HMI \ i J ' 'l''' 1, ; ‘'i|. , i i:.-‘i'.n;H ';. -I, y • , .- - V;.. 0 L V-|r, ■.'} -i» apta>-cs; othcirarlag ;l - ; : - '' ' r ,’.i '' .^iilail arieftrages v :;-.., .:; ...y j ?l‘|l-.'q"' —— tii'tcr? and ttafl< *.' .&> ;■ -■! • i ! . VoT , 4L.{ ' tt i; have prompfatuntlon. ■ . ;i ~._, J* L>U NSCRI^TIoij f the supsemb cotiraft, - wa&a r V. '. i; • Y • /I .v-’- 1 -ounddiscr ■ y ■■'■ 1 'V'-j[ ' high-docf*' ! Opinion of Judge Agne*r. ifi a h w* ;g nt , The following is the atfle opinion at | " ’/juage Agnow npori the motion to dis-' . ( ,olre-t| oi i n 3 ul!Ct ’ o f heretofore g.raqt- Eti to 'restrain the PrpypstMarshal V r otn taking ;irafted men "ftndtirihe ■ S *1 • ■-■■■' ' ‘ , ~ ■ ! ~“otec f - - nntioii law: -, ,} We'bnovv Ik, is only a 7 fald! of'pfoce <v‘"’v rV'- -i - ~1 dnr6 to protect the Court against the *bills ,to Mr. annoyance of defeated soitota. Sball . Justice-Wtiodwprr! at Xjßi.Phus, who we stick! inj tbo bark whenweknow’ ■called-in hi» brethren, toisitJyith him. tbb’onlyj true) question raised jn the itself TsMe Wghtful, [power of of sIMthVP.-eilizwS:,tCohgrefca to pass the law ?; The com-. •- (.ame remedy, and prayca jhal do- lilainantlmust stand on thisaroandit rVrer.dw.tj. as oflioen oftto |clk«t ihfe 1 ■ Wh>tr now be restrained m>m 'prceeedwg j fact can be ureed ? ; It is.admitted the under the enrollment ffß^^r^;j.^pssror ; -<Mhnqt deby ; the Wets. ‘\The of citizens riftfiis Cpmmmiixalth. ~ \ i(3oyerhmenkretre8 t bnly..Dn it£rightful . ,yi ofiiH' Judges deliver oil opinions | Wtborit'y to dp the acts alleged Tn the , Wd majority directed a proliminai;y» | hHi. The issue is/the invalidity of the u.jiiiKiito.i as to tuu complainants spe flaw-'anddtK’q (appears nowas fully as Vialjy.... Afterwards the} S'plicilfPrs of j ijt can hereafter. Then .why nh'«.:t)raft representing; -t\»o Govern- this labpr nppn 4 point which inyplvM nigm in their behalf,- Hut whp had nut; nothing'and decides npthiri > ? \Vben t-flppeiirc'l ijl the afginuefili moved the | jro| have labored with - all tiur powers, ■Crj.urt el Siisi-Prids Mr. .l UsticeStrong .in jthe.a,nd dfl we. can say is tnons, occupying -il*c to dissolve efmgj euciirrif.j ! ’ •* •! :jire!iwhu, iytictibij, : qh the groupda I Bnt.On theother hand, if we per . , uam .if pinyJit-tion;, that the- lull rai t this unsubstantial teehhicnlit/ to «ift not /.e./er a,(,r.t only m posse,- and . prevail,- whali is: its effect ?It lekvos •..:hat,tbe hnv lor enrobing, of .the na-j |j th( , officers liable to al penalty in lorecej* constitutional;-and : either way. 1 -fit Ithey disobey the in .W' 1 ' to nave, hoenj a wed. and iuni:t ; on tl J wH , J be atWcbed. If expos.-d-tP punishWout-. th &- bfey t&lft will the displaced.-. •l*r aI,JC Ti t l 6 V* r..t either direction they must shffer.- • J W b T U P Fe i« 1 have''; fallen' into a |rievous el ,ye.» it}s wompetent-a.^..; roi . sl)ft n no t retraceTonr steps, aV'. 1 ian'd relieve [the"-office* rom their -■'IH-i i- tjpredicamenJ and the goverhWent from wlvc : «i huul newt-faeti arisingin the -injustice ? !•'. ’ ~ - f ■ ‘.t-'J. - 1 - ■ j' We make jno precedent for ordinal Lrn.c ccMislitiution jrof Nisi ?i-iuls, ( ry suitors. On the contrary we tell 1 J;'* ‘1 of .hut ion.;! judge, and .he [ them it can jot be drawn into one; for -I'-Si'.'ylv to* hear,iill"o|>sos at.law ai*d lyhilp we recognise the fn.le wo do-' u. ' pisiiy. (It is-true ilhe- bench is»fijll i ejarb it has }jp place here, pofore' vl l.y a,!iornaliou f -bd.tjjtho court ije-; cliahecllorsj It. a matter' Jf paresis- : mams always .lie. saipa. Uioagh the ; cret-ion, so vital to . the Federal Gpv- 1 iiwsou uhiiugfcs. The n;<*tioii whs j ernmont, arid under the circumstances M-a-ig to the same eO'uji t. thoiigh tppa,!surrounding the ease. Hf iothers prb-j individual, jaUd tbereifoite‘ljo|j^siug,-.-anil■ [possessing, i war, v'uiipeicftt !o receive it- ’ i; equal palric tism are willing to. permit' mkie, evv.jiyily it* -wjhsjnot indei-OTbtis!j this liieresE shadpw of a- leeliiiieality; m i-a't m sfy t.he; Judges to it.—j- to interpose; between thdi Courthnd This oi.iy CKhihits thb deference °fjj'restitution of the rights pf the GpV vhc lps-hip-ihj-cn. ' ifad itfr. Mrnhient, I regret they so raagPify hyutm \\pu-ivviinl dbeidedythcji ease art above jlustice, but I ciinnot adopt • Mm.v, as \v-cwiV<'. have! dotr(|'. l i-'certain- [their vie wa v i' • . r Ins 0,..„ jf ,*r had become sat . -I'hed. he J.ad .co„,milted n pc-rnic'-m^! 1 k° ! T l .? . b lte “»■*»“ I'think Lvii sai. lv suv csqcefye.tt s'ti-v v V .:uV ;i'suve k-ksed him i ™pntauon! ‘V? 1 ■'T“* ‘■ > iT rJ,s :'”i -j. .-.mi .h*> v-m!y . o-m.-h-should ; • , . .1, .‘ ■ ■: ... ' ’I! -j ■ >;•). tuofc-ahi-- '.'hi':: v. !v. should a’ But it ~i admit ted lh.li t dtv a final I .!.i. .'.Jdae .cause a - hw ‘ rin {? •!, must decide .at .(ny views y'l.V ,! c-i • --i. V-- r- v. ;*v sl-ould, the ( cOR '' c iSi- ;<je d! c t“te. - And -why hi-.>t.y I.'-‘tj umiCr- o’t'.c no\v-? I) find the case before rnej j-i :ig(* mv: . I oru!.!.- arother. ’ .J'a'nd I itag'ainst' ii - .- -i-asc v,--is| havin-'' *‘ l *- bty /.on v|cjiot-*a of law, duty, and ii'a-V 1- no- finkl jjidtfmer.i. -In laoT -i piMf.ioiism i if is itibugbt it would Vft- -sh .witi.w'thcVomphvi.*. [ Hy - -. assorting->. principle'[contrary to a-;- had schirity.' and the i. the - h re,,l “r -the Cdnst tution and ifitinm'oas have not fe»t. L .(=sui-l \o 1 tlu ’ l>f|society that cinses should rV. l.s:-!.v rf.n !.r-dolfr-'t'r^co'i.iJaln- 1 n,,t he governed by .koletin decision, <"‘s while the Gof-j-hmenl ii/suffer-1 b , ut ti - ,e ™pu!t of election. I question iVmV a hurtful i.Wcde-n-t.'. The i lh f of introducing the rey is ijV eiiahcerv. and allows ’ ««‘ts °f -the election, hero, and 'thirk 'li*- iai ire-t riism-ctioi! 11/.(re'act. ius'.il-o.! ? but t,,e , ppphcutiob, of -such’ a test 1 , j’ ;ii %■ - 7, /;\irL fia.'l■■ suv interpos- , Ij?«ivc?A us, without & T, 'jU(]iciul ■ e--!W,-on-the law and ii-'kf-c-utilin |- ,^nd:at, 9 jn'akosus the mdro registers hjf'fiS i!.e- machirierv of Goyefm-' 5 ” popular edicts, savors more of of '.;j-$.«-i‘h a sudd-,-.. Jar; ii!wus as mn;c'h I^ al [ r « ument - - '• .11 | v of the jcciuij!. t<> retrace its.j" What niind can fpr iain instantTsapj - 1 ‘ 1 yta-iily, when i-qr.vinccd of or [ pose thkt !any bench havnlg k proper - at u c.-Maiuly jfv'a, scniimeiit of j self respect, .cap he. govyraed by tiioj ■py-ioi.i-*!ii .and cfnir(*fs\ytp the FedCr- popular-upheavihgs. apd, reverse a ( »! i;--\-cn;.ir.v>nt. -. ; : " (solemn deeisipn to safwfjTpppulhr.db-1 mands ? It (needs ;no argument :tb prove do sane Wen that such a prioci; pic would db violence to ipublio secu rity and , iidiciarp’ropriety.j -By what authoritj- of position or j.rppriety can any one sajj th’at/tho opinions of apy member, >f -the bench are not the ro sult of sPund law and pure motives, but the i egistratiou bnly! of populaf edicts? \rUat has turned the though ts of any o .e into such a (channel in stfad? fpliowipg the bbvtcjas opon,| paih of decorous inquirJr ? lls thi's ; such a case;'jd'o'we violate any princi ple here ? - -. ", 1 ■ ,J t On wnatj, principle, therefore, Ts stare decisis, Quoted to me?. -Is it mere ly to sustain']-, the decision-; of a barie | majority J against k strong dissent osf-| tablishing the doctrine that national j forces cannot be raised to»oppress in-1 siirrectibn* nor indeed nspd for such purpose,| madb in a one-siildd bearing of the opponents^of the law, in a pre liPiinluiyl way daring a time of high 1 excitement when partisan rage, was previously assailing the law—a deci«- iod tending to encourage a general rush into the; Court, and to put an end to the: levying’ of troops, and in citing tp forcible resistance under a of the law's : nvalidity.r- The decision, has become no rale of fight, Widlhns fixed no ktidua of eooie-, .ty, while it. is founded ijn my, Trent, in the most pernicious Surely tjhis is no case for] stare decisis I. malke no 1 point. ofi’ the pppnlar verdict jin this State. I shall not write it np; and 'I am sure. lam (binder no ne cessity to write it down. ! v ( To, prevent mlslfbhsTrabtioh', I de sire to say, T refer, to the pressure of r tbe late pplitioal cahvas upon the -for mer decision) only jtd' indicate the u'n conseioQß inffuenoe of ptpqoMeiyed opinions. ;fThose W nature; and. are exemplified, van ,ln religion, which descendsTfrom (sthsif T- ‘ ' .) I - ' ~r I Jt . ! S> ;lr< a..g(jr4srall rulo’that a I|rf t he moped summarily to u r aii injunction. r, wi t bout a sug new. fact*l, and wiH. leave ,Ui.> piiv.y to art - isiiie; forjped in the, ' ‘f'urse «f plea'dlpg. The learned 11 ; inh i,t »op t o vew 1 1 a t isiiot defied, ?" , ; he' dyctned nccessary.-p r.’ ut M** s * such' ease, andcannoti t t ' l^v Pi ls ed ' .T. hy suth a rule, It | - V u, hes the vital pojwers. of'the Gov- J arrested■ viojentlyyin their! | by a State tribunal at. a Iri ,- vat peril-- J Tho Government , represented' at,the prelimina -5 and ought not to bapreju iced by tho faii.lV lyit any) of ks a f :n,S ‘ ,^ ove *'nnlent, which acta !oi}ly iiroiign agenuyquickeneil by nq phr -'in.ii interest, |s net*el r to bet consider* 1 ■ 1 uerelict where the default-is. still P ei } , to correction! No new. facts bo alleged. The facts of tho bill « s not denied. It was ijj’o' conclusion. ei in w hi°h was d,oni . ■ the alleged error 1 was patents yl'tm the,lace of the bill. -The ; court HwhbuttoTje Side, the opponents of ■■ l Z h * . i Th ® Wmng took place I '.in Li ol - t*n exciting pontica! edm -f-'y. 1 '!-- ,^ie Spirit of party was. aiitng the' law-.vrith luripus lashes, hohndiDgonnll its own fhatf^ 1 nn t 0 the chase, fp.be In at;the • 10 s 'P n . whs; by a bare . ®S tt *nst the earnest dissent ■ IhheliW' 1 ’^ 08, a,l d partially' estab-' in ans ” l ' )r a doctrine footed I £haWnU o ®’ v f h °S‘’ bonest mlndi dies,. dc "*bt, felt- penetrated by nf o ?^delivering fthe ®ed some drit y' a( i expres sions ahd < p St^ 118 * I 1 * 8 ° wn c°nvio -1 m ent on d g °? C K e ' t , hat fnrther aren .i* l, V ** •O^'d on a gross 'Eolation 6f ,'tlie tipd! itie- jnti&VeB,' f sound diaet-etibn,, eialted patHotiam, high docfciumj ind painty-of purpose, Ityapwha the Judge.'orderthi this mo v lion tb Be hgiiijd before ua atln this hp was ; vfrtullly; approved by all, for nonb of as-refused to. sit.; •; ’ We heard the caae/and npw it mast, b s decided Shall we refaaejtoreato re> t ie Pederal Goverbment 'tcf its right-! faj position ori a there technicality ? r ! t,* I ■’ttsth* '■mj.O;;. 'i ■ja-i-r i;*;^ ;3'4 isi 2 . 1%4 , • . a i K.'i'w 'M ' yt;-- ■KM? r meuit,| refidermg itfulind Ip' (be most; palp&blove'rroft.’ 'A. 'like' 'rnfluehco la also to befound in tbbprevafetme! of] national,prßjupiuei . j ! T , Balieying,that,law,:d«ty,patripti6m and just ice i|eqairo-tbfi( preliminary .order] tp be rescinded, 1 proceed to. the* gront|dairhicb,iW-rtyjqdgraent ) niace the power of j the | Government afed ve L ,v i -I r ' : i The feilft rbefpre: ‘W.pray' against tile act of [dortg&sssfoftbi 3d [of Maich, 1808,- '“for ’enrolling; and calling opt : thtfnNptioofcl for«8»//po- ; , [Htiquly known ibe .oonwaription law.'j The groonfeofrelief Ults fed anconstitOtTorialiiy. ; " * Thfe essential feature- of I tfee Ifew aretfeese: It]ascertain*;who shall be liablei to mi|itary duty, and provides for their enrollment, ftautboiiees a draft by lotjoftbe nurfefe'er required by theq*rtBider|t to be'calledintoser vice; and provide* fbrienfoicingthe call, it | empowers ; the President to,ask gn -Ibem tpj service, as he shall 'determine, i] • 'M '■ j_ Is his feiode of raising] a national military force to sn ppress the existing rebel ion, unconstlUhional ? The, presumption is Itfeat Congress has e otea witliin tbe scope of its pow ers, fend ns siifi; by dj. Marshall, in Fletfeber vs. Clinch, 87, “it is not on sli jliiimplication or vague conjecture, t >e legislature is to be sup posed to hav b transcended it- powers, and its acts fepusiderodypid. The pp- ; position between the constitution and the 1 iw, ehojlild be such that the Judge feels a clcarjijng. strong conviction of j their inco nuatibility! with each other.” ,_- It is’cpnecdod Ihkt lV>wor of i Congress is nVst, ; to raise ! national forces in the clause “to raise ijind support armies;” secondly .Ho call 1 militia “to execute the laws |of the Ujiipn, suppress insurreeii'jnX, I; and jrepel. invasions.”: [But the conSti j tutipnality of the law; is denied on the igr ounds fha]t national j armies .can be j raised only by voluntary enlistment, i jind not by [draft; and that this law is; | not (in exerciscjof the; power .to call (forth the militia,' but Oohnes into cpn i.flict with the chaises in the Constitu tion relating to : thej nviiitia. The grp.t nd- of conflict alleged, are; That national forces j cannot bo j'raised' to. suppress insuriections,- but the:militia must bo called lorth;ithat this law cove rs the L whple. ground of the, mili militia of ib 5a “f .-iiiiJftW fwaj .r\.l- .‘" 'i .• . j >ji nii+i '• o| '|»vlira4t|ij : ..--r-i« • ■ »...< i. *r m -%l iIC-t*) ri J i : I I v’* i. £r 4i-» _ '•* - -. ie States. rem nly provided by ti, for iasurreclipn., | > Cin the national arn recruited bydraft ? , That the United Sta andj sovereign .iln the ia.-not dcriicd.. cha| - actertsijiea are see thoßiaolves.l and their yidcjd for in the ine possess all the i&ncti in jlho hive milking,' judging poj.Werfi. J > * Vye cannot boncei/e- of. it nation without *h|o .inherent power -to carry on {war.. pTlie klWiSftie of person and property is jn right liflonginghy na ture to and cilery indi vidual, itrid is nfct taken, away by asso ciation I,t thc’refor&. belongs to irrtli vidiials in t their cnfl;efiyo jeupneity, whenever thus threatened or assailed- The Gonsli .utlor, fo|lr>wing [the natu ral nglit,. ISeats; the jowor to declare wahin Cortg^es's—the representatives of tbo people..; is not.ceable that the Constitiition reengr.tzes this! right as pic-exisling; for, It says, to declare wait, whieh| pre-supppsas therigbtto make war. [{The power to-declare war necessarily (involves the power tocar rj’ it on; atid this implies the means; saying, noting note |6! the express power “to [yaisp and support armies” as the proviso picans. \Tattel (book 1, chap proving thk national d ervatioii, growing. ou{ and obligations of as “Sipco, then, al na*iol preserve itself,.it has iAiny ihobcsi-ary for i For the law oiibattire to everything, (iwithou not fulfil ap obligati would oblige ns to de or ilaiher [would cord prescribingins a duty time (debarring us of ot fulfilling it.” [ in' b.is 1 jhap. Ij | sec. I'l)' 1 pt God jno less enji to take cafe of ill it does 4,(1 lawj tion tbai oui private men. .U- J - 4.- A gafo . in section lir‘tfferoihjt'is certain that the' sovereign, in, whose hatjds'ibe iio to rest of the whole socie ty [is, lodged, has the right to make war., But|if it be. sb; w'o nihst- of fse liimf the right of eni ■ing- the means necessary that end. : In a word, we most, .grant him! jibe power of levying troop* i and obliglipg them.- to perform the most dangerous duliep, even at the peril of th£ii lives. And this is One branch otl the tight of life and death which manifestly belongs to the sov ereign”’. \ \ ' P Xh®jdg|(t tol therqeans' carries all the!, meaha of the palion.. Every able hodiei' mao' ih ait the, Call pf the Government, for assuredly in making’ as there is nd limit' to the neoe<is|ty, th,ero cac he nd limit to thh emergnooy requires it, thi i ■j ' t v ~-z..~ ■I * A \f entire! null piny^c^ii inherently v v . to'eoefcefjr $ the : power' it &ajd f in 'J*oV powerlo.' ofwar wi is wifly tit .contract, fera-essenf trasV>.Tb> &onty"tfc power to \ Obey, "but! 5 con tract is., font.. It i* power to tru er' to comihan. impotent jin «romentM|bbi authority to « i So, much cs> ly, fropi tbe ia forerninept o as the'' exprej) war uftd to i defence acid-,g| : fint when grant ,of the j we find it a sgei power'“toiralJS » withonV anjr ! e» tent, the mode, that apprppriatr shall .not be mad years; wbichj »li in every other ite Hero, thun is a in '.est longuagejjjfc armii purposed (of. whit ehull presentlj) are yit-» and In What i 9 tho7rule pjhenUrpi be applied as isettlitf "By ' ll (judiciary j?I , In Gibbon cs. Ogden; IS, C. JJMarBhniW' 'vi: annulling 'tho ihc’Constitution row coustrui lies b.e raised or pic the Gover.,... put arid rpnde'r |t un equal for the ij>b[ ;cts fp[r which 1 it'was declared lo |[be instituted; • rind to which the poweis given, as-fairly unw dersjoPd, rendei it cpmpetonjt—then wo cannot’ pcrc< ive the propriety of , the strict'constr lotion; noi ridfept itas the role by wjmh the Opnitilution is ip be expotmdjed.”- • ' |.j ► " j I In Martin i ys. Hunter;! hcaton 304, Mr. Justice Story said; { “This instrument,' (tin > Constitution,) . like, any other grant 'is to have |a leaspn abb*‘ constructir naocbhding to the; import of.its terns : and when ajpow :er is expressly given .in ige'nersil terms, dt i« “not to bejrnjtrairicd tp particular [cases, unless that consti;oj;|tiori grows, I out of tlio “pretext :expressiy br by i [necessary impjiiatibri.” i : ,i [ It is concede 1 that in }construing [ | thp Constitutipr wemust-itakp it as a I whole, and, \npt confine the question ! to a single isbjjaj ed grant of power!— I But-where a general pjower is-vested j in plain [and ribiioluto [language, 'with [ one exception, oh proviso for. high, vl ( tal and | imperative purposes, | which twill boicrifp|e«i by interpolating, a ,limitation, the advocate jot -tbe re istrictionj mast je able tci point-out somewhere ijj tfio Constitution a I clause v|rhich declares tlieireatriotipri, or a higher, purpose . which demands it.-,_Bct by so much more as the, life of a nation is [greater thar| the life of an indivjdnalJwhich may be taken to preserve, it, by Bp : much gijpaterjis the high purpose [ofj.raising ah army to prcserveihe.njatipn tbanthe protection I of the rights of the ; individual] , The minor purpose, when urged as jaVrea son for the limitation, cap not i there fore be allowedto control; the ; mean ing of the plain language used lor the major purpose. ! ' - Then the inhe tion to make wi carrying wjth j[tl making" War |«i .power to declare support armies, press po|wcr tof ry .andvprppor, t< info effect, aU:Uf powers | to raisi and thepe are iq highjivilal and .the grant,, i atioosderived f a> duties of the .constitutional i S.ta&s enforce‘;t| i|nforrq tion. denies coer Bosriiq’tliis? ' 2 Ther pow'or to 1 wN abide ip the lap be used atsUl ?.[ war, for thisjW thenation aloft treaties; act requiring tcs, area nation, powers granted Tlicit. Rational n in the powers supremacy pro trament. They >ns ..'of a nation executing, and 2, sot 18) after ■ ittybfdelt-ji rcs-_ ill of the hat are ssoeiation, says; ib is obliged to a right to cvery .s pro3orvatidn> gives os a right 1 1 which wo can on; otherwise it I impossibilities, 1 radict: itself, Tti and at the same, the only means. politic law, (part itsq says; “Tjbe bins na leir preservation ■» x •MW w r i.* .) [1 TVll rent phwera of a na r for self-j-preiertion, em all th;o meant |of foclire, the express war and |o raise and coupled wuh the ex* 3853 air laws necoesai ». carry tljese p&wera site jp ; ;su'|taip.|pg the > armjes pyi 'coercion, tuni sustained by the essential Ipurjioses of rbm tba constitution goternment, ahd the eatricfcions upon the ris ooncluuoW, < i qnly, Conslitu- wfa|| iq, Its par f rW*|, draft rdfMWl injtha tThipiK, •Pd Stages; iQot if it, teronly, hoijr is $ tp ’ They oadnpt declare, wer clearly belongs to j Theycqnnot m,ake st, AUitfiK&e ilor-;*nnto orees to answer soon f Vi msi,:-. '.Jifax >i M>pal*twfcdo,Ue»i fat those jkiwefsbe- tion*iho .QjPyjrnmeat mid lire forbidden,■ tftl,the {States. lc-oi- the'daties ito• the iia-‘ cannot..“grant lettera of marque or tioti and ihe'State imposed upon the “kjepttopps or,,ships of National Government,(and -like daty w *? *•» time of peace;]cn(fr .into. ,j*py to-individuals tb protect theirrighia agrperoentor Cora pact; with’ another guaranteed by*, the Federal Conslitu ststeor Witp « foreign power; dr icn« tion, all give to thoWordstheir uatu a?°j n War ’, e n* ben Actually do* -rat, 1 general and obrlonsSicope. vaded.orio saohdipiDiuent danger .-as- i Then how can it ba jsaid/ the prase wulpotadmitofdplpy," j. “to raiseand 'support' ami©*’’ cannot • Hdoes not belong. fd, the Slates; to* mean to include a draft, because ’this provide' for. excepting thelawb of the would not be by due process of law t\ TTni«)n, _or for stippretemg Inhnirrec* What is the doe process dflaw?— bops. Nor . u boloug 'tci one Ulaesit meanwhena is given Wf in'Plain language, it shall int be ex •ion. Ol what QH.t&eDj ib tho com* ercubd, becauseno exact. PWMftfw.ti) inM iribiefi; totbe of cTSb process oi l*w<ajp>o TonUctln ;• >orneantecodent form; cSVcftCrnidCpt?- : Bpt- it docs beipng ,»to : the United; ;Dohs It incan. that- States* to provide for Thej common dew petent;to declare tiSjdae process of general,weliarp;! to execute law, by prescribing q’t’easonfehle legal the laws of |.the . Union!, to suppress formof prpcedurpjthrongh wbich the insurrections and irebel [.invasions; to power is*to ? If Bo,>d;l-at ; protect the Stateathejrnselves against will tho Fugitive Slave: invasions atjd domestic |violence, and Uaw andnlllnwsrnnder tnosepeculiapj to guaraoteO to, them a republican powers conferred'uniijie GoneralGov* form of government. If we dehy brnmen j having (at the ratification qP the Union the ,means of] raising ar- the no |precedent]]per mica by draft and jc'aye coercion.to haps in the of any country or the State, bow are alPlthese high Fed- The argument which would eral dnties to be perfprmejl ? construe: the meaping of the words When it (hail Congress 'shall “ t 0 >7 .**& have power to call forth I the militiaprovision for due process of lafr, to for three purposes, is clear this is not ?. • n ® ei coercion, jit seems to>tne -is a clear this is not k call |by the States Dn fe«»tJed in an any justjintetprela of their own niilkiai: Cbngress ,ar- tK Jfi.<* instruments . - -,j ganizes armies an'd disciplines, while ■ The apm.ofvtbe is siraply it is left to the I States!tof officer and tbl8 ', that n ? mode can, be used but train only. . The State! cannot consti- om ktioyra before to Qreat ißntein or tutionally know when aid for what tbe United States under the Articles , purpose to call oui-the militia. This i . Confederation.) _ | ■ belongs to .C<w&f|wh jrfiftffc was tegl* k-MJ** th * historical argument, dated, vesting the bower in the Presi. f i b ? l, g h ! cb£ i rm . e<i , w U h , the r,oh " e “. 1 dent and prescribing the Items of its fullness and classical elegance ot the exercise. See acts of 28th Feb. 1,795. effort as a contnbntipo to legal liter and 3d' March, 1807;;Bnkhlly’8 Dig„ ftorp, J, must say tbe .history itselt i3O„. He is to designated the States ! l^avea no impress.qn pn my rmnd, for from wh|eh the rllit a shall come and j several, reasons. Thlre is up special direct whitberj 1 they;'sbkll go.- Thei? usloi 'y hearing directly on.the danse whole '' ' • lati'op 1 ' '" t Stale.' iV> question, to bdp usi out. The his ; • tonan admits the upwer of U.o “con- *nd 'fjc*! srer iftat tha lh« icabs H'ln dif. V»,;oOn intjf . to loot - of ibattbe :ne bow-; • ‘field Is:: ho r goy-i; sluTtbe ? ' :\ OClujslve: iion is. a trtiand declare -f-ommyn t/ • j express •: mg war,: itj of | the;! ; larnjies,”; to thfc ex ,'ans; Only i« purpose than : two! the jjrant the. bt cad is, and' the . say ; tnore, I )damental-j etalien' to 1 ] io Federal' ■ V‘. ; ) Whcnton f‘We know crip- the. co dal to execute thesFedral the call of itie x Ki*i>Bi would be at c ip, ho Letter condition Jtkieles fefsC'onfed^ra] ecu live ot the I Stale supported as he-migh j|eopin, whatrcrnedy t>|syern incut? | Hot inont, foivihat! would St|.te Legislature.' f, •. . C-'Then \yhat becomes of this power tpvVlroft as residing in the State only '—this parens patriot power bo i much, referred to? It isiof ho value to the-. Union, for thejStato i.jj ne ther permit ted nor commanded, ip ;j»e Constitution to use it for national purposes. It is of little value to] the State, for the Federal Goverpraor tpust protect - her against invasion,r t.n i against domes-' tie violence if jher \oosse cpmitatus fail. Thus we havejreaehea a point where an admitted epver gn power is sunk somehow between the twe , Govern ments, and neither ?ab exercise it iqr any national:or valuable purpose. llt is, thercjfore, ais ijrong fact in the Constitution itself,, that correlative to to ; the power. Of tile Union to .raipe armies, and tojorgabiko arm add" dis eipline the militia an 1 call them ffirth. is tho omission of all puthority intho States to raise forces [for national pur poses; and coinciding! with this, that there are constitutional restrictions incompatible . with the exercise of any such power. 1 I' ; I It i s thoughlthe, drafting power is Incompatible witb-.tbe provision for the process of lawu It would bo; a sufficient, answer tppSay, this being true, that the Statdj itself could not draft; for the;, ninth] section of the ninth artiolaof the State Constitution 1 has a provision precisely equivalent, | aq shown, by] Mr. | Justice Curtis in I Murray's Lease vtjll Hoboken Land Company! 181 Howard] 276: the .ex pression “law of thejhind,*' being, tan tamount to “duo prpbjessoflavy.’’ ' t But it is not denied that wherever technical | phrases were used, or ex pressions ! baying a] pxed meaning when ithe Cohsliti tjon was ratified, we should adopt thaSr technical or re ceived sense.:• Hence we interpret' “habeas corpus ,” bbiil of attainder,’’ “levying , war,” by jury,” by their known - meaning at the time- But the language I‘tp raise and port armies” was neither technical.nor dxed in meaning as to any pttitionlar mpde means ascertained at the time, and waa corpnbaed of words‘of Ordinary import. J,T my haye up spe cial history bearing upon their use.— The power to draft in admitted in the .When' the with, powors {contained in] langakgo bpt-to carry the, draft] n<>] exception ..was made,'apd. dne\!pwess;of. law yyas, hot prbsoribod Jifanj ■ particular: for ml ready.shown, the inherent powsr>Jof a natiop and duty of self preservd- i •i. V- I= IIMMI Jj yl Ulv "?»'"T j scription” iu the Stalls, which thero u :.? v .'‘ | for<j could impart it.jto the Union.— militia; The .history of : G|reai Brittain is wir.a, 1 oqui vocal, and the distinction between ■ *» °p conscription; and impressment known cscaa • I at the formation of tnoCoustitmion, is v the strongest feasop why tUoJattcr, .nnot a t least, should bayh been provided w^) > 8 against. Colonial history furnishes .no aigipnont; for impressment was a •S?.; complaint agaihettbe . King j,t<» ?be Tlrf the JDeclarpHOn of.lndepond- VWi.fiSd.-.Wlt-sfa no provision - #ai~ l l&totfc nndetrihe. ny.*j^^^ng*7qrthcwhßftne«of-theGonfed . j • iteration was one of I the very reasons .rested with : j f Ol . forming the eonstitution.-, The /Ut her militia j,i ainco its adoption, is no hotter: '^ W fr since 17,89 until; now* a rconscrip mt, Uie Um°n ( t,° n (i mB nevol beep necessary. The lg fr U nojrcepiittti. i! S.o far w" r* 6 ; as o °i territory win involved.’it was , * ?•£*'; a Wiir of invasion by <t distant, ocean- Tk' 1 k \ »,*• a . ’. divined country, intkpable ("owing To » f UI l 1 kale of naval affairs) of .throfwiing 3 as tlie Fqderql, a iorcq upon W shores, *s]o6hC, ' , eri I J n P ‘ i *lßo mngmtiulo and power depend on tTm tW ve heliipn. V wi.s a period I the prdporti on of the popuja | tiopTo the number needed; was vastly i gi cater, and when the .spirit of union, “an d. patriotism was easily invoked ja i gainst apeimmon foe; while now the, i coWtry is a\p reyio rebellion, tirup ;tic n,! disloyalty, want of sympathy, ! and all the ills of an; insurrection syith -1 in ilsown bosom. I, The whole current o. history, therefore, proves the most Jp:o)>iprebensible dullness in a - body Jot men barejtolofe (renowned for’ their •wisdom, in hot providing against > a tyranny' alleged to he so grosa.yet within their view;| hr it speaks trura ; against tb6 very .inter-! pijetation it is i to support. ■ , I. have alluc’ v , not developed, thje Federal dr ateetion to the pCrsoutd.rigi lividualsi The right of war is a.t the,, foundation Of , all govermehtal protection. *lf the rights of citizens: he invaded by for eign powers, a relsort. to arms is the I ©fly answer to justice-denied.' If [rights be 1 denied fay Stages against the (declared provision of the Constitution j securing of privilege, military (force ;is- theT&najl remedy; Turn to (Article 1, Section 9i Article 4th, jand to the ; Amendments, Sntd see how many*; and infpokant are' these rights. If State privileges he denied, contracts impaired, ek post facto laws enforced, personal:liberty abridged, thje trial by jury infringed-, of (any other right thus secured denied, This fabt brings ns into the Federal. Confts, whose judgments 1 become: law, and. therefore entitled to. the. .aid. of the arrq of .the nation .to.cdmpel tb'eirexontiph. Let bitter inter»Stales, ccjntroversy arisejand .the people ;be. cqine; blind to jusjtipe and insensible!,to reasojn, and valuol lhis sovereign eph tilling power immediatoly riscs to. v|bw. ;>• ■% \ -J [Yet, with the Federal Constitution before our eyes, securing to the citizen; allhisgreat (yid fundamental rights personal and (civil’ liberty, and §idge|eacfa branch of thro Government, (he soleipn sanctions fif. oaths and the penalty of irapeacbipgnt, to.: the execution ofiU4aw4,it is[argoed that the (WiiU.lary necehsary to the final and complete, prctec.tion pjf- those dirties* cannot be given ta U,(btii must be .ves ted »n sovoieigntieS; wanting iii MworT beyond their, own, ,oy l (fe'aty'rpf fciirsr.ch, inferior |n ; meah«., nhpledgeS ta cordant in pnfpose and in gg»k>o. r» I ; jiiad on what {jleaTtthitr Fonoo^’ lit ■ '.‘.fV-; .li--’ ■■■ ■:- • ■I-*' 1 • 5 ■ -V' "".iri 1-Ut- -fix'. ■>’ - V'- •: ] 'i !«;>r «:• V f ' }.: Vt h:-\ mom • h - H s “-5# I *-■*' v' -f i** ’>• rfs*S. .1 ’*"’ * NOTICE TO ADVI v #6 «*bliL: I AdtertiMra, and on long .. '■, ■j; .; A Bjiae* equal to ol thiftypa -;.' *cJ*r ' : 4 mm,****** *»«■*> .-.* 11111 only: "inlet >• - )A j iiign posttion foutidea- in a '• fptal V disregard 1 of the fact that iii ~ - to ithe nnd ddtfißTeitbd hyth«j 1 is the supliejtae law fartd. a thA {^dmy ment -is: ; thb firsfr»td : hfgtoek-. rep* | he tbe atrongeat-’ bulwark ; i ' lights. -Is not.the Efi«htfTfc'l|»lbotM by the people, and ■ directly-»&pO®hi* -Tv-And dreriot- thAmtitn*-, ■ tiers of the Houee the pf.jthe peoplo, eledled-by theta, and ' boidingthfe.purbb strings «r(he.ttattoni ■{ - bbth toniy* liad ' ' 1 -Kiwnitfyelii jtlbb ;pedme! ; ’*htaSar thitti iS in’ favorofthendtihuytbat of the ndible|pebpiefcdrttrbl it : hentty.of wWlO'tbeStateanreoOn- jarring. hndHarseotdaUtilnV , ; ugggSsf :; Wb|ehf' tbbe ,|- sgp'i the vital powers 'of the,rtatipn at H.as,''U eoeiribjte ! iinb | no. /.„• illustration raorefutuig of iEsOp, in whichythe : members ire fep^efeented’a9^reyeli|ing:;BgftVpet' i tlie ■ y :l stomach, the source bf their Strength. - .There are strong j cbnsideretibns’in support of the pbvreriio drptt{ '..ptfafbg'/. - in the character of that vblbbtaiy ene ( lietmcntwhleh bottom; of . the opposite argon opt. f | ' ; , ■ Courtifrs may v biipej*‘in, theear ■<tf thriving can/d*> no wrong.” Demagogues map ; sound, the: praise* / } of the people. ; BuxJCourts of Justice! as well as human nature, can found nothing on the mere] willingness of I men to perform legal duties ifi the' , absence of tbs sanction pt-|*w. ■ What ' is truefoundation jbf piyil libeftylr-. ' Whyi hre laws and boMtitutiobs. forin r ' ed? ‘For , inal jurisprudence established?. Why are governmental slpfmors given to protect society against sedition,' and ianrrjc'eUony Clearly to defend man against himself. I'" U ■■' Why does the Constitution, ghtaran* ' tee Vo the Stales a; republicanfromof government ?’-Dies-not this import tliatja majorly,: ot" sonic large, portion of the people, is potent to destroy > tbeii] o'vp libertlecli -Why prolootthe.! Slates against domiestie; violence,'e.n*,v force the execution! |of tlio .-an d -' ' suppress hytjip-afin of. ; toi.lUacy [• power? Do . not Vfcll j ■ these : imply. pomrootmn vdii*; ; snbramevon :to therefore noßular willingness - : Tlioij - no ■flattering incense tip the] pride -of pop*', : •|olarj vanity,-' mere}willingness JonO Isabhtitute for anttiqrity, arfid:n<f foUU-3 idation- for gcviirnmental' power:' In the na.ne ol civil iherlydnuja nutionfs' 'welfare, are the sa n ity aindi-prloHperl-,' ty of th isjtl oven m eij ft o hereated on ■ the changing passim iis-’tif mankind, tin- ~ support oil by a pinerof coaimaud?.; . VVho are Vho ■'peiplo? Were -they. those who, acqordii ig ftp the fbrnis '6f r T tho(Consiitution,'in iKSQ'fch',/so a Fres- \ ident? Ue : wields ! hff 'a'vvlul autliori- y ty of the v nati on,! ye tit may. ho kuidfi.e i] represur.tsininorify.yiewsiv .and popu- i jar^'willingnessWv ill_. -therpuppnj' rof|itio. i to enlist. Were they those who in 1862: ij 3 popular voice ofihe great States of Inew York,; I'ennsyl- ; vania, Indianti .Or iwere they those who produced-a counter ’ revoliitiou in 1863 ip the same Statm, thereby reinsiati ig' popnlHf > nes9?|; And. remuluber HLis'is- no np< ■ meaning (juostfoii, when you consider . the jjower .of .. f.. i Can it.he that this heaven Uniop the light of the rhopoj of the' worldv .pTOtfihfbr ! of f - States, the defend er tdghts, the guarantee' of free 1 : government, i ! 'sha'llfdepenil for its own” safety and for the perform iheo of all,' itg high]' dptiejs; oi£ the ’ejver-eb*ungingiiaea; qfl popular opinicn, the varying mohda of State Executives. ■':■ ■, 'j v When the voice of the people tlirbugH; thef forms of the Consfi tutiop fromj the ballot-box, the great rule of governmehtyiapd subntit'ld what it decide*} i every other act of power, ,it'ls T ubt6ntl only] within the scope of its authonlyh Then surely the interests of a .nation have not beep 'fnade dependentljoin the' discordant tones, of local divislo.ns.— If their 1 vbideß' »!peak Vo us| fw»mr.the ever-changing.sppts oil the bhess board of Stales, hop? wc learn this les - ' son,of w iHingnesa in' natinnal affai rs J ■■■ Is H the intentlph of. tlib i 1 that {every gres^ ; - - ed itself u ppn j the] jextremes'Of pppuTar t opinion,- sbalii depend'for-ff* stippresa on, the bnstahle y illingnessiof ; then tjo ’ enlist?| Yet lhis is the jlbctrine which y scants the power to enforctr War'by ; : arms, and rest it upon Ihe sheer inV i pulses of the pebple. I apeak, of pa tiopalforces, not forgetting tne mililia, as we shall presently see. 1 deny, then, that l interpretatibn of the Constitution which Wouid by .mere imp|icalian, dfestjfcjy it* ils - : cojnfjistbney; its d^|y,}i|fs s i f'ppyrer and .iny-, self! thissuicide. of nation^!';drt'itub' • paihe .'of pat-/ j-iobsm and oiVibi ?*fv [cohlu try4 Welfertf, ,Ha honor and' renirwjf} ! ; ■; ;dnr ‘-j -yedNA^^ne^f-jitot^^e:, ighb re tfaM.uOhuttetrbif Swteh > wHbb! j brought, the Constiitfiftin 'eSik- - eneo, “In orderi w I'm, joetio. insw* eWXtfw^ IP s -ri''.i •- rnsEH^r =MI • i>;
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