SS SC SPEPPEPIIFRRPIIIIMEL SSID PIF P PISO BIOBIDIIIIDISPIEP IIE BRB PEPE AA RR £ ; 3 2: HALLIE éar S By... ERMINIE ) : RIVES 4A oe Coura eous $ i ; %% Copyright, 1902, by THE BOWEN-MERRILL COMPANY ood 3 SE BEOEE PPE IFEEEIEIISFIPPSEIIPEEPESPIBDPHIIEP SB Boe CETTE PEE PE BE PIE EPE EET IPE E EPI E PPPs There comes a time in the history of every great movement when it must go forward or die. Lethargy breeds reac- tion. The fierce fight for a Declaration had marked this point now. In the three days since the vote the opposition had gathered its shattered forces. There were new mutterings, and the little Virginian delegation in the shop of Mr. James Randolph on High street knew that the defiance which was to be offered on the morrow, if it were to be signed at all, must be signed quickly. So out of a humid morning grew the afternoon of the 3d of July for Phila- delphia. It came in heat, with a brazen sky. Opposite Mr. Randolph’s shop on the same evening Joseph Galloway, the lawyer, walking slowly, paused and looked across the street. He was thick- set and middle aged, with a smooth, crafty face and restless eyes. He had lacked Whig patriotism ‘in the First congress. The Second woulda have none of him. And yet he had ear- lier led the popular party against the proprietary. Such strange overturnings the new idea of freedom was bringing about. The fierce Tory rancor which had made of this man at first “the de- fender of the prerogative” was fo con- | vert him later into a spy, a refugee and a sour pensicner of George IIL. Now, there was the open hatred of a bitter Tory in the look Joseph Galloway cast upon the little shop. “Good day, Mordecai,” he said in greeting to a rotund merchant Quaker who joined him. “I see you also look- ing. What think you our Virginia hot bloods will brew next in their den yon- der?” The Quaker frowned. “I love them not,” he answered. “What saith the Scriptures? ‘For the weapons of our warfare are not carnal, but mighty through God to the pulling down of strongholds.’ ” “Gentlemen of birth and wealth, for- sooth,” continued Galloway angrily, “and yet prating like the veriest clouts of independence and brotherhood! Whose was the bill to separate from Great Britain? Richard Henry Lee's. And who has written the Declaration that is to be thrust beneath the dele- gates’ noses tomorrow? Thomas Jeffer- son. These Virginians! Would we had never heard of Virginia before we came to this! “Look you”— He broke off and pointed with his stick where a coach bowled along High street. It was rich- ly furnished and bore arms en its pan- els. On the cushions, exquisitely dress- ed in a white uniform, sat a blocky, military looking man with bushy wig and foreign mustachios. He wore a cocked hat. “’Tis M. Pliarne,” said the Quaker. “These French parasites with powder to peddle, Friend Joseph, would joy to see the colonies plunged into bloody strife. They would batten on our ex- tremity, ‘for wheresoever the carcass is, there the eagles be gathered together.’ ” “French officers!” ejaculated Gallo- way. “Aye, or adventurers! As like to be one as another. Mayhap M. Pli- arne goes to see the precious envoy whose newcoming the town gapes about.” “He is to be received?” “Tomorrow afternoon. ’Tis an open secret. Notice was sent the house this morning.” “Twas averred in the street but now that he is come from Louis XVI.” “Let them jabber!” grumbled Gallo- way. ‘Little store is to be set by these fine envoys. I mind me when the Frenchman came to the congress last November. You heard of that, may- hap. There was the same excitement; a committee appointed, too, I remem- ber. John Jay was upon it. They met the personage in a room in Carpenter’s hall, and what think you they found? Why, a little old frog eater with a club- foot, who when they asked him for his authority drew his hand across his throat, and says he, ‘Gentlemen, I shall take care of my head? That was all they could get out of him, Some imbe- cile belike. And even then there were those who saw great signs in it. A pest on all such, say I!” The Quaker shook his head doubtful- ly. “Yet there is much hoped for from this present message,” he said. “I heard it on good authority some months ago that a French marquis was to come hither. Twas said Benjamin Franklin had written of the matter from Lon- don. Mayhap this is the same.” “Bosh!” sniffed Galloway. ¢’Tis ab- surd, I say, the faith that is put in such a vain and empty hope! I do know that half the delegates have some such folly in their heads. The Declaration is to be offered for signing tomorrow, and, look you, it is in the minds of some members to retard action upon it, hop- ing such a message from France may bolster faint hearts.” “Thou dost not think they will sign, - then ?” “God forbid!” rejoined Galloway fer- vently. “I cannot believe we are so near madness as that. And yet I would that naught had been heard of a mes- sage from France. Methinks tomorrow will be warm. Good night to you, Mor- decai.” As the two friends talked the chimes had clangored from Christ church, and Just as the tones sounded a ctont. trunched old man with a shrewd, sim- ple face under a broad hat lifted the latch of a nearby gate which barred an oblong green yard from the street. Therein under a mulberry tree where yellow cabbage butterflies went kiss- ing wings a chubby woman was sit- ting by a table whereon stood some books and a glass bottle containing a two headed snake in spirits. Two tousled children rolled and romped un- heeded under foot. The film of twi- light was falling from a cooling sky. “You are late, father,” the woman said as the old man greeted her. “Sup- per is almost ready. Young Mr. Jef- ferson has sent word that he will be here this evening. I do hope,” she add- ed good naturedly, “that you won't sit up all night again over that tiresome paper he is writing. Laws! One would think it had been a real speech.” She ran to fetch a dish of tea, and her father sat down in his chair and took off his hat. His head was bald, with a fringe of white hair. He was mopping his forehead with a large kerchief when she returned with the tea. “Bless clicked. already. me!” she said as the gate “Here is some one to see you A young man and handsome,” she whispered, as he came nearer. “but how pale!” It was Armand. “Is this Dr. Franklin?” he inquired. “Tt is.” “Sir,” said Armand, “a packet was given secretly into your hands to hold for nme some time since, sealed with a red seal bearing four lances.” Dr. Franklin drew his brows together with a glance of surprise and shook his head. “Surely you have receivaod it?” There was a curious rigor of anxiety in the tone that caused Dr. Franklin to glance sharply at his questioner. The scrutiny satisfied him, for the look - of suspicion that had been stiffened by the strenuous times faded into his habitual benevolence. “I recall none such,” he answered gravely. “What name did it bear?” “It bore no name.” The tone shook now with a confusion of apprehension. “I fear that is all the more reason that I could not have forgot it. These are troublous days, sir, and faith not always to be relied upon. To whom did you intrust this document?” Something like fear had come into the other’s eyes, and Dr. Franklin for the first time noted with concern his agitation and pallor. “To a young lady of Virginia.” “I am sorry, sir, deeply sorry,” said the old man, “but no such packet has been put into my hands at any time.” “Poor young man!” sighed the moth- erly woman a few minutes later as she set the table for supper. “What think you could have been in it, father? He looked as if it had meant life or death to him.” Armand walked slowly through sev- eral side streets to the Red Lion tav- ern, on Sassafras street, one of the less pretentious inns. Here in a dim parlor on the ground floor waited the occu- pant of the fine coach which had roused ‘t18 this Dr. Franklin?” the spleen of Joseph Galloway. His hat was flung on a chair, and he strode up and down, his mustachios bristling with impatience. As Armand entered he embraced him effusively in the I'rench fashion. “All goes well,” he cried. “I have been discreet and have done all you in- structed. The congress has named three members to receive you tomorrow at 1 o'clock. Ventrebleu! With the Declaration hanging fire you may be- lieve how eager they are. I have brought your clothes too. Nom de Dieu!” he exelaimed, holding Armand’s arms affectionately. “To know you were in a British prison! Thank God you escaped their clutches, and just in the nick of time too! You shall tell me about it one day.” “Pliarne!” Armand broke in upon the other’s chatter. “Pliarne: I have not got it.” “Not got it?” amazed surprise. “No. I sent it here to Philadelphia tc Dr. Franklin. I did not tell you this, since T expected to find it here. Well, I have seen Dr. Franklin, and it has not been delivered.” Pliarne’s face was a study of dis may. “And what will you do?” Armand had no time to reply, for at that moment there came a knock at the door, and it opened. Instantly Pliarne bent low in a se ries of bows to Armand. “Accept my most profound saluta- tions, monseigneur,” ke said in tones of eclaborate ceremony. “I shall be pleased to accompany you on your dis- tinguished errand tomorrow after- noon.” “M. Pliarne,” said Armand easily, “this is my good friend, Captain Jar- rat. Au revoir, monsieur—jusqu’au matin!” i July 4 turned to gaze after a fair haired girl who passed up- on a lead-white horse, with a negro boy behind her astride a sorrel. Yellow dust splotched Anne’s olive cloak as she rode into the town, and yellow dust clung to John the Baptist’s wool. How many leagues? She would have been worn but for the purpose that buoyed her up. She rode some way, paying as little heed to the sparse groups along the streets or to the few painted Indians lounging with their peltry in the squares as to the beetle browed roofs or the wooden statuary in the pretentious yards. Her thoughts were busy with the past. They flew back to that night at Gladden Hall, her last view of Ari:and, when Jarrat’s troopers had dragged him away; to the flight of Dunmore and his family, his wanton burning of Nor- folk with his rabble of runaway slaves, and the last fight at Gwyn’s island, whence the impotent earl, with his bru- tal aid, Captain Foy, sailed away to the north, never again to set foot upon Virginian soil; to her anguished wonder as to Armand’s fate meanwhile. Even Henry’s return from thé Second con- na, ane latter! Pliarne repeated in CHAPTER XV. ORE than one along the south road that sultry morning of gress, the news that Colonel Washing- ton had been elected commander in chief of colonial forces and the glori- ous outcome of his long siege of Boston had not been able to cheer her. She thought of the long hours she had watched by the bedside of the bondwoman with grave faced Dr. Craik watching her slow return to life; of the still longer days when she had fat by the listless figure who only stared leaden eyed and with brain pite- ously dulled to hear asked over and over again with desperate earnestness that same question, “Where is it— can’t you remember?’—a question met always with the same result; of the long, fruitless search, the unreasoning faith in him that would net yield to re- cital or argument, and finally the lucky accident which had given her the glew to the packet's hidtng place. She had started the selfsame day, taking John the Baptist with her, leav- ing a hurried message for her unale and aunt, who were then away in Rich- mond. And this, the twelfth day there- after, found her at her journey’s end riding into the wide, clean thorough- fares of Philadelphia. “Mis’ Annie”—John the Baptist’s sol- emn drawl broke her reverie—‘‘dat yal- ler boy at de place whar we stayed ias’ night say dee gwinter mek ev’ybody ekal. Do dat mean we niggers gwine ter be white lak you, or is y’all gwine ter be black lak me?” But Anne had no answer. Going toward High street, her course lay by the open green on which the new statehouse fronted. She noticed that the pavements were almost deserted and found herself thinking wondering- ly that the streets of Richmond were noisier. It was with a start of surprise that on turning a corner by the green she pulled up without warning on the skirts of a great hushed crowd, well ordered, moving restlessly under tree that shrilled with locusts. Most of those nearer the front were gentry. They walked back and forth slowly, trampling the blue thistles and whortleberry bushes. Next them was a stratum of the trading and working classes. No wonder the wealthier mer- chants jeered them, for they wore trou- sers of coarse drill, even leather jer- kins, and some carried tools. Here was a group of weavers from Germantown, and not far away a knot of Swedes from Wicacoa. The older men among these wore leggings and skin coats. On the outskirts of all, here and there, holding themselves aloof, walked state- lier, heavier figures in small clothes of rich velvets and satins and wearing powdered wigs. They carried irritable looks, these “Pennsylvania lords,” as the bitter Ad- ams called them. It was bad weather for Tories. From the yard of Clarke’s inn, across the street, they looked askance at the workmen, passing sneer- ing allusions to the representatives from Massachusetts, angered at the assump- tion of legislative powers by men clear- ly of more humble blood than them- selves. They saw the cannon in position by the statehouse and the Continental flags fluttering from the shipping in the har- bor. They knew that in the nearby woods five battalions of Associators, drilled and armed, were awaiting any outcome. They knew that the people were ready, if only their leaders should choose. (Continued neat week.) -—Last week at Buffalo the Presbyter- ian General Assembly adopted hy a two- thirds vote a resolution whieh in substance provides that Preshyterian ministers he en- joined from marrying divorced persons, who are ineligible in the churches belong- ing to the inter-church conference. CAUSE. “Mr. Crow,” said his mate, “What's the racket so great, In that field by the woods over yon- der. Many crows all around, Have flocked to the ground, Are they holding a ‘‘caucus’” 1 won- der 2”? He replied : “Mrs Crow, That cannot be so, And regarded his partner with scorn, As he said with a drawl, “It’s no ‘caucus’ at all; It is only a corner in corn.” —E. T. Drake. The Japs at Their Worst. Why the Koreans Hate Them so Cordially. The relations between Korea and Japan, both past and present, are clearly set forth in the following review of Agnus Hamil- ton’s ‘‘Korea,’”” by M. W. Hazeltine, of the New York ‘‘Sun.” At an early date a large fraction, if not the whole, of the peninsula was conquered by the Japanese unde: the Empress Jingu, or Jingo, and retained for a considerable time. Again in the closing years of the sixteenth century, the peninsnla was in- vaded and a large part of it temporarily conquered by the Japanese under the Re- gent Hideyoshi and even after most of the peninsula was evacuated the Japanese re- tained a foothold at Fusan, together with certain rights which formed’ the basis on which China’s claim to suzerainty was dis- puted in the war of 1894 95. The part which Fusan played in the war of 1894-95 it had already played, we re- peat, 300 years before. In the sixteenth century Korea, taking advantage of the in- ternal convulsions of which the Island Em- pire was a victim, bad practically renounc- ed ber old relation of vassalage to Japan and had ceased to send annual embassy thither. When order was at length re- stored in the Island Empire, the king of Korea was summoned to renew his allegi- ance. The answer proving unsatisfactory, an invasion of the peninsula was under- taken by the Japanese. Oar author points out that a ‘‘settlement at Fusan, which had been founded long before by the retainers of the daimio (prince) of the island of Tsushima, assisted by itinerant tradersand deserters from the numerous expeditions which had visited its shores, had grown to dimensions that when a (Japanese) force was descried off the barbor on the morning of May 25th, 1592, Fusan was already in their possession.’”” Not only did this cir- cumstance given the Japanese troops facili- ties for disembarkation, but, throughout the vicissitudes of the next six years cam- paign, it furthered their operations. The position of Fusan made the place not only a base of supplies for the invading armies, but also a repairing yard, much needed by the Japanese fleet when it had been defeated by Korean ships in an at- tempt to co-operate with the victorious soldiers which the Japanese Generals Ko- nishi and Kuroda had massed before the city of Ping-yang, in the northwest of the peninsula. After the failure of this first invasion and the retreat in May, 1593, of the Japanese from the north before the combined strength of the Chinese and Ko- reans, Fosan became one of the fortified camps where the Japanese passed the win- ter almost within sight of their pative shores. The negotiations which were prosecuted during the four following years having proved fruitless, Japan decided to renew the attack, and Fusan became the hase of the second invasion. A tremendous foree was now launched against the penin- sula by dideyoshi, and although it had ultimately to be withdrawn, it is said to have cost Korea the loss of 300,000 men and to have subjected it to devastation from which the country needed two cen- turies to recover If, indeed, she has ever regained its former prosperity. Moreover, as we have mentioned, the Japanese con- tinned to retain Fusan, as a voucher of their claim to ascendency. When the treaty of 1876 removed the nominal ob- stacles to the oversea immigration, which had gone on for several hundred years, a wave of Japanese colonization at once broke upon the eastern, western and south- ern shores of the Hermit Kingdom. II. Mr. Hamilton undertakes to explain the aversion to the Japanese which is evinced by the Koreans. He testifies from person- al experience that, of the various races of foreigners now represented in Korea, no outsiders are so detested as those hailing from the Island Empire. We quote the explanation of the fact, which is note- worthy because it emanates from an author whom we understand to be a British sub- jeot. ‘‘Nor is,”’ we read, ‘‘the prejudice remarkable, when it is considered that it is the scum of Japanese nation that has settled down upon Korea. It is, perbaps, surprising that the animus of the ‘Koreans against the Japanese has not died out with time ; but the fault lies entirely with the Japanese themselves. Within recent years so much has occurred to alter the po- sition of Japan and to flatter the vanity of these island people that they have lost their sense of perspective. Puffed up with conceit, they now permit themselves to commit (in Korea) social and administra- tive excesses of the most detestable char- acter. Their extravagant arrogance blinds them to the absurdities and follies of their actions, making manifest the fact that their gloss of civilization is the merest veneer. Their conduct in Korea shows them to be destitute of moral and intellectual fibre. They are debauched in business, and the prevalence of dishonorable practice in pub- lic life makes them indifferent to private probity. Their interpretation of the law in their sentiments is corrupt. Might is right; the sense of power is tempered neither by reason, justice nor generosity. Their mode of existence from day to day, their habits and their manners, their com- mercial and social degradation, complete an abominable travesty of the civilization which they profess to have assimilated. It is intolerable that a government aspiring to dignity of a first class power should al- low its settlements in a foreign but friend- ly country to be a blot upon its own pres- tige, and a disgrace to the land that har- bors them.” We should bear in mind that Mr. Hamilton draws a sharp distine- tion between the Japanese at home and the Japanese emigrants in the Korean penin- sula. When Mr. Hamilton visited Korea, there were some twenty-five thousand Jap- anese in the peninsula. His testimony is that the Japanese settlement was the curse of every treaty port. It was, he avers, at once the centre of business and the scene of uproar, riot and confusion. “In the comparative nakedness of the women, in the noise and violence of the shopkeepers, in the litter of the streets, there is nothing to suggest the delicate oul- ture of Japan. The modesty, cleanliness and politeness so characteristic of the Japa- nese at home, are conspicuously absent in their settlements in this country. Trans- wo ID formation has taken place with transmi- gration. The merchant has become a rowdy. The coolie is impudent, violent and, in general, an outcast, more prone to steal than to work. Master and man alike terrorize the Koreans, who go in fear of their lives whenever they have transactions with the Japavese. Before the Chinese- Japanese war, this spirit had not displayed itseif to any great extent in the capital of the Hermit Kingdom. With the success ful conclusion of that campaign, however, the Japanese became so aggressive in their treatment of the people that, had the choice of two evils been possible the Koreans would have preferred the Chinese, and a state of dependence upon them, to the con- ditions which were then introduced. The universal admiration aroused hy the con- duct of the Japanese troops in the North China campaign of 1900 01 bas added sen- sibly to the vanity and egoism of the Japa- nese in Korea. Convinced of their innate superiority, their violence toward the Ko- reans goes on unchecked. It threatens ow to assume unparalleled dimensions.” Passing of Steam Power. Internal Combustion Engines Are Much More Economical. I have heen led, lately, to think the whole development of the steam engine, to the exclusion of the gas engine, bas been a mistake, and that we are now at the begin- ning of a new era in the use of power. En- gineers could today gain better and more economical results by abandoning steam and using internal combustion engines, even in large establishments. The gain in economy of fuel will advance with the size of the establishment. With the internal conbustion engine, a brake horse-power can be produced on a pound of coal. This could not be done with steam under any conditions. So great a revolution has come about in methods of producing power that a 10,000 ton cruiser of 21 knots an hour could today proceed around the world at 14 knots with out taking on fuel and without sacrificing any of ber war efficiency. New kinds of engines have come into vogue, which sug- gest facts even larger than this. Oil engines using crude petroleum will be developed as soon’as the demand is felt for them, but, even here, the fuel can be made into gas and burned thus with far greater economy than is possible when the oil itself is burned under boilers or gaso- lene can be used. In an ordinary 3,2..0 horse power torpe- do boat, 43 tons of coal would be used in 10 hours. With gasolene, the "1adins of activity of the same torpedo boat can be more than quadrupled, for 3,200 horse pow- er can be produced from 3,200 gallons of fuel. Briefly, 16,000 pounds of gasolene will do the work of 96,000 pounds of coal. The cost of the fuel is higher, but with a gosolene-plant in a torpedo boat, only two men are required in the engine room, and none at all in the fire-room. The dangers of steam at high pressure are avoided, and the complexity of steem machinery done away with. Owing to the certain saying to be secur- ed in coal consumption and to the simpli- city and reliability of the gas engine plant, we shall witness a gradual forcing out of the steam plants in future power plants and lightning, pumping or factory use, and it will be a question of but a short time be- fore many of the existing steam plants wil be replaced. Consumption from Cattle. English Commissioner Thinks the Disease May be Acquired in That Way. The British royal commission appointed in August, 1901, to investigate the connec- tion between human and animal tubercu- losis, has reached certain conclusions em- bodied in art ad interim report, which in effect refutes Prof. Koch’s much discussed theory that tuberculosis cannot be commu- nicated by animals to human beings. The commissioners attacked the problem experimentally instead of beginning by col- lecting opinions, aud their main conclusion is thus expressed: **We have most carefully compared the tuberculosis set up in bovine animals by material of human origin with that set up in bovine animals by material of bovine or- igin, and so far have found the one, both in its broad general featuresand in its finer histological deals, identical with the oth- er. ‘‘Onr records contain accounts of posts mortem examinations of bovine animals in- fected with the tuberculosis material of hu- man beings which might be used as typical descriptions of ordinary bovine tuberculo- sis.”’ This, in the judgment of the commission- ers, ‘‘seems to show quite clearly that it would be very unwise to frame or modify legislative measures in accordance with the view that human and bovine tubercle bac- illi are specifically different and that the disease cansed by one is wholly different from the disease caused by the other.” The commissioners experimented with more thar two hundred bovine animals. Their present conclusion, which will be followed by a further report, strikingly support the view of a majority of English medical men and are likely to lead to a strengthening of the regulations regarding the sale of meat and milk. x Divorce Means Polygamy. Linking The 8» Says Archbishop Ryan, Twin Evils. In an address delivered at the dedication of the parochial school and cenvens at New Philadelphia, arch bishop Ryan. of Phila- delphia, spoke vigorously upon the divorce question. His grace went back to the time when Paganism had sway in the world and drew an analogy between conditions that prevailed then and conditions that prevail now. ‘‘Woman,’’ he said, ‘‘was then merely a creature for the gratification of man’s pleas- ure. Divorce was universal in Rome, then looked upon as representing the perfection in civilization. Polygamy was practiced then, and a species of that polygamy is practiced today — snccessive polygamy, where men have special wives, without the inconvenience and expense of keeping them together, but taking them successively, sending them away upon a slight pretexs. ‘“We are going back to divorce,’”’ his grace declared, ‘‘we are going hack to poly- gamy, and we are going back to where we were before Christianity corrected this evil. The condition of woman in Pagan times made her the white slave of man; she was degraded by polygamy, degraded by di- vorce. ‘“Woman was emancipated,’’ and the arch- bishop continued *‘when the young king, the child Jesus announced his proclama- tion to the world from the arms of a wom- an, Christianity did this, and Christianity alone can continue it. If it loses its hold woman will sink; sink by divorce to the level from whence she was raised; sink by polygamy; sink through the lust, the bra- tality ‘and sensuality of un-Christian men,” Practical Remedies for the Farm and Home. For plant diseases spray with the Bor- deanx mixture often enough to keep the mixture on the leaves so that the spores which fall upon them will be killed by it when they commence to germinate. The number of applications must depend upon the amount and frequency of washing by rain. If not washed off, ove application every two or three weeks will be sufficient, but if heavy rains should wash the Bor- deaux mixture away, it should be applied again as soon afterward as is practical. For chewing or leaf-eating ibsects add Paris green or any other arsenite to the Bordeaux mixture in the same proportion as though it were added to water only. This is the one month above all others in which to apply mild insecticides for scale insects, because it is now that the young of these pests are unprotected and easily killed. Ope insecticide which has been found very valuable for this particular work is the car- bolic acid emulsion made by emulsifying one pint of crude catholic acid with one quart of soft soap and two gallons of hot water, as previously directed for making kerosene emulsion. This is the month in which to rave your potatoes from heetles by spraying with Paris green or arsenite of lead in water and after the twentieth of the month spray with Bordeaux mixture to prevent the potato blight. In spraying with Bordeaux mix- ture one can always add the Paris green in regular proportions as though it were add- ed to water and thus kill the chewing in- sect, as well as prevent fungi. Do not de- pend upon a patent preparation kuown as Bug Death, which we hope to discuss next month. Actual tield tess with this sub- stance has proven that it is not clearly as valuable as Bordeanx mixture and Paris green, while it is much more expensive. The claim that it is also a fertilizer is ab- surd and without foundation. For thri:~ on onions, spray with kero- sene emulsion, dilute ten times, and repeat when the living insects are seen. When the tips of blackberries turn black and a ring is to be seen at the base of the blackened portion, yoa can Know that this is the work of the raspberry cane maggot, and it should he cut below the injured por- tion and burned. If the currant stock borers be present in your currant and gooseberries, they can be detected by the sickly-looking appearance of the infested stock before the end of this month. This is the time to cat them and burn them in order to prevent their doing farther damage. Plant lice, woolly aphis and young scale insects are likely to be found upon all kinds of plants. Look out for them and treat them with kercsene emulsion, or a mixed spray of kerosene and water, or with tobacco decoction, or a dilute solution of whale oil or common soap. For leaf hoppers on grapes, spray once with very dilute kerosene mixture or kera- sene emulsion to force them to the ground, and then go through the rows again just as soon afterward as possible, and while they are yet on the ground, spray with stronger kerosene mixture, kerosene emulsion, or whale oil soap solution to kill them before they again fly up to the leaves. For the plum curcunlio and plum gouger there is no better remedy than jarring the trees every morning over cloths spread or stretched for the purpose. Use a padded mailet and strike the tree firmly a few sharp blows. For the June bug. which is likely to appear upon many kinds of vegetation, spray with Bordeaux mixture and Paris green, and for a few choice plants, as rose bushes, cover them at night with netting. The rose bug can be treated in no better way than hand picking or jarring over cloths spread to capture them. If the cloths be wet with kerosene, the beetles will be killed by dropping upon them,even though they should crawl away a few min- utes afterward. The borers of apple, pear and other trees will lay their eggs the last of this month" on the bark of the trunk, and they should be prevented by one of four means: (1) Wash the trunk of the tree occasionally with soft soap; (2) paint the trunk with pure linseed oil and white lead; (3) band the trees with tarred paper; (4) put wire vetting around them in such a way that the insects cannot get under the wire. Nos. 3and 4 will also prevent the trees from mice and rabbits during the winter. If the pear tree psylla be present upon your trees, spray now with dilute kerosene emulsion. Abate the mosquito nuisance hy destroy- ing the pools of stagnant water, which are their breeding places, or by putting one teaspoonful of kerosene upon each square vard of water in which the wrigglers live. Examine cisterns, rain water barrels and other receptacles for the young mosquitoes, which are the common wrigglers, and de- stroy them hy this means. Screen ont the house fly early and keep out the flies and mosquitoes which are known to carry disease germs. Amusing Mistakes in Examination Papers by British Papils, The following list of amusing mistakes made by British school boys in their ex- amination papers is compiled by the Uni- versity correspondent : Iron is grown in large quanities for manufacturing purposes in S. France. The sun never sets on British possessions because the sun sets in the west, and our colonies are in the north, south and east. The diminutive of man is mankind. Question : Define the first person. swer : Adam. Blood consists of two sorts of sork-serews —red cork-screws and white cork-screws. Asked to explain what a buttress is, one one boy replied, ‘‘A woman who makes butter,’”” and another, ‘A female butch- er.” > Teacher’s dictation : His choler rose to such a height that passion well nigh chok- ed him. Pupil’s reproduction : His collar rose to such a height that fashion well nigh choked him.”’ A Job’s comforter isa thing yon give babies to soothe them. A skyscraper is an over-trimmed has. Political economy is the science which teaches us to get the greatest benefit with the least possible amount of honest labor. An emolument is a soothing medicine. In the United States people are put to death by elocution. Gravity was discovered by Izaak Wal- ton. It is chiefly noticeable in the autumn, when the apples are falling from the trees. An- ——Johnstown’s mayor is heading a movement to observe the Fourth of July in the Flood city in a way that will make the eagle scream so lond that he can he heard across the continent. Old and young, rich and poor, saint and sinners, are rally- ing around the flag pole, and it promises to be a whopper.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers