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There comes a time in the history of
every great movement when it must go
forward or die. Lethargy breeds reac-
tion. The fierce fight for a Declaration
had marked this point now. In the
three days since the vote the opposition
had gathered its shattered forces.
There were new mutterings, and the
little Virginian delegation in the shop
of Mr. James Randolph on High street
knew that the defiance which was to be
offered on the morrow, if it were to be
signed at all, must be signed quickly.
So out of a humid morning grew the
afternoon of the 3d of July for Phila-
delphia. It came in heat, with a brazen
sky.
Opposite Mr. Randolph’s shop on the
same evening Joseph Galloway, the
lawyer, walking slowly, paused and
looked across the street. He was thick-
set and middle aged, with a smooth,
crafty face and restless eyes.
He had lacked Whig patriotism ‘in
the First congress. The Second woulda
have none of him. And yet he had ear-
lier led the popular party against the
proprietary. Such strange overturnings
the new idea of freedom was bringing
about. The fierce Tory rancor which
had made of this man at first “the de-
fender of the prerogative” was fo con- |
vert him later into a spy, a refugee and
a sour pensicner of George IIL.
Now, there was the open hatred of a
bitter Tory in the look Joseph Galloway
cast upon the little shop.
“Good day, Mordecai,” he said in
greeting to a rotund merchant Quaker
who joined him. “I see you also look-
ing. What think you our Virginia hot
bloods will brew next in their den yon-
der?”
The Quaker frowned. “I love them
not,” he answered. “What saith the
Scriptures? ‘For the weapons of our
warfare are not carnal, but mighty
through God to the pulling down of
strongholds.’ ”
“Gentlemen of birth and wealth, for-
sooth,” continued Galloway angrily,
“and yet prating like the veriest clouts
of independence and brotherhood!
Whose was the bill to separate from
Great Britain? Richard Henry Lee's.
And who has written the Declaration
that is to be thrust beneath the dele-
gates’ noses tomorrow? Thomas Jeffer-
son. These Virginians! Would we had
never heard of Virginia before we came
to this!
“Look you”— He broke off and
pointed with his stick where a coach
bowled along High street. It was rich-
ly furnished and bore arms en its pan-
els. On the cushions, exquisitely dress-
ed in a white uniform, sat a blocky,
military looking man with bushy wig
and foreign mustachios. He wore a
cocked hat.
“’Tis M. Pliarne,” said the Quaker.
“These French parasites with powder
to peddle, Friend Joseph, would joy to
see the colonies plunged into bloody
strife. They would batten on our ex-
tremity, ‘for wheresoever the carcass is,
there the eagles be gathered together.’ ”
“French officers!” ejaculated Gallo-
way. “Aye, or adventurers! As like
to be one as another. Mayhap M. Pli-
arne goes to see the precious envoy
whose newcoming the town gapes
about.”
“He is to be received?”
“Tomorrow afternoon. ’Tis an open
secret. Notice was sent the house this
morning.”
“Twas averred in the street but now
that he is come from Louis XVI.”
“Let them jabber!” grumbled Gallo-
way. ‘Little store is to be set by these
fine envoys. I mind me when the
Frenchman came to the congress last
November. You heard of that, may-
hap. There was the same excitement;
a committee appointed, too, I remem-
ber. John Jay was upon it. They met
the personage in a room in Carpenter’s
hall, and what think you they found?
Why, a little old frog eater with a club-
foot, who when they asked him for his
authority drew his hand across his
throat, and says he, ‘Gentlemen, I shall
take care of my head? That was all
they could get out of him, Some imbe-
cile belike. And even then there were
those who saw great signs in it. A pest
on all such, say I!”
The Quaker shook his head doubtful-
ly. “Yet there is much hoped for from
this present message,” he said. “I
heard it on good authority some months
ago that a French marquis was to come
hither. Twas said Benjamin Franklin
had written of the matter from Lon-
don. Mayhap this is the same.”
“Bosh!” sniffed Galloway. ¢’Tis ab-
surd, I say, the faith that is put in
such a vain and empty hope! I do know
that half the delegates have some such
folly in their heads. The Declaration is
to be offered for signing tomorrow, and,
look you, it is in the minds of some
members to retard action upon it, hop-
ing such a message from France may
bolster faint hearts.”
“Thou dost not think they will sign, -
then ?”
“God forbid!” rejoined Galloway fer-
vently. “I cannot believe we are so
near madness as that. And yet I would
that naught had been heard of a mes-
sage from France. Methinks tomorrow
will be warm. Good night to you, Mor-
decai.”
As the two friends talked the chimes
had clangored from Christ church, and
Just as the tones sounded a ctont.
trunched old man with a shrewd, sim-
ple face under a broad hat lifted the
latch of a nearby gate which barred
an oblong green yard from the street.
Therein under a mulberry tree where
yellow cabbage butterflies went kiss-
ing wings a chubby woman was sit-
ting by a table whereon stood some
books and a glass bottle containing a
two headed snake in spirits. Two
tousled children rolled and romped un-
heeded under foot. The film of twi-
light was falling from a cooling sky.
“You are late, father,” the woman
said as the old man greeted her. “Sup-
per is almost ready. Young Mr. Jef-
ferson has sent word that he will be
here this evening. I do hope,” she add-
ed good naturedly, “that you won't
sit up all night again over that tiresome
paper he is writing. Laws! One would
think it had been a real speech.”
She ran to fetch a dish of tea, and
her father sat down in his chair and
took off his hat. His head was bald,
with a fringe of white hair. He was
mopping his forehead with a large
kerchief when she returned with the
tea.
“Bless
clicked.
already.
me!” she said as the gate
“Here is some one to see you
A young man and handsome,”
she whispered, as he came nearer. “but
how pale!” It was Armand.
“Is this Dr. Franklin?” he inquired.
“Tt is.”
“Sir,” said Armand, “a packet was
given secretly into your hands to hold
for nme some time since, sealed with a
red seal bearing four lances.”
Dr. Franklin drew his brows together
with a glance of surprise and shook his
head.
“Surely you have receivaod it?”
There was a curious rigor of anxiety
in the tone that caused Dr. Franklin
to glance sharply at his questioner.
The scrutiny satisfied him, for the look -
of suspicion that had been stiffened
by the strenuous times faded into his
habitual benevolence.
“I recall none such,” he answered
gravely. “What name did it bear?”
“It bore no name.” The tone shook
now with a confusion of apprehension.
“I fear that is all the more reason
that I could not have forgot it. These
are troublous days, sir, and faith not
always to be relied upon. To whom
did you intrust this document?”
Something like fear had come into
the other’s eyes, and Dr. Franklin for
the first time noted with concern his
agitation and pallor.
“To a young lady of Virginia.”
“I am sorry, sir, deeply sorry,” said
the old man, “but no such packet has
been put into my hands at any time.”
“Poor young man!” sighed the moth-
erly woman a few minutes later as she
set the table for supper. “What think
you could have been in it, father? He
looked as if it had meant life or death
to him.”
Armand walked slowly through sev-
eral side streets to the Red Lion tav-
ern, on Sassafras street, one of the less
pretentious inns. Here in a dim parlor
on the ground floor waited the occu-
pant of the fine coach which had roused
‘t18 this Dr. Franklin?”
the spleen of Joseph Galloway. His hat
was flung on a chair, and he strode up
and down, his mustachios bristling
with impatience.
As Armand entered he embraced him
effusively in the I'rench fashion.
“All goes well,” he cried. “I have
been discreet and have done all you in-
structed. The congress has named
three members to receive you tomorrow
at 1 o'clock. Ventrebleu! With the
Declaration hanging fire you may be-
lieve how eager they are. I have
brought your clothes too. Nom de
Dieu!” he exelaimed, holding Armand’s
arms affectionately. “To know you
were in a British prison! Thank God
you escaped their clutches, and just in
the nick of time too! You shall tell me
about it one day.”
“Pliarne!” Armand broke in upon the
other’s chatter. “Pliarne:
I have not got it.”
“Not got it?”
amazed surprise.
“No. I sent it here to Philadelphia tc
Dr. Franklin. I did not tell you this,
since T expected to find it here. Well, I
have seen Dr. Franklin, and it has not
been delivered.”
Pliarne’s face was a study of dis
may. “And what will you do?”
Armand had no time to reply, for at
that moment there came a knock at the
door, and it opened.
Instantly Pliarne bent low in a se
ries of bows to Armand.
“Accept my most profound saluta-
tions, monseigneur,” ke said in tones
of eclaborate ceremony. “I shall be
pleased to accompany you on your dis-
tinguished errand tomorrow after-
noon.”
“M. Pliarne,” said Armand easily,
“this is my good friend, Captain Jar-
rat. Au revoir, monsieur—jusqu’au
matin!” i
July 4 turned to gaze after a
fair haired girl who passed up-
on a lead-white horse, with a negro boy
behind her astride a sorrel. Yellow
dust splotched Anne’s olive cloak as she
rode into the town, and yellow dust
clung to John the Baptist’s wool.
How many leagues? She would have
been worn but for the purpose that
buoyed her up. She rode some way,
paying as little heed to the sparse
groups along the streets or to the few
painted Indians lounging with their
peltry in the squares as to the beetle
browed roofs or the wooden statuary in
the pretentious yards.
Her thoughts were busy with the
past. They flew back to that night at
Gladden Hall, her last view of Ari:and,
when Jarrat’s troopers had dragged him
away; to the flight of Dunmore and
his family, his wanton burning of Nor-
folk with his rabble of runaway slaves,
and the last fight at Gwyn’s island,
whence the impotent earl, with his bru-
tal aid, Captain Foy, sailed away to
the north, never again to set foot upon
Virginian soil; to her anguished wonder
as to Armand’s fate meanwhile. Even
Henry’s return from thé Second con-
na,
ane latter!
Pliarne repeated in
CHAPTER XV.
ORE than one along the south
road that sultry morning of
gress, the news that Colonel Washing-
ton had been elected commander in
chief of colonial forces and the glori-
ous outcome of his long siege of Boston
had not been able to cheer her.
She thought of the long hours she
had watched by the bedside of the
bondwoman with grave faced Dr.
Craik watching her slow return to life;
of the still longer days when she had
fat by the listless figure who only
stared leaden eyed and with brain pite-
ously dulled to hear asked over and
over again with desperate earnestness
that same question, “Where is it—
can’t you remember?’—a question met
always with the same result; of the
long, fruitless search, the unreasoning
faith in him that would net yield to re-
cital or argument, and finally the lucky
accident which had given her the glew
to the packet's hidtng place.
She had started the selfsame day,
taking John the Baptist with her, leav-
ing a hurried message for her unale
and aunt, who were then away in Rich-
mond. And this, the twelfth day there-
after, found her at her journey’s end
riding into the wide, clean thorough-
fares of Philadelphia.
“Mis’ Annie”—John the Baptist’s sol-
emn drawl broke her reverie—‘‘dat yal-
ler boy at de place whar we stayed ias’
night say dee gwinter mek ev’ybody
ekal. Do dat mean we niggers gwine
ter be white lak you, or is y’all gwine
ter be black lak me?”
But Anne had no answer.
Going toward High street, her course
lay by the open green on which the new
statehouse fronted. She noticed that
the pavements were almost deserted
and found herself thinking wondering-
ly that the streets of Richmond were
noisier.
It was with a start of surprise that
on turning a corner by the green she
pulled up without warning on the skirts
of a great hushed crowd, well ordered,
moving restlessly under tree that
shrilled with locusts.
Most of those nearer the front were
gentry. They walked back and forth
slowly, trampling the blue thistles and
whortleberry bushes. Next them was
a stratum of the trading and working
classes. No wonder the wealthier mer-
chants jeered them, for they wore trou-
sers of coarse drill, even leather jer-
kins, and some carried tools. Here was
a group of weavers from Germantown,
and not far away a knot of Swedes
from Wicacoa. The older men among
these wore leggings and skin coats.
On the outskirts of all, here and there,
holding themselves aloof, walked state-
lier, heavier figures in small clothes of
rich velvets and satins and wearing
powdered wigs.
They carried irritable looks, these
“Pennsylvania lords,” as the bitter Ad-
ams called them. It was bad weather
for Tories. From the yard of Clarke’s
inn, across the street, they looked
askance at the workmen, passing sneer-
ing allusions to the representatives from
Massachusetts, angered at the assump-
tion of legislative powers by men clear-
ly of more humble blood than them-
selves.
They saw the cannon in position by
the statehouse and the Continental flags
fluttering from the shipping in the har-
bor. They knew that in the nearby
woods five battalions of Associators,
drilled and armed, were awaiting any
outcome. They knew that the people
were ready, if only their leaders should
choose.
(Continued neat week.)
-—Last week at Buffalo the Presbyter-
ian General Assembly adopted hy a two-
thirds vote a resolution whieh in substance
provides that Preshyterian ministers he en-
joined from marrying divorced persons,
who are ineligible in the churches belong-
ing to the inter-church conference.
CAUSE.
“Mr. Crow,” said his mate,
“What's the racket so great,
In that field by the woods over yon-
der.
