C0L11TO DAY ITifiCRAHME. A PRELIMINARY OUT i LINE OF IT. By FRANCIS BELLAMY, chairman of the Executive Committee of the national rublic School Cele bration of Columbus Day. A nnif onn programme for every local ity in America, to be tided on Columbus Day, simultaneously with the dedica tory exercises ot the World's exposition grounds, will give a significant nnity to America's celebration of it 400th anni versary. Accordingly the superintend ents of education, when they adopted the plan of a national public school cele bration of Colnmbus Day, instructed the executive committee to prepare an offi cial programme, identical for every city and village in the country. The executive committee is now en deavoring to secure contributions from the ablest American writers. The names of the authors cannot lie announced yet, but the general plan for the exercises of the day is as follows: The official programme provides for A Morning Olebrat Ion. The pupils of our public schools are to gather on Oct. 31, at the usual hour, in their school houses. But instead of the regular recitations the morning is to be devoted to exercises befitting the an niversary. These exercises may lie sim ple or elaborate, according to the re sources of the school. Many schools will doubtless do little more than use the official programme, adding to it the old, familiar national songs and a few speeches by leading citizens. Other schools with larger resources are likely to extend the programme with addi tional features, such as special music by chorus or orchestra, historical exercises, pageants, etc. The largest liberty for individual ingenuity and taste is left to all schools, and the executive committee would encourage a local variety to be given to the official programme. The OlRrlul Programme will consist of the following features: 1. Raising and Saluting trs Flao (under the direction, wherever pomKile, of a detail of the veterane of Die war). 2. Toe Sono or l'oi.uniics Dat (to a well known tune). 3. The Address (to be declaimed by the best speaker among the boy a). 4. The Ode (to be rend or recited by a young lady). B. "America" (which will in nil cafci be the closing song). The song, the address and the ode will all be original, prepared especially for the celebration by some of the best of American writers. By the Is of September this official programme, in a complete form, will be published throughout the country, and will also be sent to all applicants who ad dress the chairman of the executive com mittee. Even if nothing be added to this pro gramme, except perhaps a few speeches : nd some familiar national songs, the eremonies will be impressive and worthy of the occasion. But for schools which desire to ar range a more enriched programme a number of other appropriate features may be at the same time suggested by the executive committee. The PubUo School Houses, it is to be remembered, are to be the scenes of this morning celebration. As far as possible in each school house all the rooms under the same principal should unite in having the same exer cises. The parents and .friends of the pupil should be brought together. Family interests on Columbus Day should be made to center in the partic ular school house the children attend. In the country the day ought to be made a real holiday. Farm and house hold work might well be relinquished, and the families of the district might come together at the school house with their picnic lunches prepared to make ft day of memorable festivity. The com memoration exercises of the morning being over, the afternoon might be de roted to games and to social reunions of neighbors, which would make the day a joyous one to millions of oar hard work ing population. The Afternoon Celebration. In nearly all cities and large villages, however, the citizens will wish a formal demonstration on Columbus Day which may be in their own hands. Wherever the citizens are to conduct a celebration two matters should be especially ar ranged: First That the civic celebration oc cur in the aftornoon, so that it will not conflict with the morning celebrations which are going on in all the school houses. Second That in the afternoon cele bration by the people ample recognition hould be given to the public school idea, which ia to be the characteristic of the day throughout the nation. This afternoon celebration will vary with each locality, but the citizens will gladly accord to the free school institu tion the place of honor. This leading position for the schools in the afternoon celebration can be eas ily arranged: First, a most fitting feature will be a "Public School Review." If there is a general procession this pnblio school review may be part of it, and the most honored part. If there is no procession by any other organi zations the school may have their re view by themselves. Let the pupils march by in classes and with ban ners, led by their teachers. Let the army vetevuns, north and south, the bluo and the gray alike, be invited to march with the schools as un escort of honor. As the reviewing stand is reached, where the dignitaries are assembled, let each part of the procession salute the ilajj of the ua. on with cheers and wav ing of handkerchiefs. If the weutheris propitious there need be no difficulty in a perfect arrange ment of this review. The streets can be cleared by the police, thr marching col umns of children crii le protected by lines of militia or of some other local J organization on both sides, and the movements may te innue as saie as in the schoolyard itself. The afternoon celebration by the citi zens may also include a Man Meeting at the public hall. This meeting, how ever, in many localities, will occur in the evening. An important place in the exercises of this meeting should be given to the free school as the characteristic product of the four ocutnries of Ameri can life, and as the safeguard of our free institutions for the future. At least one of the speakers should deal with this subject. Moreover, "The Song of Colnmbus Day," sung at the morning celebration in all the schools, might lo repeated by the general audience in this mass meeting. While in some cases it may be impossible for the schools to be presont en nmsse at the public meeting, they may at least send delegations. Prominent seats should be reserved for the representatives of the pupils, and one of the exercises of the afternoon might be assigned to them. In these ways, and in others which will snggest themselves, the Schools May Lead in the general public observance by the citizens. This dominance of the schools in all the celebrations of the day is de sirable, because the object of the public school celebration of Columbus Day is not merely to awaken in the pupils ah historical and patriotic interest in their country, but also to impress on the people of America that the free institutions of the United States are the product of free and universal education. The attention of the American publio on this 400th anniversary must be di rected forcibly to the fact that the free school has given to our land its distin guishing civilization, and that the hoie of the coming century lies mainly in committing to the publio schools defi nitely the work of training the coming voters to the duties of cit izenship. OCT. 21, NOT OCT. 12. At the instance of the executive com mittee of the national public school eel ebratiou of Columbus Day, a bill was recently introduced in congress instruct ing President Harrison to issue a procla mation making Columbus Day a gen eral holiday. In the interest of scholar ly accuracy this bill wisely authorized the change in date from Oct. 13 to Oct. 21. It has passed both houses of con gress and received the president's signa ture. Above all other dates nearly every pupil in our public schools remembers that Columbus discovered America Oct. 12, 1492. They will all want to know why the 400th anniversary falls on Oct. 21, 1802. For many centuries the calendar in stituted by Julius Ca?sar, known as the Julian calendar, was commonly accept ed. This calendar assumed that there were 8(S5J days in a year. But as this made the year 11 minutes and 14 second too long, it could not without correction very long answer the purposo for which it was devised. Consequently, in 1383, it was found necessary to reform the calendar, and the Gregorian calendai was adopted. In order to correct the errors that the old calendar had made. 10 days were dropped out, and Oct. 8 of 1583 became Oct. 13. As the error was found to be exactly 8 day in 400 years, the Gregorian calendar omitted the leap year from every cen turial year, excepting those which wer divisible by 400. Thus the years 1300. 1700 and 1300 were not leap years. As above stated, this reformation took place in 1583, and 10 days were emitted from the calendar. But as Columbus discovered America previous to the yeat 1500, which reckoned by the Gregorian calendar would not be a leap year, there would be but D days to omit. On Oct 21, 1893, the sun will occupy the same relative position to tho earth as on the memorable Oct. 12, 1493. The Gregorian calendar was not in troduced into Great Britain until 1731. popular ignorance and prejudice up to that time successfully opposing it. By the masses of the people it was believed that the obliteration of 10 days would shorten their lives. It is remarkablt that Russia still adheres to the Julian reckoning. We have already announced the change as in the interest of scholarly accuracy. The public school stands foi enlightenment and progiess, and it would not be in keeping with this spirit to compute the fonr centuries that will intervene between the date of the dis covery and the date we are to celebrate by an erroneous calendar which had its day and was discarded more than 801 years ago. All the precedents for celebratin American anniversaries are in favor oi correcting the old calendar to the new. For instance, "Forefathers' Day" in New England is celebrated Dec. 21, al though according to the Julian calendai the Pilgrims reached Plymouth Dec. 11. Washington was bom on the 11th day of February, "old style," but we celebrate the anniversary of his birth on the 23d of February, "new style." The original proposal for tho publio school celebration set apart Oct. 13, but the friends of free education who are pushing the enterprise believed a bad precedent would be established, as it named a false date for the observance of an historical event. This is the first ef fort that has ever been made fittingly to observe, by national commemorative ex ercises, the achievement of Columbus, and the right day should be celebrated. For this reason we are glad that Oct. 21 is to be the day. We wunt the children of the land to observe an anniversary with ull that name implies, and not nec essarily the recurrence of a fixed date, which, owing to the arbitrary changes in the methods of computing time, has lost its significance and in our day does not accurately mark off the century point. Hurrah for the national Columhiun publio school celebration of Oct. 21. f TftRAKS OF Ll'CK. Tortanes That Have Besa Mad by Accident. One O'Reilly, a trader, in cssuolly topping at the house of a Boer near Pnoil, GHquaUnd West, saw some children playing with a number of ex ceedingly pretty pebbles, aud on asking his Dutch host whether he could take one, he was promptly told that he could do so, as "the children had plenty more f them. " O'Reilly took the stone to Graham town and sold it for $3,000; it was resold for $33,000. A Dutchman named De Beer had built himself the usual wattle and daub bouse on his farm, hut it had been erected for quite a loeg period before some inquir ing prospectors found that the rough cast used for the walls actually contained diamonds. The farm speedily changed hands for $10,000. It now, with iU neighboring mines produces over $15, 000,000 of diamonds annually, the toted wealth from this discovery to date being probably over $350,000,000. At Wesselton, a Boer riding out at sundown to bring In his borsss from the veldt, here they had beta running all day, saw a small animal called a " meercat" (it somewhat resembles a wea sel, and burrows in colonies like rabbits) industriously scrsplDg some earth from its hold. S.trae peculiarity of the ground so thrown up led the Dutchman to fill his handkerchief with it, and after he had stabled his horses, by the dismal light of a small lamp he examined the nature of the earth. To his astonishment and delight he found a three-quarter carat diamond in the sands. Further search at the meercat's hole revealed oilier diamonds, ami six months ao no 1m than $3,630,000 was refused for the farm. Since the accidental dis covery oter 200,000 carats of tine white diamonJs have been extracted from the mine. Tit-Bits. Thepna-Riding. A curious mode of conveyance in In dia is the tliopps, a long cane basket with a seat iu the middle, from which hangs a mall board to support the feet. Over the head is a covered top of cane and cloth, as you sit in this basket a man carries you on his back, supporting some of the weight by a strap which attaches the back of the thoppa to hi head. Going along backward, and knowing that, should the man's headstrap break, you will doubtless be precipitated down the cliff, are not very pleasurable sensa tions, but one becomes exceedingly callous after a lengthy course of thoppa rides in the hills. Sometimes the bearer remembers that it is a cold night, and his patron is going to a ball, to be there three or four hours while h is left outside in the cold. Having arrived at the couclustou that the cold will pro'.a!,ly by thut time be in to se, he will bugiu the journey envel oped in all the coreriugs he can muster. After lie hue gooe some distance with the thopiui he becomes warm, and rapidly divests himself of his many wiappers, placing them on top of the machine, where they flutter about, now and then hittiug one playfully in the mouth or eye. Uaving made themselves as unpleasant as they possibly can, they end by falling off into the road. The bearer perceives them, and im mediately descends with you to his hands aud knees, and grovels about until he recovers the fallen raiment. During this process your head assumes a down ward tendency, and your heels fly heavenward; should you move ever so slightly in any direction you immediately find yourself sitting on the ground, in an attitude lens dignified than hasty. Then you may rage at the native, and abuse all his relations, according to cus tom, in his own language, aud you will not impress him in the least ; but use good sound fish-wife English and he will treat you as becomes a person worthy of respect. The World's Peaawt Center. Norfolk has a crop which ia worth mil lion of dollars annually peanut. Nor folk supplies the civilized world with peanut. The atreet corner Italian who empties a pint ia your overcoat pocket, an1 the Parisian fruit merchant who weigh yon out a quarter of a kilogram of the homely nut, get them from here, for this Is tht only peanut market in the world. Smyrna ha iu fig, Barbary iu date, Bordeaux its grape, and Norfolk its peanut. What would life bo without peanut 1 On can scarcely picture an existence which would be tolerable under such circumstances. The peanut magnate grow tho edible tuber in Nansemond, Isle of Wight, Sur rey, and Southampton counties, but tho common market U ia Norfolk. The row for tb nut are laid off three feet apart They are made fifteen inches deep, and phosphate are largely used a under dressing. They are strewn along in these trenches about the middle of April, and mature after the lame term which ia required for potato. It ia a crop which ia Marketed like tho Dutch drumhead and purple Savoy cab bage, running from November to March. The nuts, however, have to go through the factories before they are shipped northward, and these factories are with a few exceptions situated in Norfolk. There are two factories in Franklin, Southampton county. "What is a peanut factory ?" might be asked. A peanut factory is a place where they put the "goobers" through some such processes a wheat has to un dergo wheu it is being cleansed of chaff and rid of cockerel. The most compli cated machinery is used to assort and polish the nuts, and when they are packed in the ninety-pound bags the prime class bring by the pound from two dollars and seventy-five cent to three dollar a year. This is the result of a market which yields to Virginia truckers eight million dollars annually. It is second in import ance only to the sweet potato crop of Acomack and Northampton counties, on the eastern shore of Virginia, which is calculated at as many millions per acre os Bermuda has square feet, and Ber muda is the only yam raising country that nan compote itl ti southern peu-insula. PHILLIPS'. The shade of a parasol is a very acceptable thing in the summer months, butt the rcputa on of Philips' cafe and Bakery cannot be thrown in the shade at any time the year round- Bread and cakes fresh every day We arc sole agents for Ten?tey's fine 'candies : Ice Cream alwa ys: Ca tering for parties and wcaaings a spcciairy. Special terms to regular boarders in the Cafe. M.M. PHILLIPS & SON. BI.OOMSBURG, PA. Hay-Fever Sufferers Should read our new 112-page book on the treatment and cure of Hay-Fever and Asthma. Sent free on application. " t have been a tuflcrer from Hay-Fever and Asthma from birth 36 yean. I have tried all remedies that came to my notice without permanent relief. I am pleated to say that your medicines certainly cured mt to stay cured. VV. L. WaixilK, Kotlindale, Bolton, Mau." P. Harold Hayes, M. D. 716 Main St., Buffalo, N. Y. Da SANDEN'B ELECTRIC BELT UTtSTMTIlT -Z?!S3FtWITl IIIITII 1ST 3dt& tHIMTII mnoviiniTi. "v Siimmr. Win ears elttont utdltlaa all fehm retimes frtej. tftrltieliteofbrtta, e.rta ftrttt, liH.nl ar Itdl.ertllta. at aetutl aihauitlaa, draita, loaaaa, aarvtaa iebiltl.. alaap. laaaee.e, laaeuer, rb.um.lliia. Il'tar, ll.tr aaS bltdi.r eaaa flaiala, lamt teta, lumbaae, Mleilae, saatral lll-hatllk, tie. Tela rltewte ball taetalaa wMa.rrH mrt.M.tlt aref all altera, tad atvaa turrtal thai la laalaatlf fall bf the vaarar rwe rtrrall et.ooa.eo, tad lll tart til tf tbt ebo.t dine tte tr at at. Tbtutaadt have baen etrad hj Ibla aatrttlaae lot. all. a tflar all tlbtr rtBMdlta felltd, aad et SI'S ate rad. at Itillaataltlt la Ibla tad a.ary ttktr aula. (lat nowarral Uaprt.td ILKTalC SrsFKSHOBY It lit grealeat bo. a ar.r tetrad vtak an; rats VITkULI. SILT. M.tltk tad rietrttt Slrtmilk Al'aRtXTKIB la SO It Se tV'tJill ddrttt n""'4 rteeMeit, etalte, tree tnWAjr;xie7 nztanoaza.zo co . No. (10 Broadway. NIWYOM, urn m ami Makes now the finest Portraits and Crayons. Is having his Gallery remodled and fitted up in fine style, and the only first class north light in the county. Tt 12 CABINETS $1.00. Also having a wagon on the road fitted with the latest improvements for taking in views, Portraits and Tintypes, will call at your door without extra charge. Reserve your photos as we carry a full line copying samples till we call at your place. ' Droj ns a postal earl an! we will set a dav to ca'.l cs y:u. Gallery Main Si., net to St. r.lmo Hotel, BLOOMSHURC, PA. EXECUTOR'S NOTICE. Kflule uf Kxeklvl Cole, (twciwd. Notice In hereby given that letters testament, ary on tUe HMute of Kzeklcl Cole, ilereusfil. have beeu granted to II. II. tiiolz, to whom ull porsuiis luJi-'btud to Haiti CHtatu are requesti'd to make uuyinent, and those uuviiitf claim or do. inaudK will make known ihe mi me without do. luy. 11. ll. ciltoT, Executor. i,'ei,iu. v.'.?Jf"Jt T'JDUIAH Un T7i uatniunt. merv nt-ttd, Com- D.tv.vn.iiiiwiii-r.'uiiiti-ineoii-MirAiL. I t. book. riM rrtt. Andreas . Hlaiot, 858 SrtMaaf . ate Itrk. - HAVE TOM Watches, Clocks, J. G. WILLS' 'BLQQMSBUBG, PA. GLASSES FITTED FREE OFCHARGE. C. B. BOBBINS, DEALER IN Foreign and Domestic WINES AND LIQUORS. Bloomshurcf. Pa. "TV trail YY w1 7 -v..v VU) 3JWJ arc Quickly Mnrricd. Try it in Your Next House-Cleaning. ALEXANDER BROTHERS & CO. DEALERS IX Cigars, Tobacco, Candies, Fruits and Nuts SOLE AC.KNTS FOR Henry Maillard's Fine Candies. Fresh Every "Week. -2r:x Goers -a. Specialty, EOI.E AGENTS FOR F. F. Adams & Co's Fine Cut Chewing Tobacco Sole agents for the rollowlnj brands ot Cigars: Her.ry Clay, Lcndrcs, Nonrcl, Ir.dim Prices:, Ss.ir.scn, Silver sb Bloomsburg Pa. UCCE5? and Judicious Advertising. J!K ioad to Opulerpee Ijes Ityee-Deep JI?rou PnW'5 InK- IF YOU ARE IN NEED OF CARPET, MATTING, or OIL CLOTH, YOU WILL FIND A NICE LINE AT W. M. BMOWEM 2nd Door above Court House. A large lot of Window Curtains in stock. LOST EtiSAEtiHOOD! xr-nvsTin" (rivtr'; French WoTve Remedy, )U mhl with a Written Queranlea to cure yj aiirtcrvoiMC sea'. GEFORB AND AfTCR U9K. ache. Vtkefu1. neat, hotx Manhood, Lr.ssitut4. all c2r.i!ra and loat etpoA'-'r in either 3ur, cruiRrd by overexertion 0! youthful indltcretion, wrii h ultimately lead to In fiimity. Consumption and Innity. F'rlce, (i.ro a packing. With av.'ry fj trt'.cr va give a written putrantto to euro o- rj.'jrd miroj. Vy mail te any nultt. P.'Vt";;'; IU MEnV tfO., "ToMc, O. l'u. an f, .-ipo. tie u.-.-i, ,;r i llutul r-enn, .t.iiiilhiK, !'., nr.-oi.i-K. m.-uuvoj iitor -uot-tii- it'i ' i 'Ciniiuaf,, i lvlccl. i and Jewelry, &c.f n AT W.l arte). MCU," liri8 VVIIO IvSC CAN BE ACHIEVED In Any Business by Untiring Industry, Careful Economy, A FEW CHOICE For Sale Cheap. These birds are pure bred and will score from eighty to ninety points. W. B. GERMAN, Millville, Ta- it will pay WALL PAPER ......a-. ... l.o,.tlf,ll IIIIOU! anyone i want of row-iin bo. t tiny pottage on our beantinu ii"""1 ovi-r lUUnuiichi-.l niii.t nt inwcai irli -. ,. . Ad-Irene 'J. II, CAIV. IXi II lull til .. lruriUi.-utv. -
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers