C0L11TO DAY ITifiCRAHME.
A PRELIMINARY OUT
i LINE OF IT.
By FRANCIS BELLAMY,
chairman of the Executive Committee of
the national rublic School Cele
bration of Columbus Day.
A nnif onn programme for every local
ity in America, to be tided on Columbus
Day, simultaneously with the dedica
tory exercises ot the World's exposition
grounds, will give a significant nnity to
America's celebration of it 400th anni
versary. Accordingly the superintend
ents of education, when they adopted
the plan of a national public school cele
bration of Colnmbus Day, instructed the
executive committee to prepare an offi
cial programme, identical for every city
and village in the country.
The executive committee is now en
deavoring to secure contributions from
the ablest American writers. The names
of the authors cannot lie announced yet,
but the general plan for the exercises of
the day is as follows:
The official programme provides for
A Morning Olebrat Ion.
The pupils of our public schools are
to gather on Oct. 31, at the usual hour,
in their school houses. But instead of
the regular recitations the morning is to
be devoted to exercises befitting the an
niversary. These exercises may lie sim
ple or elaborate, according to the re
sources of the school. Many schools
will doubtless do little more than use
the official programme, adding to it the
old, familiar national songs and a few
speeches by leading citizens. Other
schools with larger resources are likely
to extend the programme with addi
tional features, such as special music by
chorus or orchestra, historical exercises,
pageants, etc. The largest liberty for
individual ingenuity and taste is left to
all schools, and the executive committee
would encourage a local variety to be
given to the official programme.
The OlRrlul Programme
will consist of the following features:
1. Raising and Saluting trs Flao
(under the direction, wherever pomKile,
of a detail of the veterane of Die war).
2. Toe Sono or l'oi.uniics Dat
(to a well known tune).
3. The Address
(to be declaimed by the best speaker among
the boy a).
4. The Ode
(to be rend or recited by a young lady).
B. "America"
(which will in nil cafci be the closing
song).
The song, the address and the ode
will all be original, prepared especially
for the celebration by some of the best
of American writers.
By the Is of September this official
programme, in a complete form, will be
published throughout the country, and
will also be sent to all applicants who ad
dress the chairman of the executive com
mittee. Even if nothing be added to this pro
gramme, except perhaps a few speeches
: nd some familiar national songs, the
eremonies will be impressive and
worthy of the occasion.
But for schools which desire to ar
range a more enriched programme a
number of other appropriate features
may be at the same time suggested by
the executive committee.
The PubUo School Houses,
it is to be remembered, are to be the
scenes of this morning celebration. As
far as possible in each school house all
the rooms under the same principal
should unite in having the same exer
cises. The parents and .friends of the
pupil should be brought together.
Family interests on Columbus Day
should be made to center in the partic
ular school house the children attend.
In the country the day ought to be
made a real holiday. Farm and house
hold work might well be relinquished,
and the families of the district might
come together at the school house with
their picnic lunches prepared to make
ft day of memorable festivity. The com
memoration exercises of the morning
being over, the afternoon might be de
roted to games and to social reunions of
neighbors, which would make the day a
joyous one to millions of oar hard work
ing population.
The Afternoon Celebration.
In nearly all cities and large villages,
however, the citizens will wish a formal
demonstration on Columbus Day which
may be in their own hands. Wherever
the citizens are to conduct a celebration
two matters should be especially ar
ranged: First That the civic celebration oc
cur in the aftornoon, so that it will not
conflict with the morning celebrations
which are going on in all the school
houses.
Second That in the afternoon cele
bration by the people ample recognition
hould be given to the public school
idea, which ia to be the characteristic of
the day throughout the nation.
This afternoon celebration will vary
with each locality, but the citizens will
gladly accord to the free school institu
tion the place of honor.
This leading position for the schools
in the afternoon celebration can be eas
ily arranged:
First, a most fitting feature will be a
"Public School Review."
If there is a general procession this
pnblio school review may be part of
it, and the most honored part. If there
is no procession by any other organi
zations the school may have their re
view by themselves. Let the pupils
march by in classes and with ban
ners, led by their teachers. Let the
army vetevuns, north and south, the
bluo and the gray alike, be invited to
march with the schools as un escort of
honor. As the reviewing stand is reached,
where the dignitaries are assembled, let
each part of the procession salute the
ilajj of the ua. on with cheers and wav
ing of handkerchiefs.
If the weutheris propitious there need
be no difficulty in a perfect arrange
ment of this review. The streets can be
cleared by the police, thr marching col
umns of children crii le protected by
lines of militia or of some other local
J organization on both sides, and the
movements may te innue as saie as in
the schoolyard itself.
The afternoon celebration by the citi
zens may also include a
Man Meeting
at the public hall. This meeting, how
ever, in many localities, will occur in
the evening. An important place in the
exercises of this meeting should be given
to the free school as the characteristic
product of the four ocutnries of Ameri
can life, and as the safeguard of our
free institutions for the future. At
least one of the speakers should deal
with this subject. Moreover, "The Song
of Colnmbus Day," sung at the morning
celebration in all the schools, might lo
repeated by the general audience in this
mass meeting. While in some cases it
may be impossible for the schools to be
presont en nmsse at the public meeting,
they may at least send delegations.
Prominent seats should be reserved for
the representatives of the pupils, and one
of the exercises of the afternoon might
be assigned to them.
In these ways, and in others which
will snggest themselves, the
Schools May Lead
in the general public observance by the
citizens. This dominance of the schools
in all the celebrations of the day is de
sirable, because the object of the public
school celebration of Columbus Day is
not merely to awaken in the pupils ah
historical and patriotic interest in their
country, but also to impress on the people
of America that the free institutions of
the United States are the product of
free and universal education.
The attention of the American publio
on this 400th anniversary must be di
rected forcibly to the fact that the free
school has given to our land its distin
guishing civilization, and that the hoie
of the coming century lies mainly in
committing to the publio schools defi
nitely the work of training the coming
voters to the duties of cit izenship.
OCT. 21, NOT OCT. 12.
At the instance of the executive com
mittee of the national public school eel
ebratiou of Columbus Day, a bill was
recently introduced in congress instruct
ing President Harrison to issue a procla
mation making Columbus Day a gen
eral holiday. In the interest of scholar
ly accuracy this bill wisely authorized
the change in date from Oct. 13 to Oct.
21. It has passed both houses of con
gress and received the president's signa
ture. Above all other dates nearly every
pupil in our public schools remembers
that Columbus discovered America Oct.
12, 1492. They will all want to know
why the 400th anniversary falls on Oct.
21, 1802.
For many centuries the calendar in
stituted by Julius Ca?sar, known as the
Julian calendar, was commonly accept
ed. This calendar assumed that there
were 8(S5J days in a year. But as this
made the year 11 minutes and 14 second
too long, it could not without correction
very long answer the purposo for which
it was devised. Consequently, in 1383,
it was found necessary to reform the
calendar, and the Gregorian calendai
was adopted. In order to correct the
errors that the old calendar had made.
10 days were dropped out, and Oct.
8 of 1583 became Oct. 13. As the
error was found to be exactly 8 day
in 400 years, the Gregorian calendar
omitted the leap year from every cen
turial year, excepting those which wer
divisible by 400. Thus the years 1300.
1700 and 1300 were not leap years.
As above stated, this reformation took
place in 1583, and 10 days were emitted
from the calendar. But as Columbus
discovered America previous to the yeat
1500, which reckoned by the Gregorian
calendar would not be a leap year, there
would be but D days to omit.
On Oct 21, 1893, the sun will occupy
the same relative position to tho earth
as on the memorable Oct. 12, 1493.
The Gregorian calendar was not in
troduced into Great Britain until 1731.
popular ignorance and prejudice up to
that time successfully opposing it. By
the masses of the people it was believed
that the obliteration of 10 days would
shorten their lives. It is remarkablt
that Russia still adheres to the Julian
reckoning.
We have already announced the
change as in the interest of scholarly
accuracy. The public school stands foi
enlightenment and progiess, and it
would not be in keeping with this spirit
to compute the fonr centuries that will
intervene between the date of the dis
covery and the date we are to celebrate
by an erroneous calendar which had its
day and was discarded more than 801
years ago.
All the precedents for celebratin
American anniversaries are in favor oi
correcting the old calendar to the new.
For instance, "Forefathers' Day" in
New England is celebrated Dec. 21, al
though according to the Julian calendai
the Pilgrims reached Plymouth Dec.
11. Washington was bom on the 11th
day of February, "old style," but we
celebrate the anniversary of his birth
on the 23d of February, "new style."
The original proposal for tho publio
school celebration set apart Oct. 13, but
the friends of free education who are
pushing the enterprise believed a bad
precedent would be established, as it
named a false date for the observance of
an historical event. This is the first ef
fort that has ever been made fittingly to
observe, by national commemorative ex
ercises, the achievement of Columbus,
and the right day should be celebrated.
For this reason we are glad that Oct. 21
is to be the day. We wunt the children
of the land to observe an anniversary
with ull that name implies, and not nec
essarily the recurrence of a fixed date,
which, owing to the arbitrary changes in
the methods of computing time, has lost
its significance and in our day does not
accurately mark off the century point.
Hurrah for the national Columhiun
publio school celebration of Oct. 21.
f TftRAKS OF Ll'CK.
Tortanes That Have Besa Mad by
Accident.
One O'Reilly, a trader, in cssuolly
topping at the house of a Boer near
Pnoil, GHquaUnd West, saw some
children playing with a number of ex
ceedingly pretty pebbles, aud on asking
his Dutch host whether he could take
one, he was promptly told that he could
do so, as "the children had plenty more
f them. "
O'Reilly took the stone to Graham
town and sold it for $3,000; it was resold
for $33,000.
A Dutchman named De Beer had built
himself the usual wattle and daub bouse
on his farm, hut it had been erected for
quite a loeg period before some inquir
ing prospectors found that the rough cast
used for the walls actually contained
diamonds. The farm speedily changed
hands for $10,000. It now, with iU
neighboring mines produces over $15,
000,000 of diamonds annually, the toted
wealth from this discovery to date being
probably over $350,000,000.
At Wesselton, a Boer riding out at
sundown to bring In his borsss from the
veldt, here they had beta running all
day, saw a small animal called a
" meercat" (it somewhat resembles a wea
sel, and burrows in colonies like rabbits)
industriously scrsplDg some earth from
its hold. S.trae peculiarity of the ground
so thrown up led the Dutchman to fill
his handkerchief with it, and after he
had stabled his horses, by the dismal
light of a small lamp he examined the
nature of the earth. To his astonishment
and delight he found a three-quarter
carat diamond in the sands.
Further search at the meercat's hole
revealed oilier diamonds, ami six months
ao no 1m than $3,630,000 was refused
for the farm. Since the accidental dis
covery oter 200,000 carats of tine white
diamonJs have been extracted from the
mine. Tit-Bits.
Thepna-Riding.
A curious mode of conveyance in In
dia is the tliopps, a long cane basket with
a seat iu the middle, from which hangs a
mall board to support the feet. Over
the head is a covered top of cane and
cloth, as you sit in this basket a man
carries you on his back, supporting some
of the weight by a strap which attaches
the back of the thoppa to hi head.
Going along backward, and knowing
that, should the man's headstrap break,
you will doubtless be precipitated down
the cliff, are not very pleasurable sensa
tions, but one becomes exceedingly
callous after a lengthy course of thoppa
rides in the hills.
Sometimes the bearer remembers that
it is a cold night, and his patron is going
to a ball, to be there three or four hours
while h is left outside in the cold.
Having arrived at the couclustou that the
cold will pro'.a!,ly by thut time be in
to se, he will bugiu the journey envel
oped in all the coreriugs he can muster.
After lie hue gooe some distance with
the thopiui he becomes warm, and
rapidly divests himself of his many
wiappers, placing them on top of the
machine, where they flutter about, now
and then hittiug one playfully in the
mouth or eye. Uaving made themselves
as unpleasant as they possibly can, they
end by falling off into the road.
The bearer perceives them, and im
mediately descends with you to his
hands aud knees, and grovels about until
he recovers the fallen raiment. During
this process your head assumes a down
ward tendency, and your heels fly
heavenward; should you move ever so
slightly in any direction you immediately
find yourself sitting on the ground, in an
attitude lens dignified than hasty.
Then you may rage at the native, and
abuse all his relations, according to cus
tom, in his own language, aud you will
not impress him in the least ; but use
good sound fish-wife English and he will
treat you as becomes a person worthy of
respect.
The World's Peaawt Center.
Norfolk has a crop which ia worth mil
lion of dollars annually peanut. Nor
folk supplies the civilized world with
peanut. The atreet corner Italian who
empties a pint ia your overcoat pocket,
an1 the Parisian fruit merchant who
weigh yon out a quarter of a kilogram
of the homely nut, get them from here,
for this Is tht only peanut market in the
world. Smyrna ha iu fig, Barbary iu
date, Bordeaux its grape, and Norfolk
its peanut. What would life bo without
peanut 1 On can scarcely picture an
existence which would be tolerable under
such circumstances.
The peanut magnate grow tho edible
tuber in Nansemond, Isle of Wight, Sur
rey, and Southampton counties, but tho
common market U ia Norfolk. The
row for tb nut are laid off three feet
apart They are made fifteen inches
deep, and phosphate are largely used a
under dressing. They are strewn along
in these trenches about the middle of
April, and mature after the lame term
which ia required for potato.
It ia a crop which ia Marketed like tho
Dutch drumhead and purple Savoy cab
bage, running from November to March.
The nuts, however, have to go through
the factories before they are shipped
northward, and these factories are with
a few exceptions situated in Norfolk.
There are two factories in Franklin,
Southampton county.
"What is a peanut factory ?" might be
asked. A peanut factory is a place
where they put the "goobers" through
some such processes a wheat has to un
dergo wheu it is being cleansed of chaff
and rid of cockerel. The most compli
cated machinery is used to assort and
polish the nuts, and when they are
packed in the ninety-pound bags the
prime class bring by the pound from two
dollars and seventy-five cent to three
dollar a year.
This is the result of a market which
yields to Virginia truckers eight million
dollars annually. It is second in import
ance only to the sweet potato crop of
Acomack and Northampton counties, on
the eastern shore of Virginia, which is
calculated at as many millions per acre
os Bermuda has square feet, and Ber
muda is the only yam raising country
that nan compote itl ti southern peu-insula.
PHILLIPS'.
The shade of a parasol
is a very acceptable thing
in the summer months,
butt the rcputa on of
Philips' cafe and Bakery
cannot be thrown in the
shade at any time the
year round- Bread and
cakes fresh every day
We arc sole agents for
Ten?tey's fine 'candies :
Ice Cream alwa ys: Ca
tering for parties and
wcaaings a spcciairy.
Special terms to regular
boarders in the Cafe.
M.M. PHILLIPS & SON.
BI.OOMSBURG, PA.
Hay-Fever
Sufferers
Should read our new
112-page book on the
treatment and cure of
Hay-Fever and Asthma.
Sent free on application.
" t have been a tuflcrer from Hay-Fever and
Asthma from birth 36 yean. I have tried all
remedies that came to my notice without permanent
relief. I am pleated to say that your medicines
certainly cured mt to stay cured.
VV. L. WaixilK, Kotlindale, Bolton, Mau."
P. Harold Hayes, M. D.
716 Main St., Buffalo, N. Y.
Da SANDEN'B
ELECTRIC BELT
UTtSTMTIlT -Z?!S3FtWITl IIIITII
1ST 3dt& tHIMTII
mnoviiniTi. "v Siimmr.
Win ears elttont utdltlaa all fehm retimes frtej.
tftrltieliteofbrtta, e.rta ftrttt, liH.nl ar Itdl.ertllta.
at aetutl aihauitlaa, draita, loaaaa, aarvtaa iebiltl.. alaap.
laaaee.e, laaeuer, rb.um.lliia. Il'tar, ll.tr aaS bltdi.r eaaa
flaiala, lamt teta, lumbaae, Mleilae, saatral lll-hatllk, tie.
Tela rltewte ball taetalaa wMa.rrH mrt.M.tlt aref all
altera, tad atvaa turrtal thai la laalaatlf fall bf the vaarar
rwe rtrrall et.ooa.eo, tad lll tart til tf tbt ebo.t dine
tte tr at at. Tbtutaadt have baen etrad hj Ibla aatrttlaae
lot. all. a tflar all tlbtr rtBMdlta felltd, aad et SI'S ate
rad. at Itillaataltlt la Ibla tad a.ary ttktr aula.
(lat nowarral Uaprt.td ILKTalC SrsFKSHOBY It lit
grealeat bo. a ar.r tetrad vtak an; rats VITkULI. SILT.
M.tltk tad rietrttt Slrtmilk Al'aRtXTKIB la SO It Se
tV'tJill ddrttt n""'4 rteeMeit, etalte, tree
tnWAjr;xie7 nztanoaza.zo co .
No. (10 Broadway. NIWYOM,
urn m ami
Makes now the finest Portraits and
Crayons. Is having his Gallery
remodled and fitted up in
fine style, and the only
first class north light
in the county.
Tt
12 CABINETS $1.00.
Also having a wagon on the road fitted
with the latest improvements for taking
in views, Portraits and Tintypes,
will call at your door without extra
charge. Reserve your photos as we
carry a full line copying samples till
we call at your place. '
Droj ns a postal earl an! we will set a dav
to ca'.l cs y:u.
Gallery Main Si., net to St. r.lmo Hotel,
BLOOMSHURC, PA.
EXECUTOR'S NOTICE.
Kflule uf Kxeklvl Cole, (twciwd.
Notice In hereby given that letters testament,
ary on tUe HMute of Kzeklcl Cole, ilereusfil.
have beeu granted to II. II. tiiolz, to whom ull
porsuiis luJi-'btud to Haiti CHtatu are requesti'd to
make uuyinent, and those uuviiitf claim or do.
inaudK will make known ihe mi me without do.
luy. 11. ll. ciltoT,
Executor.
i,'ei,iu. v.'.?Jf"Jt T'JDUIAH Un
T7i uatniunt. merv nt-ttd, Com-
D.tv.vn.iiiiwiii-r.'uiiiti-ineoii-MirAiL. I t. book.
riM rrtt. Andreas . Hlaiot, 858 SrtMaaf . ate Itrk.
- HAVE TOM
Watches,
Clocks,
J. G. WILLS'
'BLQQMSBUBG, PA.
GLASSES FITTED FREE OFCHARGE.
C. B. BOBBINS,
DEALER IN
Foreign and Domestic
WINES AND LIQUORS.
Bloomshurcf. Pa.
"TV trail YY w1 7 -v..v
VU) 3JWJ
arc Quickly Mnrricd. Try it in Your Next
House-Cleaning.
ALEXANDER BROTHERS & CO.
DEALERS IX
Cigars, Tobacco, Candies, Fruits and Nuts
SOLE AC.KNTS FOR
Henry Maillard's Fine Candies. Fresh Every "Week.
-2r:x Goers -a. Specialty,
EOI.E AGENTS FOR
F. F. Adams & Co's Fine Cut Chewing Tobacco
Sole agents for the rollowlnj brands ot Cigars:
Her.ry Clay, Lcndrcs, Nonrcl, Ir.dim Prices:, Ss.ir.scn, Silver sb
Bloomsburg Pa.
UCCE5?
and
Judicious Advertising.
J!K ioad to Opulerpee Ijes Ityee-Deep JI?rou
PnW'5 InK-
IF YOU ARE IN NEED OF
CARPET, MATTING,
or OIL CLOTH,
YOU WILL FIND A NICE LINE AT
W. M. BMOWEM
2nd Door above Court House.
A large lot of Window Curtains in stock.
LOST EtiSAEtiHOOD!
xr-nvsTin"
(rivtr'; French
WoTve Remedy, )U
mhl with a Written
Queranlea to cure
yj aiirtcrvoiMC sea'.
GEFORB AND AfTCR U9K. ache. Vtkefu1.
neat, hotx Manhood, Lr.ssitut4. all c2r.i!ra and loat
etpoA'-'r in either 3ur, cruiRrd by overexertion 0!
youthful indltcretion, wrii h ultimately lead to In
fiimity. Consumption and Innity. F'rlce, (i.ro a
packing. With av.'ry fj trt'.cr va give a written
putrantto to euro o- rj.'jrd miroj. Vy mail te
any nultt. P.'Vt";;'; IU MEnV tfO., "ToMc, O.
l'u. an f, .-ipo. tie u.-.-i, ,;r i
llutul r-enn, .t.iiiilhiK, !'., nr.-oi.i-K. m.-uuvoj
iitor -uot-tii- it'i ' i 'Ciniiuaf,, i lvlccl. i
and
Jewelry, &c.f
n
AT
W.l arte).
MCU," liri8 VVIIO IvSC
CAN BE ACHIEVED
In Any Business by
Untiring Industry,
Careful Economy,
A FEW CHOICE
For Sale Cheap.
These birds are pure bred and
will score from eighty to
ninety points.
W. B. GERMAN,
Millville, Ta-
it will pay
WALL PAPER
......a-. ... l.o,.tlf,ll IIIIOU!
anyone i
want of
row-iin bo. t tiny pottage on our beantinu ii"""1
ovi-r lUUnuiichi-.l niii.t nt inwcai irli -. ,. .
Ad-Irene 'J. II, CAIV. IXi II lull til .. lruriUi.-utv. -