA8BIS FITTED. H. BIERMAN, M. D. HOMOEOPATHIC PHYSICIAN AND SUK9BOH office hocbr: Office ft ResWeace, 4th si , 10 a. m. to 8 p. in., 6:30 to 8 p. m. BLOOMSPTJKfe, PA J. J. BROWN, M. D. ' THE EYE A SPECIALTY. Kyes tested and fitted with glasses. No Sunday work. 31 1 Market St., Bloomsburg, Pa, Hours: 10 Telephone. DR. M. J. HESS DENTISTRY IN ALL ITS BRANCH IS, Crown and bridge work SPECIALTY, Corner Main and Centre Stre-1 , MOO finr, PA Columbia & Montour Telephone connection. Dr. W. H. HOUSE, ' SURGEON DENTIST, Office Barton's Building, Main below Kark Bloomsburg, Pa. All styles of work done in a superior atsnat and all work warranted as represented,. TEETH KXTR CTED WITHOUT PAIX, by the use of Gas, and free of chargo ks artificial teeth are inserted. WTo be open all hours during the df C. WATSON McKELVY FIRE INSURANCE AGENT. (Successor to B. F. Hartman Represents twelve of the st re nit et conMa es In the world, among- which are : CASH TOTAL SDBPLM CAPITAL. ASSBTS. OVBB ALB Franklin of Phlla.. 4io,ooo 3,i "oum Penn'a. Phlla 400,0.10 sstt.W 'J,' Queen, of N. Y. BOO.OOO 8,5S8,Vlt loidL Westchester, N.Y. 80O,0c0 1,75S,S0! V N. America, Phlla. S.OOu.nOO 9.730.68W 1,34, Office First Nat'l Bank Bldg., ad floor. Wl.osses promptly adjusted ano paid. M. P. LUTZ & SON, (SUCCESSORS TO FREA8 BKOWH) INSURANCE AND REAL ESTATE AGENTS AND BROKE S. o N. W. Corner Main and Centre. Strtstl, Bloomsburo, Pa. o Represent Seventeen as good f 'ornj. ies as there are in the World an.' U losses promptly adjusted and paid at their Office. SADE T. VANNATTA. ( Successor to C. F. Knapp.) Office 238 Iron St., Bloomsburo, Pa. Oct. 31, 1901. tf TITY HOTEL, W. A. Barttel, Prop. No. 121 West Main Ptreet, t4j"T,arce and convenient umnl. r.R.. 1 a rooms, hot and cold water, and modern coa vcnicnces nar stocked with best wii mi liquors. First-class livery attsched. EXCHANGE HOTKL, G. Snyder, Proprietor, (Oppositethe Court House) BLOOMSBURG, t. Large and convenient sample roon , Bath rooms, hot and cold water, ard all modem ronvenierces.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers