Events of the Year 1916 and Classified Death Record of Noted Peo- ple --- Personal, Political Reviewed All Sorts of Happenings the World Over During the Past Twelve Months PERSONAL—POLITICAL 120. 7. 5. JANUARY. King Constantine appealed to the United States against aggressions by the allies. Japan renewed the seven demands on China, which that power rejected in January, 1915, as being oppressive. FEBRUARY. Secretary of War Garrison resigned. President Wilson asked congress to act on the arming of merchantmen, etc. MARCH. The United States senate voted to support the president's submarine pol- icy, 68 to 14. The house voted to sustain the presi- dent's foreign policy, 276 to 142. MAY. United States declined Germany's pro- posal that the allies be forced to re- spect neutral! rights. JUNE. Louis D. Brandeis confirmed justice of the United States supreme court. Iowa rejected woman suffrage. 7. 10. 20. 17. Phote by American Press Association. PRESIDENT WILSON. HE wow = The Republican and the Progressive national conventions met in Chicago. Charles E. Hughes nominated for president by the Republican conven- tion and Charles Warren Fairbanks for vice president. The Progressives named Theodore Roosevelt and John M. Parker of Louisiana. President Woodrow Wilson and Vice President Thomas R. Marshall renom- inated at St. Louis. Germany and Austria concluded a treaty of military and commercial al- liance for 25 years’ duration. JULY. Japan and Russia signed treaty of alltance. SEPTEMBER. Japan made four new demands on China with regard to recent conflict in Mongolia and asked four conces- sions in the same case. OCTOBER. United States notified allied powers that it would continue to apply exist- ing rules of international law to sub- marines. Allies took control of Athens by force. NOVEMBER. Austria and Germany proclaimed Po- land an independent state. Resignation of Dr. Dumba, Aus- trian ambassa- dor, recalled at the request of the United States, was ac- cepted by the Austrian emper- or. son . re-elected president. Elec- toral vote: Wil- son, 276; Hughes, 255. Popular vote (approximate): Wilson, 8,575,%1; Hughes, 8,144,455. DECEMBER. Last session of 64th congress met. Premier Asquith of England resigned. Lloyd-George made premier. New British cabinet announced. MEXICO MARCH. Francisco Villa, outlawed Mexican, raided Columbus, N. M., set fires and killed 18 Americans; finally driven back to Mexico by United States cav- alry; upward of 100 Villistas killed. Punitive expedition ordered into Mex- ico to disperse the bandit bands. United States troops mobilized on the Mexican border. Carranza refused permission to United States troops to enter Mexico. Carranza was granted reciprocal priv- ileges to send troops over the border. Col. G. A. Dodd and Gen. Pershing led two columns of cavalry into Mex- ico to pursue Villa's bands. Mexican generals prohibited United States troops from entering towns. 23 of Vilia’s band, including Gen. Goz- man, killed in action with Carranza troops. Villa reported wounded. Col. G. A. Dodd’s column of the 7th and 10th United States cavalry defeat- ed 600 Villistas at Guerrero; 30 Mexi- cans killed, 4 cavalrymen wounded. APRIL. Col. Brown's 10th cavalry defeated Villistas at Aguascalientes, killing 30 bandits. Col. Gonzales’ Mexican troops repulsed an attack of Villistas at Par- ras, killing 42 bandits. Mexican troops, led by Gen. Cavazos, routed. Villa and his bodyguard, kill- ing 10 bandits. . Mexico declared that no permission had been granted the United States to use Mexican railroads. United States soldiers attacked by Mexican soldiers and sailors at Par- ral. Carranza asked to open negotiations for the withdrawal of United States army from Mex- ico. Gen. Scott, Gen. Funston and the Mexican Gen. Obregon met at Juare, Mexico, to dis- cuss the mili- Photo by American tary situation Press Association. along the bor- der. GEN. OBREGON. ‘ The United States and Mexican con- ferees at Juarez were deadlocked over the withdrawal of United States troops from Mexican soil. MAY. Maj. R. L. Howze, 11th cavalry bat- talion, routed bandits near Ojo-Azules, killing 42. Mexican bandits raided Glen Springs, ex. Militia of Texas, New Mexico and Arizona ordered to Mexico. United States again warned Ameri- cans to leave Mexico. Conference at El Paso, on withdrawal of United States troops from Mexico, was suspended; no agreement reached. Carranza’s government asked for im- mediate withdrawal of all United States troops from Mexico, alleging bad faith and the violation of Mexl- can sovereignty. JUNE. Anti-American riot in Chihuahua City, Mexico; a protest against the pres- ence of American troops. Mexicans burned United States con- sulate at Durango City, Durango, alse insulted the flag. Woodrow Wil- 16. 25. 16. LIEUT. SHACKLETON. 16. a. 12, 17. ‘Col. and Sporting Events. Mexican Situation. Gen. Trevino notified Gen. Pershing that movement of troops s@uth, east or west, would be considered a hos- tile act. President Wilson called out the or- ganized militia of the whole country for service on the Mexican border. War vessels ordered south to Mexi- can waters. President Wilson notified the Mexican government that American troops would not be withdrawn from Mexi- can soil and would remain solely to protect the United States border. Two troops of the 10th cavalry were in action outside Carrizal, 90 miles south of Juarez, with Carranza forces. Mexican Gen. Felix Gomez was killed; also Capt. C. T. Boyd and Lieut. Adair of the 10th cavalry. The affair resulted from an attempt by the cav- alry to march westward in defiance of Gen. Trevino’s notice of the 16th. 23 troopers were made prisoners by the Mexicans, 13 killed and 16 missing. Militia ordered to proceed to the Mex- ican border. President Wilson demanded the imme- diate release of the Carrizal war pris- oners. 23 negro prisoners taken by Mexicans at Carrizal were delivered to the Unit- ed States forces at El Paso. JULY. G. A. Dodd, leader of an ad- vance into Mexico, promoted to brig- adier general. Carranza troops fought Villistas at Los Nievos (The Snows), near Jiminez. National guardsmen from department of the east on the Mexican border numbered 52,000. AUGUST. Mexico appointed members of a joint commission to confer on the issues with the United States. Franklin XK. Lane, Judge George Gray and Dr. John R. Mott appointed for the United States on Mexican joint commission. SEPTEMBER. Joint American-Mexican conference met at New London, Conn. A band of 500 to 1,700, led by Villa, raided Chihuahua City. Fighting re- ported with Carranza troons. NOVEMBER. Villistas defeated by Mexican regu- lars at Chihuahua. American-Mexican protocol signed. Villistas attacked Chihuahua City and drove out Carranza’s troops. + ECEMBEK. Villistas driven from Chihuahua City. SHIPWRECK MARCH. 8panish steamer Principe de Austurias | sunk off San Sebastao: over 400! drowned. MAY. Steamer 8S. R. Kirby wrecked on Lake Superior, off Eagle river; 20 drowned. 9. Steamer Roan- oke foundered off the coast of California; 24 drowned. 31. Lieut. Shackle- ton cabled from the Falkland is- lands that his exploring ship Ikndurance was crushed Oct. 27, 1915, and that 22 survivors were icebound on Elephant island. 4 AUGUST. Steamer Admiral Clark, from Port Arthur, Tex., foundered; 21 lives lost. United States armored cruiser Mem- phis (formerly Tennessee) wrecked in a hurricane in Santo Domingo har- bor; 30 of the crew dead, 7 injured. OCTOBER. Steamer Nerida lost in a storm on Lake Erie, with 25 sailors. The James B. Colgate also went down with 21 sailors. NOVEMBER. Steamers Retriever and Connemara wrecked off Irish coast; 92 lives lost. SPORTING JANUARY. Nick Gianakopulos, Greek ath'ete, won the national cross country title by outrunning Hannes Kolehmainen, at New York. MARCH. Jess Willard outpointed Frank Moran in a 10 round combat at Madison Square Garden, New York. MAY. Miss Molla Bjurstedt retained the Wo- men's Metropolitan singles champion- ship title by defeating Miss Marie Guthrie at the Forest Hills tennis court, N. Y. Friar Rock, three-year-old, owned by August Belmont, won the historic Suburban race at Belmont park, N. Y. JUNE. Oswald Kirkby defeated Fred Herres- hoff for the Metropolitan golf ama- teur championship, 3 up and 1 to play, at Glen Cove. N. Y, Molla Bjurstedt again won the women's tennis singles cham- pionship over Mrs. Edward Raymond by scores of 6-0, 6-1. Syracuse won the varsity 4 miles at Pough- keepsie. Time (Varsity)—Syra- 4 cuse, 20:15 2-5; photo by American Cornell, 20:224-5; Press Association. Columbia, 20.41 ” The 1-5; Pennsylva- CHICK” EVANS, nia, 20:524-5. Junior Varsity—Syra- cuse, 11:152-5: Cornell, 11.20 3-5; Co- lumbia, 11:32; Pennsylvania, 12:06 1-5. Chick (Charles) Exans won the na- tional open golf championship, one of the two greatest golf honors in the United States; the third amateur to win the American open title. His to- tal score was 286 strokes for 72 holes, a record. AUGUST. The lawn tennis doubles champions, W. M. Johnston and C. J. Griffin, re- tained their titles by defeating Mc- Loughlin and Dawson at Forest Hills, N. Y.; scores, 6-4, 5-7, 6-3. SEPTEMBER. Welsh, lightweight champion boxer of the world, defended his title at Colorado Springs by defeating White in 20 rounds. Richard Norris Willlams of Philadel- phia won the mmational tennis cham- 11. 18. 10. 18. 17. 5. 11. 1 £3. 3. 19. Photo by American 17. Press Association. plonship Ly defeating Willlam M. Johnston of San Francisco at Forest Hills, N. Y. Score, 4-6, 6-4, 6-2, 6-4. Charles Evans, Jr. (‘Chick’), won the national amateur golf championship by defeating Champion Robert A. Gardiner at Philadelphia, 4 up and 3 to play. New York Baseball club (Giants) com- pleted a string of 21 consecutive games by defeating St. Louis (Cardinals) in a double header in New York. OCTOBER. Boston Red Sox clinched American league pennant. Brooklyn clinched the National league pennant. Red Sox defeated Brooklyn in the 5th and deciding game of the world series, winning the championship. Michigan defeated Syracuse at foot- ball at Ann Arbor; score, 14 to 13. NOVEMBER. Ohio State defeated Indiana at foot- ball at Coiumbus, 46 tc 7. Cornell de- feated Michigan at Ithaca, 23 to 20. Harvard beat Princeton, 3 to 0, at Cambridge. Brown's team beat Yale, 21 to 6, at New IHaven. Pennsylvania and Dartmouth tied, 7 to 7, at Phil- adelphia. Yale defeated Princeton, 10 to 0, ar football. Brown beat Harward, 21 to 0. Pennsylvania beat Michigan, 10 to 1. at Ann Arbor. Yale defeated Harvard at New Ha- ven, 6 to 3. Army beat Navy, 15 to 7. Wisconsin tied with Illinois, 0 to 0 Chicago lost to Minnesota, 49 to 0. Colgate defeated Brown, at Provi. dence, 28 to 0. DECEMBER. National College Athletic association met in New York. MISCELLANEOUS JANUARY. Germary assured the United States that submarine warfare in the Med- iterranean would be conducted accord- ing to the rules of international law. Germany disavowed the sinking of the Lusitania and promised repara- tion for American lives lost. Sweden protested against British in- fractions of her commercial rights. FEBRUARY. Captive British steamer Appam arriv- ed as a German prize at Norfolk, Va. German order to sink armed enemy merchantmen arrived in Washington. The United States senate ratified treaty with Nicaragua for a trans- oceanic canal route to cost the United States $3,000,000. The United States ratified a treaty with Hayti, assuming a protectorate over that republic. MARCH. Germany stated her new U boat pol- icy against merchant ships. APRIi. The European allies refused to stop seizure of neutral mails. President Wilson before joint session of congress announced that Germany had been notified that submarine war- fare against merchant ships must be abandoned. British reply note defended interfer- ence with neutral trade as incident to altered conditions of warfare. Irish Sinn Fein patriots rebelled in Dub- lin, seized the postoffice and other points in the city. British troops recaptured points in Dublin. Martial law declared for Ire- land. Sir Roger Casement captured while attempting to land arms. MAY. Sinn Feiners throughout Ireland sur- rendered. Irish rebel leaders, including Pearse, provisional president, shot in London Tower for treason. Four executions for treason in Ireland. The United States marines landed in Santo Domingo to protect the Ameri- can legation. Germany agreed to ‘‘visit and search” rules for submarines. Germany admitted sinking the Sussex and offered indemnity. Connolly, Irish rebel commander, shot in London Tower. United States notified Great Britain that it could no longer tolerate ‘law- less mail seizures by British patrol ships on the high seas.’ JUNE. New United States army bill became law, federalizing the militia and in- creasing the regular army. Yuan Shih Kali, president of the Chi- nese republic, died in Peking; suc- ceeded by Vice President Li Yuan Hung. JULY. New United States army reorganiza- tion law in effect. 9. German mer- chantsubmarine Deutschland reached Ralti- more, 16 days out from Helgo- land port. Her captain, Paul Koenig, stated that his vessel was a pioneer of regular serv- ice. Rural credits bill became law. Paralysis cases in . New York deaths. Carr. KOENIG. i city totaled 2,500; 487 AUGUST. German merchant submarine Deutsch- land sailed from the Virginia capes for Germany. 8ir Roger Casement, Irish revolution- ist, hanged for treason in London. Lieut. Shackleton reached Falkland islands and reported his failure to reach Elephant island and rescue his crew. United States and Denmark signed treaty for the cession of the Danish’ West Indian islands to the United States; price $25,000,000. Merchant submarine Deutschland, which sailed from Virginia on the 2d, arrived at Bremen, Germany. SEPTEMBER. 8 hour railroad labor bill signed by the president. Deaths from paralysis plague in New York city reached 2,047. Lieut. Shackleton, antarctic explorer, landed in Chile with 22 survivors of marooned Elephant island party. U-53 sank 5 ships off Nantucket. OCTOBER. German submarine U-53 dropped an- chor in Newport harbor at the end of 17 days’ run from Wilhelm<haven. NOVEMBER. Merchant submarine Deutschland reached New London, 21 days out of Bremen. U boat 53 reached home port. Victor Carlstrom broke the American cross country aviation record by fly- ing from Chicago to Erie, Pa., 454 miles, in 4 hours and 16 minutes; he reached New York. Ruth Law landed at New York after a record nonstop flight on the way from Chicago of 668 miles. Merchant submarine Deutschland sail- ed from New London for Bremen. DECEMBER. Bartholdi's Liberty statue York harbor illuminated. The Deutschland reached home port. United States Steel wage increase schedule in effect for 250,000 employees; annual total, $50,000,000. Partial eclipse of the sun; invisible in America. in New A A———————-——- —-——-——————————————————————————————_—————————E—————— 19. 12. 11. 31 13. 22 12 2 16. 17. 19. 10. 12. 16. 17. 18. 17. 16. 17. Photo by American Press Association. J en. OBITUARY JANUARY. Gen. Grenville W. Dodge, noted Fed- eral commander in the civil war, at Council Bluffs, Ia.; aged 87. Ada Rehan, noted retired actress, in New York; aged Eb. Gen. Victoriano Huerta, former pro- visional president of Mexico, at El Paso, Tex. Jeannette L. Gilder, writer, critic and editor, in New York; aged 66. FEBRUARY. John Townsend Trowbridge, poet and story writer, at Arlington, Mass.; aged 89. Dr. Allyn Gorton, “Father of Eugen- ics,”’ in Brooklyn; aged £3. Henry James, noted author, at Chel- sea, England; aged 73. MARCH. Carmen Sylva, poet and novelist, dow- ager queen of Roumania, at Bukha- rest; aged 72. Jean Mounet-Sully, Paris; aged 5. Former United States Senator Henry Gassaway Davis, at Washington; aged 93. Robert Burns Wilson, poet and artist, in New York city; aged 64. APRIL. Geo. W. Smalley, noted American journalist, in London; aged 83. MAY. Clara Louisa Kellogg, once noted prima donna, at New Hartford, Conn.; aged 73. Rev. Dr. Timothy Dwight, former president of Yale university, at New Haven, Conn.; aged 87. Gen. J. 8S. Gallieni, French flank attack at the Marne bat- tie, Sept. 7, 1914, in Paris. Harry Hawk, the actor, on the boards at Ford's theater when President Lin- coln was assassinated. April 14, 1865, died at Granville, Engla 'd; aged 79. French actor, in James J. Hill, railroad magnate, at St. Paul; aged 77. Col. John Singleton Mosby, noted Confederate cavalry leader in the civil war, at Washington; aged 82. JUNE. John R. McLean, publisher of the Washington Post and Cincinnati En- quirer; aged 67. Edward S. Ellis, and historian, aged 76. American novelist at Cliff Island, Me.; JULY. 3. Mrs, Hetty Green, known as the richest we- man in the world, in New York city; aged 82. 15. Prof. Elie Met- chnikoff, noted bacteriologist, sharer in the Nobel prize for medical re- WHITCOMB RILEY, ah Paris; James Whitcomb Riley, popular poet, at Indianapolis; aged 68 (about). AUGUST. Gen. D. McM. Gregg, cavalry leader in the civil Reading, Pa.; aged 83. Gen. C. J. Paine, soldier and promi- nent yachtsman, at Weston, Mass.; aged 83. John P. St. John, noted prohibition leader, nominee for president in 1884, at Olathe, Kan.; aged 83. SEPTEMBER. Samuel W. Pennypacker, noted ex- governor of Pennsylvania; aged 72. Horace White, old time journalist, in New York city; aged 82. Basil W. Duke, brigade leader under John H. Morgan, the Confeder- ate raider, in New York city; aged 78. Seth Low, educator and civic leader, in New York city; aged 65. Prof. Frank Dempster Sherman, art teacher and poet, in New York city; aged 56. oo! war, at OCTOBER. Maj. William Warner, former United States senator from Missouri and past commander in chief of the G. A. R,, in Kansas City, Mo.; aged 76. William M. Chase, noted portrait painter, in New York city; aged 67. Charles Taze Russell, preacher and ed- itor, known as ‘Pastor’ Russell, at Pampa, Tex.; aged 64. NOVEMBER. Charles N. Flagg, portrait painter, in Hartford, Conn.; aged 69. Percival Lowell, astronomer, at Flag- staff, Ariz.; aged 61. Molly Elliott Seawell, ncvel- ist and play- wright, in Wash- ington; aged b6. Henryk Sienkie- wicz, Polishnov- elist, author “Quo Vadis” and a Polish tale, ‘Fire and Sword,” “The Deluge,” etc., at JOSEPH. Berne, Switzerland, aged 70. John J. Ennekin, noted painter, in Boston; aged 76. Capt. J. C. Clark, veteran clown, at Long Branch; aged 85. Franz Joseph, emperor of Austria and king of Hungary; aged 86. Jack London, author; aged 40. Sir Hiram Maxim, inventor, in Lon- don; aged 76. DECEMBER. John D. Archbold, oil magnate; aged 8 : landscape Field Marshal Oyama, commander of the Japanese army in the war with Russia; aged 74. JANUARY. National Civic federation met Washington. Biennial convention of United Mine ‘Workers of America met at Indian- apolis. in FEBRUARY. First convention of Chamber of Com- merce of the United States met in ‘Washington. APRIL. National Congress of Mothers met in Nashville, Tenn. National Academy of Scientists met in Washington. Daughters of the American Revolution met in Wash- ington. MAY. United Confederate Veterans met at Birmingham, Ala. JULY. National Education association met in New York. AUGUST. 50th national encampment of the Grand Army of the Republic opened at Kansas City, Mo. SEPTEMBER. National conference of Catholic socie- ties met in Washington. NOVEMBER. ‘W. C. T. U. annual convention met at Indianapolis. DECEMBER. American Association For the Ad- vancement of Science met in New York. Geological society of America met at Albany. American Historical society met in Cincinnati. leader of the noted Federal A , Great Drives and Battles of the Armies In 1916. Thirteen Nations In the Field *0 0000000000 — WEST FRONT. JANUARY. 9. Germans sprang a heavy attack on a five mile front near Tahure, in the Champagne, on ground the French captured in September, 1915. FEBRUARY. Germans began a heavy attack on the Verdun salient along a 25 mile front; gains at some points were 2 miles deep. Giant armored French fort Douau- mont, 4 miles from Verdun city and one of iis permanent fortifications, captured by Brandenburg Germans. Germans captured 6 fortified French villages in the Verdun salient, with 7,000 prisoners. Germans had intrenched on a 12 mile front of ground captured before Ver- dun. ® 8 8 MARCH. Germany's captures to date at Verdun were 26,000 prisoners, 41 cannon and 232 machine guns. French repelled five German attacks at Vaux, near Verdun. Germans captured Malancourt, in the Verdun area, but were repulsed at Dead Man's hill, according to French report. 13. 17. APRIL. 9. In an offensive on a 13 mile front at Verdun the Germans captured 500 vards of trenches on hill 29, near Dead Man's hill, No. 304. Assailants used liquid fire. MAY. French line held firm and drove back Germans around Vaux. Germans claimed repulse of 2 French attacks near Dead Man's hill JUNE. Germans captured Fort Vaux, called the “key to Verdun,” with its garri- son of 700; also captured Rooge, in Belgium, making Verdun advance since June 1 nearly 2 miles wide. Germans resumed vigorous attacks at Verdun on both sides of the Meuse. French recaptured Thiaumont (held by Germans since June 23), hut were driven out by nightfall. JULY. 1. French retook Thiaumont; lost it at 3 p. m. and regained it at 4:30 p. m. Concerted French and British drive be- gun on the north and south banks of the Somme river; villages and towns and even miles of trenches captured on a 2% mile front. 11. ~y 21 30. France reported 754 French towns and communes destroyed by war. 554 towns captured by Germans, 16,669 houses destroy- ed and 15,%4 damaged. 3. British attack, led by Gen. Haig, centered around La Bois- Photo by American Press Association. selle, aiming for 3 3 GEN. Haia. Bapaume. French continued attacks toward Pe- ronne. Allies claimed 12,000 prisoners. Germans retook Fort Thiaumont. Germans made counterattacks on the Somme, but were repulsed; also near Luneville, Lorraine. French and Brit- ish were also repulsed at Hardecourt and on the La Boisselle front. British attack on the Somme covered 8 mile front, including La Boisselle, Contalmaison, Wood of Mametz and Trones woods. British captured Cogptalmaison. Ger- mans repulsed French south of the Somme. : Germans launched heavy attack on the British new positions east of Ba- zentin and recaptured Delville wood and Longueval. British attacked at Ovillers ana Pozieres. Allies attacked along the front of 17 miles on the Somme with 200,000 men (Jerman estimate). At one point the German first line was pressed back 800 yards and the salient at Vermandovil- lers penetrated; elsewhere repulsed. SEPTEMBER. Anglo - French forces captured Combles, on the Somme front. OCTOBER. French attacked on a 4 1-3 miles front at Verdun, capturing a fort of Douau: mont and 3,500 prisoners. (Germans captured Douaumont May 24, 1916). NOVEMBER. 3. French reoccupied Fort Vaux, Verdun. British launched new drive on the Ancre line 5 miles wide. DECEMBER. 6. After prolonged bombardment and suc- cessive attacks at Verdun the Germans captured the summit of hill 304. WAR ON THE SEA. TANUARTY. 7. Germany agreed that survivors on liners torpedoed would not be sent adrift in open boats and that she would pay for lives lost on the IL.u- sitania. all 1. 12. 18. MARCH. b. German sea raider Moewe, after months of cruising in South African waters, during which she captured the British ship Appam and sank 15 mer- chantmen, reached home port laden with prisoners and gold. British steamer Sussex torpedoed and sunk in the English channel; 55 deaths. , MAY. 5. Germany agreed to modify submarine warfare on merchant ships. German high seas fleet and a heavy squadron of the British grand fleet fought several hours off the coast of Jutland. The Germans reported loss of 5 cruisers, 1 hattleship and 6 de- stroyers. British lost 6 warships and 8 destroyers with 2 battleships in doubt. British loss of life about 6,000; German, about 4,000. OCTOBER. 8. Submarine TU-53 sank three British, one Dutch and one Norwegian ships off Nantucket shoals. All on board were saved. * RUSSIAN FRONT. JANUARY. 8. New Russian drive in Bukowina cen- tered in battle for Czernowitz. MARCH. Russian attack checked at Dvinsk, with “enormous losses’ to the assail- ants. JUNE. 7. Russia reported that Gen. Brusiloff's offensive in Volhynia, Bukowina and Galicia had netted 40,000 prisoners, 77 guns, 154 machine guns and 49 mor- tars besides arms and equipment. World's War Summarized Under Many Topical Heads Greatest Naval Battle of the War---Land Combats Numerous, Fierce and Deadly +0000 00009 10. 1. 12. 15. 12. 18. 24. 11. 8 14. 16. 16 Russians captured Dubno, Volhynia; 33,000 prisoners claimed in the day's fighting and ‘booty in enormous quan- tities.” After a long campaign against Czer- nowitz, Austrian capital of Bukowina, the Russians entered the city. It had changed hands many times since 1914. JULY. Russians broke Austro-German line northwest of Lutsk, forcing abandon- ment of positions beyond river Stok- hod, which Russians crossed. NOVEMBER. Austro-Germans broke through the Russian lines in the Halicz section. Gen. Brusiloff’s Russian armies began a drive southward across the Carpa~ thians to succor the Roumanians in Wallachia. DECEMBER. Russian advance across the Carpa- thians southward checked by small reverses in Moldavia. SOUTH AND BALKAN FRONT. JANUARY. Allies evacuated the Gallipoli peninsu- la, leaving to the Turks enormous plunder. British loss in the campaign 150,000. FEBRUARY. Russians captured Erzerum, with 13,- 000 Turks and 323 guns. MARCH. British attack on Tigris front repulsed by counterattack of Turks. British lost 6,000 killed and wounded. APRIL. Austrians in great force attacked Ital- ian positions in the Plezzo basin, Tren- tino, and were repulsed, according to Italian report. Italians recaptured po- sition on Monte Sperone, which the Austrians captured on the 1th. Russians captured Trebizond, an im- portant Turkish town on the Black sea, by a land and sea attack. British under Gen. Townshend sur- rendered Kut-el-Amara, Mesopotamia, to the Turks, with about 10,000 troops, after prolonged siege. MAY. Italians continued retreat in Trentino. Austria claimed 23,000 prisoners in the Tyrol campaign. JUNE. Italians opened a counter offensive in the zone of Austria’s maximum effort, May 30 and 31. Result reported ‘‘disastrous to the invaders.” Italians began an offensive movement in Trentino. Austrians reported in general retreat. AUGUST. Italians captured Goritz, the supposed key to Trieste. Prisoners reported, 20,000. The town had been under fire over a year. Allies from Saloniki began an offen- sive northward through Macedonia. Roumania entered the war and attack- ed Austria in the Carpathians, aiming to invade Transylvania. Germany de- clared war on Roumania. Roumanians forced three mountain passes inte Hungary and captured Kronstadt, north of Vulcan pass and an industrial center. Turkey and Bulgaria declared war on Roumania. SEPTEMBER. Bulgars and Germans captured bridge- head of Tutrakan, on the Danube, 60 miles from Bukharest. Teutonic allies defeated Russians at Dobric, in Dobrudja. Von Falkenhayn’s column surrounded the Roumanians near Red Tower pass and destroyed their army. OCTOBER. Teutons recaptured Kronstadt, Hun- gary, which Roumanians took Aug. 30. Constanza, on the Black sea, Rouma- nia’s chief port, captured by Germans and Bulgars. Roumanians evacuated Cernavoda, on the Danube, ~ Danube bridge at Cernavoda was blown up to check invading army. Roumania moved capital to Jassy. NOVEMBER. Franco-Servians captured hill 1212, in front of Monastir. Bulgars evacuated Monastir. Austro-Germans captured Craiova, Roumania, with heavy booty. = Falkenhayn’'s army recaptured Orsova and reached Alt riv- er. Von Magk- ensen’'s troops crossed the Dan- ube above Cer- navoda. Austro-German column of Fal- BY kenhayn and Baga Lakin GEN. FALKENHAYN. German column, moving southeast and northwest, respectively, met in Rou- mania 50 miles west of Bukharest. DECEMBER. German guns shelled Bukuarest. Teutonic allies captured Bukharest, former capital of Roumania. Gen. Sarrail’s column checked by Ger- mans in northern Greece. Germans and Bulgars won counterattacks in the Monastir section. Teutonic allies captured 18,000 Roumanians in Walla- chia. MISCELLANEOUS. MARCH. British orders in council sanctioned the capture of neutral ships destined for a nonblockaded port. . MAY. United States demanded that England cease illegal seizures of neutral mails at sea. AUGUST. Sir Roger Casement, alleged German agent in the Irish revolution, hanged at London. SEPTEMBER. Greeks in Crete revotted against King Constantine’s rule. OCTOBER. Allies recognized the Greek rebel gov- ernment. NOVEMBER. Germany and Austria proclaimed new kingdom of Poland. Archduke Charles Francis, Austro- Hungarian commander in the fleld, as- sumed the reins as emperor and king. Provisional (rebel) Greek government .declared war on Bulgaria. DECEMBER. United States protest to Germany against deportation of Belgians made public. New British war council anneunced. @ ay
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers