Events of the Year 1916
and Classified
Death Record of Noted Peo-
ple --- Personal, Political
Reviewed
All Sorts of Happenings
the World Over During
the Past Twelve
Months
PERSONAL—POLITICAL
120.
7.
5.
JANUARY.
King Constantine appealed to the
United States against aggressions by
the allies.
Japan renewed the seven demands on
China, which that power rejected in
January, 1915, as being oppressive.
FEBRUARY.
Secretary of War Garrison resigned.
President Wilson asked congress to
act on the arming of merchantmen,
etc.
MARCH.
The United States senate voted to
support the president's submarine pol-
icy, 68 to 14.
The house voted to sustain the presi-
dent's foreign policy, 276 to 142.
MAY.
United States declined Germany's pro-
posal that the allies be forced to re-
spect neutral! rights.
JUNE.
Louis D. Brandeis confirmed justice
of the United States supreme court.
Iowa rejected woman suffrage.
7.
10.
20.
17.
Phote by American
Press Association.
PRESIDENT WILSON.
HE wow
=
The Republican and the Progressive
national conventions met in Chicago.
Charles E. Hughes nominated for
president by the Republican conven-
tion and Charles Warren Fairbanks
for vice president. The Progressives
named Theodore Roosevelt and John
M. Parker of Louisiana.
President Woodrow Wilson and Vice
President Thomas R. Marshall renom-
inated at St. Louis.
Germany and Austria concluded a
treaty of military and commercial al-
liance for 25 years’ duration.
JULY.
Japan and Russia signed treaty of
alltance.
SEPTEMBER.
Japan made four new demands on
China with regard to recent conflict
in Mongolia and asked four conces-
sions in the same case.
OCTOBER.
United States notified allied powers
that it would continue to apply exist-
ing rules of international law to sub-
marines.
Allies took control of Athens by force.
NOVEMBER.
Austria and Germany proclaimed Po-
land an independent state.
Resignation of Dr.
Dumba, Aus-
trian ambassa-
dor, recalled at
the request of
the United
States, was ac-
cepted by the
Austrian emper-
or.
son . re-elected
president. Elec-
toral vote: Wil-
son, 276; Hughes,
255. Popular
vote (approximate): Wilson, 8,575,%1;
Hughes, 8,144,455.
DECEMBER.
Last session of 64th congress met.
Premier Asquith of England resigned.
Lloyd-George made premier.
New British cabinet announced.
MEXICO
MARCH.
Francisco Villa, outlawed Mexican,
raided Columbus, N. M., set fires and
killed 18 Americans; finally driven
back to Mexico by United States cav-
alry; upward of 100 Villistas killed.
Punitive expedition ordered into Mex-
ico to disperse the bandit bands.
United States troops mobilized on the
Mexican border.
Carranza refused permission to United
States troops to enter Mexico.
Carranza was granted reciprocal priv-
ileges to send troops over the border.
Col. G. A. Dodd and Gen. Pershing
led two columns of cavalry into Mex-
ico to pursue Villa's bands.
Mexican generals prohibited United
States troops from entering towns.
23 of Vilia’s band, including Gen. Goz-
man, killed in action with Carranza
troops. Villa reported wounded.
Col. G. A. Dodd’s column of the 7th
and 10th United States cavalry defeat-
ed 600 Villistas at Guerrero; 30 Mexi-
cans killed, 4 cavalrymen wounded.
APRIL.
Col. Brown's 10th cavalry defeated
Villistas at Aguascalientes, killing 30
bandits. Col. Gonzales’ Mexican troops
repulsed an attack of Villistas at Par-
ras, killing 42 bandits.
Mexican troops, led by Gen. Cavazos,
routed. Villa and his bodyguard, kill-
ing 10 bandits. .
Mexico declared that no permission
had been granted the United States
to use Mexican railroads.
United States soldiers attacked by
Mexican soldiers and sailors at Par-
ral. Carranza
asked to open
negotiations for
the withdrawal
of United States
army from Mex-
ico.
Gen. Scott, Gen.
Funston and
the Mexican
Gen. Obregon
met at Juare,
Mexico, to dis-
cuss the mili- Photo by American
tary situation Press Association.
along the bor-
der. GEN. OBREGON.
‘ The United States and Mexican con-
ferees at Juarez were deadlocked over
the withdrawal of United States
troops from Mexican soil.
MAY.
Maj. R. L. Howze, 11th cavalry bat-
talion, routed bandits near Ojo-Azules,
killing 42.
Mexican bandits raided Glen Springs,
ex.
Militia of Texas, New Mexico and
Arizona ordered to Mexico.
United States again warned Ameri-
cans to leave Mexico.
Conference at El Paso, on withdrawal
of United States troops from Mexico,
was suspended; no agreement reached.
Carranza’s government asked for im-
mediate withdrawal of all United
States troops from Mexico, alleging
bad faith and the violation of Mexl-
can sovereignty.
JUNE.
Anti-American riot in Chihuahua City,
Mexico; a protest against the pres-
ence of American troops.
Mexicans burned United States con-
sulate at Durango City, Durango, alse
insulted the flag.
Woodrow Wil-
16.
25.
16.
LIEUT. SHACKLETON.
16.
a.
12,
17.
‘Col.
and Sporting Events.
Mexican Situation.
Gen. Trevino notified Gen. Pershing
that movement of troops s@uth, east
or west, would be considered a hos-
tile act.
President Wilson called out the or-
ganized militia of the whole country
for service on the Mexican border.
War vessels ordered south to Mexi-
can waters.
President Wilson notified the Mexican
government that American troops
would not be withdrawn from Mexi-
can soil and would remain solely to
protect the United States border.
Two troops of the 10th cavalry were
in action outside Carrizal, 90 miles
south of Juarez, with Carranza forces.
Mexican Gen. Felix Gomez was killed;
also Capt. C. T. Boyd and Lieut.
Adair of the 10th cavalry. The affair
resulted from an attempt by the cav-
alry to march westward in defiance of
Gen. Trevino’s notice of the 16th. 23
troopers were made prisoners by the
Mexicans, 13 killed and 16 missing.
Militia ordered to proceed to the Mex-
ican border.
President Wilson demanded the imme-
diate release of the Carrizal war pris-
oners.
23 negro prisoners taken by Mexicans
at Carrizal were delivered to the Unit-
ed States forces at El Paso.
JULY.
G. A. Dodd, leader of an ad-
vance into Mexico, promoted to brig-
adier general.
Carranza troops fought Villistas at
Los Nievos (The Snows), near Jiminez.
National guardsmen from department
of the east on the Mexican border
numbered 52,000.
AUGUST.
Mexico appointed members of a joint
commission to confer on the issues
with the United States.
Franklin XK. Lane, Judge George Gray
and Dr. John R. Mott appointed for
the United States on Mexican joint
commission.
SEPTEMBER.
Joint American-Mexican conference
met at New London, Conn.
A band of 500 to 1,700, led by Villa,
raided Chihuahua City. Fighting re-
ported with Carranza troons.
NOVEMBER.
Villistas defeated by Mexican regu-
lars at Chihuahua.
American-Mexican protocol signed.
Villistas attacked Chihuahua City and
drove out Carranza’s troops.
+ ECEMBEK.
Villistas driven from Chihuahua City.
SHIPWRECK
MARCH.
8panish steamer Principe de Austurias |
sunk off San Sebastao: over 400!
drowned.
MAY.
Steamer 8S. R. Kirby wrecked on Lake
Superior, off Eagle river; 20 drowned.
9. Steamer Roan-
oke foundered
off the coast of
California; 24
drowned.
31. Lieut. Shackle-
ton cabled from
the Falkland is-
lands that his
exploring ship
Ikndurance was
crushed Oct. 27,
1915, and that 22
survivors were icebound on Elephant
island.
4
AUGUST.
Steamer Admiral Clark, from Port
Arthur, Tex., foundered; 21 lives lost.
United States armored cruiser Mem-
phis (formerly Tennessee) wrecked
in a hurricane in Santo Domingo har-
bor; 30 of the crew dead, 7 injured.
OCTOBER.
Steamer Nerida lost in a storm on
Lake Erie, with 25 sailors. The James
B. Colgate also went down with 21
sailors.
NOVEMBER.
Steamers Retriever and Connemara
wrecked off Irish coast; 92 lives lost.
SPORTING
JANUARY.
Nick Gianakopulos, Greek ath'ete, won
the national cross country title by
outrunning Hannes Kolehmainen, at
New York.
MARCH.
Jess Willard outpointed Frank Moran
in a 10 round combat at Madison
Square Garden, New York.
MAY.
Miss Molla Bjurstedt retained the Wo-
men's Metropolitan singles champion-
ship title by defeating Miss Marie
Guthrie at the Forest Hills tennis
court, N. Y.
Friar Rock, three-year-old, owned by
August Belmont, won the historic
Suburban race at Belmont park, N. Y.
JUNE.
Oswald Kirkby defeated Fred Herres-
hoff for the Metropolitan golf ama-
teur championship, 3 up and 1 to play,
at Glen Cove. N. Y,
Molla Bjurstedt
again won the
women's tennis
singles cham-
pionship over
Mrs. Edward
Raymond by
scores of 6-0, 6-1.
Syracuse won
the varsity 4
miles at Pough-
keepsie. Time
(Varsity)—Syra-
4
cuse, 20:15 2-5; photo by American
Cornell, 20:224-5; Press Association.
Columbia, 20.41 ” The
1-5; Pennsylva- CHICK” EVANS,
nia, 20:524-5. Junior Varsity—Syra-
cuse, 11:152-5: Cornell, 11.20 3-5; Co-
lumbia, 11:32; Pennsylvania, 12:06 1-5.
Chick (Charles) Exans won the na-
tional open golf championship, one of
the two greatest golf honors in the
United States; the third amateur to
win the American open title. His to-
tal score was 286 strokes for 72 holes,
a record.
AUGUST.
The lawn tennis doubles champions,
W. M. Johnston and C. J. Griffin, re-
tained their titles by defeating Mc-
Loughlin and Dawson at Forest Hills,
N. Y.; scores, 6-4, 5-7, 6-3.
SEPTEMBER.
Welsh, lightweight champion boxer
of the world, defended his title at
Colorado Springs by defeating White
in 20 rounds.
Richard Norris Willlams of Philadel-
phia won the mmational tennis cham-
11.
18.
10.
18.
17.
5.
11.
1
£3.
3.
19.
Photo by American 17.
Press Association.
plonship Ly defeating Willlam M.
Johnston of San Francisco at Forest
Hills, N. Y. Score, 4-6, 6-4, 6-2, 6-4.
Charles Evans, Jr. (‘Chick’), won the
national amateur golf championship
by defeating Champion Robert A.
Gardiner at Philadelphia, 4 up and
3 to play.
New York Baseball club (Giants) com-
pleted a string of 21 consecutive games
by defeating St. Louis (Cardinals) in
a double header in New York.
OCTOBER.
Boston Red Sox clinched American
league pennant.
Brooklyn clinched the National league
pennant.
Red Sox defeated Brooklyn in the
5th and deciding game of the world
series, winning the championship.
Michigan defeated Syracuse at foot-
ball at Ann Arbor; score, 14 to 13.
NOVEMBER.
Ohio State defeated Indiana at foot-
ball at Coiumbus, 46 tc 7. Cornell de-
feated Michigan at Ithaca, 23 to 20.
Harvard beat Princeton, 3 to 0, at
Cambridge. Brown's team beat Yale,
21 to 6, at New IHaven. Pennsylvania
and Dartmouth tied, 7 to 7, at Phil-
adelphia.
Yale defeated Princeton, 10 to 0, ar
football. Brown beat Harward, 21 to
0. Pennsylvania beat Michigan, 10 to 1.
at Ann Arbor.
Yale defeated Harvard at New Ha-
ven, 6 to 3. Army beat Navy, 15 to 7.
Wisconsin tied with Illinois, 0 to 0
Chicago lost to Minnesota, 49 to 0.
Colgate defeated Brown, at Provi.
dence, 28 to 0.
DECEMBER.
National College Athletic association
met in New York.
MISCELLANEOUS
JANUARY.
Germary assured the United States
that submarine warfare in the Med-
iterranean would be conducted accord-
ing to the rules of international law.
Germany disavowed the sinking of
the Lusitania and promised repara-
tion for American lives lost.
Sweden protested against British in-
fractions of her commercial rights.
FEBRUARY.
Captive British steamer Appam arriv-
ed as a German prize at Norfolk, Va.
German order to sink armed enemy
merchantmen arrived in Washington.
The United States senate ratified
treaty with Nicaragua for a trans-
oceanic canal route to cost the United
States $3,000,000.
The United States ratified a treaty
with Hayti, assuming a protectorate
over that republic.
MARCH.
Germany stated her new U boat pol-
icy against merchant ships.
APRIi.
The European allies refused to stop
seizure of neutral mails.
President Wilson before joint session
of congress announced that Germany
had been notified that submarine war-
fare against merchant ships must be
abandoned.
British reply note defended interfer-
ence with neutral trade as incident to
altered conditions of warfare.
Irish Sinn Fein patriots rebelled in Dub-
lin, seized the postoffice and other
points in the city.
British troops recaptured points in
Dublin. Martial law declared for Ire-
land. Sir Roger Casement captured
while attempting to land arms.
MAY.
Sinn Feiners throughout Ireland sur-
rendered.
Irish rebel leaders, including Pearse,
provisional president, shot in London
Tower for treason.
Four executions for treason in Ireland.
The United States marines landed in
Santo Domingo to protect the Ameri-
can legation.
Germany agreed to ‘‘visit and search”
rules for submarines.
Germany admitted sinking the Sussex
and offered indemnity.
Connolly, Irish rebel commander, shot
in London Tower.
United States notified Great Britain
that it could no longer tolerate ‘law-
less mail seizures by British patrol
ships on the high seas.’
JUNE.
New United States army bill became
law, federalizing the militia and in-
creasing the regular army.
Yuan Shih Kali, president of the Chi-
nese republic, died in Peking; suc-
ceeded by Vice President Li Yuan
Hung.
JULY.
New United States army reorganiza-
tion law in effect.
9. German mer-
chantsubmarine
Deutschland
reached Ralti-
more, 16 days
out from Helgo-
land port. Her
captain, Paul
Koenig, stated
that his vessel
was a pioneer
of regular serv-
ice.
Rural credits
bill became law.
Paralysis cases
in . New York
deaths.
Carr. KOENIG. i
city totaled 2,500; 487
AUGUST.
German merchant submarine Deutsch-
land sailed from the Virginia capes
for Germany.
8ir Roger Casement, Irish revolution-
ist, hanged for treason in London.
Lieut. Shackleton reached Falkland
islands and reported his failure to
reach Elephant island and rescue his
crew.
United States and Denmark signed
treaty for the cession of the Danish’
West Indian islands to the United
States; price $25,000,000.
Merchant submarine Deutschland,
which sailed from Virginia on the 2d,
arrived at Bremen, Germany.
SEPTEMBER.
8 hour railroad labor bill signed by
the president.
Deaths from paralysis plague in New
York city reached 2,047.
Lieut. Shackleton, antarctic explorer,
landed in Chile with 22 survivors of
marooned Elephant island party.
U-53 sank 5 ships off Nantucket.
OCTOBER.
German submarine U-53 dropped an-
chor in Newport harbor at the end of
17 days’ run from Wilhelm<haven.
NOVEMBER.
Merchant submarine Deutschland
reached New London, 21 days out of
Bremen.
U boat 53 reached home port.
Victor Carlstrom broke the American
cross country aviation record by fly-
ing from Chicago to Erie, Pa., 454
miles, in 4 hours and 16 minutes; he
reached New York.
Ruth Law landed at New York after
a record nonstop flight on the way
from Chicago of 668 miles.
Merchant submarine Deutschland sail-
ed from New London for Bremen.
DECEMBER.
Bartholdi's Liberty statue
York harbor illuminated.
The Deutschland reached home port.
United States Steel wage increase
schedule in effect for 250,000 employees;
annual total, $50,000,000.
Partial eclipse of the sun; invisible in
America.
in New
A A———————-——- —-——-——————————————————————————————_—————————E——————
19.
12.
11.
31
13.
22
12
2
16.
17.
19.
10.
12.
16.
17.
18.
17.
16.
17.
Photo by American
Press Association.
J
en.
OBITUARY
JANUARY.
Gen. Grenville W. Dodge, noted Fed-
eral commander in the civil war, at
Council Bluffs, Ia.; aged 87.
Ada Rehan, noted retired actress, in
New York; aged Eb.
Gen. Victoriano Huerta, former pro-
visional president of Mexico, at El
Paso, Tex.
Jeannette L. Gilder, writer, critic and
editor, in New York; aged 66.
FEBRUARY.
John Townsend Trowbridge, poet and
story writer, at Arlington, Mass.;
aged 89.
Dr. Allyn Gorton, “Father of Eugen-
ics,”’ in Brooklyn; aged £3.
Henry James, noted author, at Chel-
sea, England; aged 73.
MARCH.
Carmen Sylva, poet and novelist, dow-
ager queen of Roumania, at Bukha-
rest; aged 72.
Jean Mounet-Sully,
Paris; aged 5.
Former United States Senator Henry
Gassaway Davis, at Washington;
aged 93.
Robert Burns Wilson, poet and artist,
in New York city; aged 64.
APRIL.
Geo. W. Smalley, noted American
journalist, in London; aged 83.
MAY.
Clara Louisa Kellogg, once noted
prima donna, at New Hartford, Conn.;
aged 73.
Rev. Dr. Timothy Dwight, former
president of Yale university, at New
Haven, Conn.; aged 87.
Gen. J. 8S. Gallieni,
French flank attack at the Marne bat-
tie, Sept. 7, 1914, in Paris.
Harry Hawk, the actor, on the boards
at Ford's theater when President Lin-
coln was assassinated. April 14, 1865,
died at Granville, Engla 'd; aged 79.
French actor, in
James J. Hill, railroad magnate, at
St. Paul; aged 77.
Col. John Singleton Mosby, noted
Confederate cavalry leader in the civil
war, at Washington; aged 82.
JUNE.
John R. McLean, publisher of the
Washington Post and Cincinnati En-
quirer; aged 67.
Edward S. Ellis,
and historian,
aged 76.
American novelist
at Cliff Island, Me.;
JULY.
3. Mrs, Hetty
Green, known as
the richest we-
man in the
world, in New
York city; aged
82.
15. Prof. Elie Met-
chnikoff, noted
bacteriologist,
sharer in the
Nobel prize for
medical re-
WHITCOMB RILEY, ah Paris;
James Whitcomb Riley, popular poet,
at Indianapolis; aged 68 (about).
AUGUST.
Gen. D. McM. Gregg,
cavalry leader in the civil
Reading, Pa.; aged 83.
Gen. C. J. Paine, soldier and promi-
nent yachtsman, at Weston, Mass.;
aged 83.
John P. St. John, noted prohibition
leader, nominee for president in 1884,
at Olathe, Kan.; aged 83.
SEPTEMBER.
Samuel W. Pennypacker, noted ex-
governor of Pennsylvania; aged 72.
Horace White, old time journalist, in
New York city; aged 82.
Basil W. Duke, brigade leader
under John H. Morgan, the Confeder-
ate raider, in New York city; aged 78.
Seth Low, educator and civic leader,
in New York city; aged 65.
Prof. Frank Dempster Sherman, art
teacher and poet, in New York city;
aged 56.
oo!
war, at
OCTOBER.
Maj. William Warner, former United
States senator from Missouri and past
commander in chief of the G. A. R,,
in Kansas City, Mo.; aged 76.
William M. Chase, noted portrait
painter, in New York city; aged 67.
Charles Taze Russell, preacher and ed-
itor, known as ‘Pastor’ Russell, at
Pampa, Tex.; aged 64.
NOVEMBER.
Charles N. Flagg, portrait painter,
in Hartford, Conn.; aged 69.
Percival Lowell, astronomer, at Flag-
staff, Ariz.; aged 61.
Molly Elliott
Seawell, ncvel-
ist and play-
wright, in Wash-
ington; aged b6.
Henryk Sienkie-
wicz, Polishnov-
elist, author
“Quo Vadis”
and a Polish
tale, ‘Fire and
Sword,” “The
Deluge,” etc., at
JOSEPH.
Berne, Switzerland, aged 70.
John J. Ennekin, noted
painter, in Boston; aged 76.
Capt. J. C. Clark, veteran clown, at
Long Branch; aged 85.
Franz Joseph, emperor of Austria and
king of Hungary; aged 86.
Jack London, author; aged 40.
Sir Hiram Maxim, inventor, in Lon-
don; aged 76.
DECEMBER.
John D. Archbold, oil magnate; aged
8 :
landscape
Field Marshal Oyama, commander of
the Japanese army in the war with
Russia; aged 74.
JANUARY.
National Civic federation met
Washington.
Biennial convention of United Mine
‘Workers of America met at Indian-
apolis.
in
FEBRUARY.
First convention of Chamber of Com-
merce of the United States met in
‘Washington.
APRIL.
National Congress of Mothers met in
Nashville, Tenn.
National Academy of Scientists met
in Washington. Daughters of the
American Revolution met in Wash-
ington.
MAY.
United Confederate Veterans met at
Birmingham, Ala.
JULY.
National Education association met in
New York.
AUGUST.
50th national encampment of the
Grand Army of the Republic opened
at Kansas City, Mo.
SEPTEMBER.
National conference of Catholic socie-
ties met in Washington.
NOVEMBER.
‘W. C. T. U. annual convention met at
Indianapolis.
DECEMBER.
American Association For the Ad-
vancement of Science met in New
York.
Geological society of America met at
Albany. American Historical society
met in Cincinnati.
leader of the
noted Federal
A
,
Great Drives and Battles
of the Armies In 1916.
Thirteen Nations
In the Field
*0 0000000000
—
WEST FRONT.
JANUARY.
9. Germans sprang a heavy attack on a
five mile front near Tahure, in the
Champagne, on ground the French
captured in September, 1915.
FEBRUARY.
Germans began a heavy attack on
the Verdun salient along a 25 mile
front; gains at some points were 2
miles deep.
Giant armored French fort Douau-
mont, 4 miles from Verdun city and
one of iis permanent fortifications,
captured by Brandenburg Germans.
Germans captured 6 fortified French
villages in the Verdun salient, with
7,000 prisoners.
Germans had intrenched on a 12 mile
front of ground captured before Ver-
dun.
®
8
8
MARCH.
Germany's captures to date at Verdun
were 26,000 prisoners, 41 cannon and
232 machine guns.
French repelled five German attacks
at Vaux, near Verdun.
Germans captured Malancourt, in the
Verdun area, but were repulsed at
Dead Man's hill, according to French
report.
13.
17.
APRIL.
9. In an offensive on a 13 mile front at
Verdun the Germans captured 500
vards of trenches on hill 29, near
Dead Man's hill, No. 304. Assailants
used liquid fire.
MAY.
French line held firm and drove back
Germans around Vaux. Germans
claimed repulse of 2 French attacks
near Dead Man's hill
JUNE.
Germans captured Fort Vaux, called
the “key to Verdun,” with its garri-
son of 700; also captured Rooge, in
Belgium, making Verdun advance since
June 1 nearly 2 miles wide.
Germans resumed vigorous attacks at
Verdun on both sides of the Meuse.
French recaptured Thiaumont (held
by Germans since June 23), hut were
driven out by nightfall.
JULY.
1. French retook Thiaumont; lost it at
3 p. m. and regained it at 4:30 p. m.
Concerted French and British drive be-
gun on the north and south banks of
the Somme river; villages and towns
and even miles of trenches captured
on a 2% mile front.
11.
~y
21
30.
France reported
754 French towns
and communes
destroyed by
war. 554 towns
captured by
Germans, 16,669
houses destroy-
ed and 15,%4
damaged.
3. British attack,
led by Gen.
Haig, centered
around La Bois-
Photo by American
Press Association.
selle, aiming for
3 3
GEN. Haia. Bapaume.
French continued attacks toward Pe-
ronne. Allies claimed 12,000 prisoners.
Germans retook Fort Thiaumont.
Germans made counterattacks on the
Somme, but were repulsed; also near
Luneville, Lorraine. French and Brit-
ish were also repulsed at Hardecourt
and on the La Boisselle front.
British attack on the Somme covered
8 mile front, including La Boisselle,
Contalmaison, Wood of Mametz and
Trones woods.
British captured Cogptalmaison. Ger-
mans repulsed French south of the
Somme. :
Germans launched heavy attack on
the British new positions east of Ba-
zentin and recaptured Delville wood
and Longueval. British attacked at
Ovillers ana Pozieres.
Allies attacked along the front of 17
miles on the Somme with 200,000 men
(Jerman estimate). At one point the
German first line was pressed back 800
yards and the salient at Vermandovil-
lers penetrated; elsewhere repulsed.
SEPTEMBER.
Anglo - French forces captured
Combles, on the Somme front.
OCTOBER.
French attacked on a 4 1-3 miles front
at Verdun, capturing a fort of Douau:
mont and 3,500 prisoners. (Germans
captured Douaumont May 24, 1916).
NOVEMBER.
3. French reoccupied Fort Vaux, Verdun.
British launched new drive on the
Ancre line 5 miles wide.
DECEMBER.
6. After prolonged bombardment and suc-
cessive attacks at Verdun the Germans
captured the summit of hill 304.
WAR ON THE SEA.
TANUARTY.
7. Germany agreed that survivors on
liners torpedoed would not be sent
adrift in open boats and that she
would pay for lives lost on the IL.u-
sitania.
all
1.
12.
18.
MARCH.
b. German sea raider Moewe, after
months of cruising in South African
waters, during which she captured the
British ship Appam and sank 15 mer-
chantmen, reached home port laden
with prisoners and gold.
British steamer Sussex torpedoed and
sunk in the English channel; 55 deaths.
, MAY.
5. Germany agreed to modify submarine
warfare on merchant ships.
German high seas fleet and a heavy
squadron of the British grand fleet
fought several hours off the coast of
Jutland. The Germans reported loss
of 5 cruisers, 1 hattleship and 6 de-
stroyers. British lost 6 warships and
8 destroyers with 2 battleships in
doubt. British loss of life about 6,000;
German, about 4,000.
OCTOBER.
8. Submarine TU-53 sank three British,
one Dutch and one Norwegian ships
off Nantucket shoals. All on board
were saved.
*
RUSSIAN FRONT.
JANUARY.
8. New Russian drive in Bukowina cen-
tered in battle for Czernowitz.
MARCH.
Russian attack checked at Dvinsk,
with “enormous losses’ to the assail-
ants.
JUNE.
7. Russia reported that Gen. Brusiloff's
offensive in Volhynia, Bukowina and
Galicia had netted 40,000 prisoners, 77
guns, 154 machine guns and 49 mor-
tars besides arms and equipment.
World's War Summarized
Under Many Topical Heads
Greatest Naval Battle of
the War---Land Combats
Numerous, Fierce
and Deadly
+0000 00009
10.
1.
12.
15.
12.
18.
24.
11.
8
14.
16.
16
Russians captured Dubno, Volhynia;
33,000 prisoners claimed in the day's
fighting and ‘booty in enormous quan-
tities.”
After a long campaign against Czer-
nowitz, Austrian capital of Bukowina,
the Russians entered the city. It had
changed hands many times since 1914.
JULY.
Russians broke Austro-German line
northwest of Lutsk, forcing abandon-
ment of positions beyond river Stok-
hod, which Russians crossed.
NOVEMBER.
Austro-Germans broke through the
Russian lines in the Halicz section.
Gen. Brusiloff’s Russian armies began
a drive southward across the Carpa~
thians to succor the Roumanians in
Wallachia.
DECEMBER.
Russian advance across the Carpa-
thians southward checked by small
reverses in Moldavia.
SOUTH AND BALKAN FRONT.
JANUARY.
Allies evacuated the Gallipoli peninsu-
la, leaving to the Turks enormous
plunder. British loss in the campaign
150,000.
FEBRUARY.
Russians captured Erzerum, with 13,-
000 Turks and 323 guns.
MARCH.
British attack on Tigris front repulsed
by counterattack of Turks. British
lost 6,000 killed and wounded.
APRIL.
Austrians in great force attacked Ital-
ian positions in the Plezzo basin, Tren-
tino, and were repulsed, according to
Italian report. Italians recaptured po-
sition on Monte Sperone, which the
Austrians captured on the 1th.
Russians captured Trebizond, an im-
portant Turkish town on the Black
sea, by a land and sea attack.
British under Gen. Townshend sur-
rendered Kut-el-Amara, Mesopotamia,
to the Turks, with about 10,000 troops,
after prolonged siege.
MAY.
Italians continued retreat in Trentino.
Austria claimed 23,000 prisoners in the
Tyrol campaign.
JUNE.
Italians opened a counter offensive
in the zone of Austria’s maximum
effort, May 30 and 31. Result reported
‘‘disastrous to the invaders.”
Italians began an offensive movement
in Trentino. Austrians reported in
general retreat.
AUGUST.
Italians captured Goritz, the supposed
key to Trieste. Prisoners reported,
20,000. The town had been under fire
over a year.
Allies from Saloniki began an offen-
sive northward through Macedonia.
Roumania entered the war and attack-
ed Austria in the Carpathians, aiming
to invade Transylvania. Germany de-
clared war on Roumania.
Roumanians forced three mountain
passes inte Hungary and captured
Kronstadt, north of Vulcan pass and
an industrial center.
Turkey and Bulgaria declared war on
Roumania.
SEPTEMBER.
Bulgars and Germans captured bridge-
head of Tutrakan, on the Danube, 60
miles from Bukharest.
Teutonic allies defeated Russians at
Dobric, in Dobrudja.
Von Falkenhayn’s column surrounded
the Roumanians near Red Tower pass
and destroyed their army.
OCTOBER.
Teutons recaptured Kronstadt, Hun-
gary, which Roumanians took Aug. 30.
Constanza, on the Black sea, Rouma-
nia’s chief port, captured by Germans
and Bulgars.
Roumanians evacuated Cernavoda, on
the Danube, ~
Danube bridge at Cernavoda was
blown up to check invading army.
Roumania moved capital to Jassy.
NOVEMBER.
Franco-Servians captured hill 1212, in
front of Monastir. Bulgars evacuated
Monastir.
Austro-Germans captured Craiova,
Roumania, with heavy booty. =
Falkenhayn’'s
army recaptured
Orsova and
reached Alt riv-
er. Von Magk-
ensen’'s troops
crossed the Dan-
ube above Cer-
navoda.
Austro-German
column of Fal- BY
kenhayn and
Baga Lakin GEN. FALKENHAYN.
German column, moving southeast and
northwest, respectively, met in Rou-
mania 50 miles west of Bukharest.
DECEMBER.
German guns shelled Bukuarest.
Teutonic allies captured Bukharest,
former capital of Roumania.
Gen. Sarrail’s column checked by Ger-
mans in northern Greece. Germans
and Bulgars won counterattacks in
the Monastir section. Teutonic allies
captured 18,000 Roumanians in Walla-
chia.
MISCELLANEOUS.
MARCH.
British orders in council sanctioned
the capture of neutral ships destined
for a nonblockaded port.
. MAY.
United States demanded that England
cease illegal seizures of neutral mails
at sea.
AUGUST.
Sir Roger Casement, alleged German
agent in the Irish revolution, hanged
at London.
SEPTEMBER.
Greeks in Crete revotted against King
Constantine’s rule.
OCTOBER.
Allies recognized the Greek rebel gov-
ernment.
NOVEMBER.
Germany and Austria proclaimed new
kingdom of Poland.
Archduke Charles Francis, Austro-
Hungarian commander in the fleld, as-
sumed the reins as emperor and king.
Provisional (rebel) Greek government
.declared war on Bulgaria.
DECEMBER.
United States protest to Germany
against deportation of Belgians made
public.
New British war council anneunced.
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