Many crows all around,
Have flocked to the ground,
Are they holding a ‘‘caucus’” 1 won-
der 2”?
He replied : “Mrs Crow,
That cannot be so,
And regarded his partner with scorn,
As he said with a drawl,
“It’s no ‘caucus’ at all;
It is only a corner in corn.”
—E. T. Drake.
The Japs at Their Worst.
Why the Koreans Hate Them so Cordially.
The relations between Korea and Japan,
both past and present, are clearly set forth
in the following review of Agnus Hamil-
ton’s ‘‘Korea,’”” by M. W. Hazeltine, of
the New York ‘‘Sun.”
At an early date a large fraction, if not
the whole, of the peninsula was conquered
by the Japanese unde: the Empress Jingu,
or Jingo, and retained for a considerable
time. Again in the closing years of the
sixteenth century, the peninsnla was in-
vaded and a large part of it temporarily
conquered by the Japanese under the Re-
gent Hideyoshi and even after most of the
peninsula was evacuated the Japanese re-
tained a foothold at Fusan, together with
certain rights which formed’ the basis on
which China’s claim to suzerainty was dis-
puted in the war of 1894 95.
The part which Fusan played in the war
of 1894-95 it had already played, we re-
peat, 300 years before. In the sixteenth
century Korea, taking advantage of the in-
ternal convulsions of which the Island Em-
pire was a victim, bad practically renounc-
ed ber old relation of vassalage to Japan
and had ceased to send annual embassy
thither. When order was at length re-
stored in the Island Empire, the king of
Korea was summoned to renew his allegi-
ance. The answer proving unsatisfactory,
an invasion of the peninsula was under-
taken by the Japanese. Oar author points
out that a ‘‘settlement at Fusan, which had
been founded long before by the retainers
of the daimio (prince) of the island of
Tsushima, assisted by itinerant tradersand
deserters from the numerous expeditions
which had visited its shores, had grown to
dimensions that when a (Japanese) force
was descried off the barbor on the morning
of May 25th, 1592, Fusan was already in
their possession.’”” Not only did this cir-
cumstance given the Japanese troops facili-
ties for disembarkation, but, throughout
the vicissitudes of the next six years cam-
paign, it furthered their operations. The
position of Fusan made the place not
only a base of supplies for the invading
armies, but also a repairing yard, much
needed by the Japanese fleet when it had
been defeated by Korean ships in an at-
tempt to co-operate with the victorious
soldiers which the Japanese Generals Ko-
nishi and Kuroda had massed before the
city of Ping-yang, in the northwest of the
peninsula. After the failure of this first
invasion and the retreat in May, 1593, of
the Japanese from the north before the
combined strength of the Chinese and Ko-
reans, Fosan became one of the fortified
camps where the Japanese passed the win-
ter almost within sight of their pative
shores. The negotiations which were
prosecuted during the four following years
having proved fruitless, Japan decided to
renew the attack, and Fusan became the
hase of the second invasion. A tremendous
foree was now launched against the penin-
sula by dideyoshi, and although it had
ultimately to be withdrawn, it is said to
have cost Korea the loss of 300,000 men
and to have subjected it to devastation
from which the country needed two cen-
turies to recover If, indeed, she has ever
regained its former prosperity. Moreover,
as we have mentioned, the Japanese con-
tinned to retain Fusan, as a voucher of
their claim to ascendency. When the
treaty of 1876 removed the nominal ob-
stacles to the oversea immigration, which
had gone on for several hundred years, a
wave of Japanese colonization at once
broke upon the eastern, western and south-
ern shores of the Hermit Kingdom.
II.
Mr. Hamilton undertakes to explain the
aversion to the Japanese which is evinced
by the Koreans. He testifies from person-
al experience that, of the various races of
foreigners now represented in Korea, no
outsiders are so detested as those hailing
from the Island Empire. We quote the
explanation of the fact, which is note-
worthy because it emanates from an author
whom we understand to be a British sub-
jeot. ‘‘Nor is,”’ we read, ‘‘the prejudice
remarkable, when it is considered that it
is the scum of Japanese nation that has
settled down upon Korea. It is, perbaps,
surprising that the animus of the ‘Koreans
against the Japanese has not died out with
time ; but the fault lies entirely with the
Japanese themselves. Within recent
years so much has occurred to alter the po-
sition of Japan and to flatter the vanity of
these island people that they have lost
their sense of perspective. Puffed up with
conceit, they now permit themselves to
commit (in Korea) social and administra-
tive excesses of the most detestable char-
acter. Their extravagant arrogance blinds
them to the absurdities and follies of their
actions, making manifest the fact that their
gloss of civilization is the merest veneer.
Their conduct in Korea shows them to be
destitute of moral and intellectual fibre.
They are debauched in business, and the
prevalence of dishonorable practice in pub-
lic life makes them indifferent to private
probity. Their interpretation of the law
in their sentiments is corrupt. Might is
right; the sense of power is tempered
neither by reason, justice nor generosity.
Their mode of existence from day to day,
their habits and their manners, their com-
mercial and social degradation, complete
an abominable travesty of the civilization
which they profess to have assimilated. It
is intolerable that a government aspiring
to dignity of a first class power should al-
low its settlements in a foreign but friend-
ly country to be a blot upon its own pres-
tige, and a disgrace to the land that har-
bors them.” We should bear in mind
that Mr. Hamilton draws a sharp distine-
tion between the Japanese at home and the
Japanese emigrants in the Korean penin-
sula.
When Mr. Hamilton visited Korea,
there were some twenty-five thousand Jap-
anese in the peninsula. His testimony is
that the Japanese settlement was the
curse of every treaty port. It was, he
avers, at once the centre of business and
the scene of uproar, riot and confusion.
“In the comparative nakedness of the
women, in the noise and violence of the
shopkeepers, in the litter of the streets,
there is nothing to suggest the delicate oul-
ture of Japan. The modesty, cleanliness
and politeness so characteristic of the Japa-
nese at home, are conspicuously absent in
their settlements in this country. Trans-
wo ID
formation has taken place with transmi-
gration. The merchant has become a
rowdy. The coolie is impudent, violent
and, in general, an outcast, more prone to
steal than to work. Master and man alike
terrorize the Koreans, who go in fear of
their lives whenever they have transactions
with the Japavese. Before the Chinese-
Japanese war, this spirit had not displayed
itseif to any great extent in the capital of
the Hermit Kingdom. With the success
ful conclusion of that campaign, however,
the Japanese became so aggressive in their
treatment of the people that, had the choice
of two evils been possible the Koreans
would have preferred the Chinese, and a
state of dependence upon them, to the con-
ditions which were then introduced. The
universal admiration aroused hy the con-
duct of the Japanese troops in the North
China campaign of 1900 01 bas added sen-
sibly to the vanity and egoism of the Japa-
nese in Korea. Convinced of their innate
superiority, their violence toward the Ko-
reans goes on unchecked. It threatens
ow to assume unparalleled dimensions.”
Passing of Steam Power.
Internal Combustion Engines Are Much More
Economical.
I have heen led, lately, to think the
whole development of the steam engine, to
the exclusion of the gas engine, bas been a
mistake, and that we are now at the begin-
ning of a new era in the use of power. En-
gineers could today gain better and more
economical results by abandoning steam
and using internal combustion engines,
even in large establishments. The gain in
economy of fuel will advance with the size
of the establishment. With the internal
conbustion engine, a brake horse-power can
be produced on a pound of coal. This
could not be done with steam under any
conditions.
So great a revolution has come about in
methods of producing power that a 10,000
ton cruiser of 21 knots an hour could today
proceed around the world at 14 knots with
out taking on fuel and without sacrificing
any of ber war efficiency. New kinds of
engines have come into vogue, which sug-
gest facts even larger than this.
Oil engines using crude petroleum will
be developed as soon’as the demand is felt
for them, but, even here, the fuel can be
made into gas and burned thus with far
greater economy than is possible when the
oil itself is burned under boilers or gaso-
lene can be used.
In an ordinary 3,2..0 horse power torpe-
do boat, 43 tons of coal would be used in
10 hours. With gasolene, the "1adins of
activity of the same torpedo boat can be
more than quadrupled, for 3,200 horse pow-
er can be produced from 3,200 gallons of
fuel. Briefly, 16,000 pounds of gasolene
will do the work of 96,000 pounds of coal.
The cost of the fuel is higher, but with a
gosolene-plant in a torpedo boat, only two
men are required in the engine room, and
none at all in the fire-room. The dangers
of steam at high pressure are avoided, and
the complexity of steem machinery done
away with.
Owing to the certain saying to be secur-
ed in coal consumption and to the simpli-
city and reliability of the gas engine plant,
we shall witness a gradual forcing out of
the steam plants in future power plants
and lightning, pumping or factory use, and
it will be a question of but a short time be-
fore many of the existing steam plants wil
be replaced.
Consumption from Cattle.
English Commissioner Thinks the Disease May be
Acquired in That Way.
The British royal commission appointed
in August, 1901, to investigate the connec-
tion between human and animal tubercu-
losis, has reached certain conclusions em-
bodied in art ad interim report, which in
effect refutes Prof. Koch’s much discussed
theory that tuberculosis cannot be commu-
nicated by animals to human beings.
The commissioners attacked the problem
experimentally instead of beginning by col-
lecting opinions, aud their main conclusion
is thus expressed:
**We have most carefully compared the
tuberculosis set up in bovine animals by
material of human origin with that set up
in bovine animals by material of bovine or-
igin, and so far have found the one, both
in its broad general featuresand in its finer
histological deals, identical with the oth-
er.
‘‘Onr records contain accounts of posts
mortem examinations of bovine animals in-
fected with the tuberculosis material of hu-
man beings which might be used as typical
descriptions of ordinary bovine tuberculo-
sis.”’
This, in the judgment of the commission-
ers, ‘‘seems to show quite clearly that it
would be very unwise to frame or modify
legislative measures in accordance with the
view that human and bovine tubercle bac-
illi are specifically different and that the
disease cansed by one is wholly different
from the disease caused by the other.”
The commissioners experimented with
more thar two hundred bovine animals.
Their present conclusion, which will be
followed by a further report, strikingly
support the view of a majority of English
medical men and are likely to lead to a
strengthening of the regulations regarding
the sale of meat and milk. x
Divorce Means Polygamy.
Linking The
8» Says Archbishop Ryan, Twin
Evils.
In an address delivered at the dedication
of the parochial school and cenvens at New
Philadelphia, arch bishop Ryan. of Phila-
delphia, spoke vigorously upon the divorce
question. His grace went back to the time
when Paganism had sway in the world and
drew an analogy between conditions that
prevailed then and conditions that prevail
now.
‘‘Woman,’’ he said, ‘‘was then merely a
creature for the gratification of man’s pleas-
ure. Divorce was universal in Rome, then
looked upon as representing the perfection
in civilization. Polygamy was practiced
then, and a species of that polygamy is
practiced today — snccessive polygamy,
where men have special wives, without the
inconvenience and expense of keeping them
together, but taking them successively,
sending them away upon a slight pretexs.
‘“We are going back to divorce,’”’ his
grace declared, ‘‘we are going hack to poly-
gamy, and we are going back to where we
were before Christianity corrected this evil.
The condition of woman in Pagan times
made her the white slave of man; she was
degraded by polygamy, degraded by di-
vorce.
‘“Woman was emancipated,’’ and the arch-
bishop continued *‘when the young king,
the child Jesus announced his proclama-
tion to the world from the arms of a wom-
an, Christianity did this, and Christianity
alone can continue it. If it loses its hold
woman will sink; sink by divorce to the
level from whence she was raised; sink by
polygamy; sink through the lust, the bra-
tality ‘and sensuality of un-Christian
men,”
Practical Remedies for the Farm and
Home.
For plant diseases spray with the Bor-
deanx mixture often enough to keep the
mixture on the leaves so that the spores
which fall upon them will be killed by it
when they commence to germinate. The
number of applications must depend upon
the amount and frequency of washing by
rain. If not washed off, ove application
every two or three weeks will be sufficient,
but if heavy rains should wash the Bor-
deaux mixture away, it should be applied
again as soon afterward as is practical. For
chewing or leaf-eating ibsects add Paris
green or any other arsenite to the Bordeaux
mixture in the same proportion as though
it were added to water only.
This is the one month above all others in
which to apply mild insecticides for scale
insects, because it is now that the young
of these pests are unprotected and easily
killed.
Ope insecticide which has been found very
valuable for this particular work is the car-
bolic acid emulsion made by emulsifying
one pint of crude catholic acid with one
quart of soft soap and two gallons of hot
water, as previously directed for making
kerosene emulsion.
This is the month in which to rave your
potatoes from heetles by spraying with
Paris green or arsenite of lead in water and
after the twentieth of the month spray with
Bordeaux mixture to prevent the potato
blight. In spraying with Bordeaux mix-
ture one can always add the Paris green in
regular proportions as though it were add-
ed to water and thus kill the chewing in-
sect, as well as prevent fungi. Do not de-
pend upon a patent preparation kuown as
Bug Death, which we hope to discuss next
month. Actual tield tess with this sub-
stance has proven that it is not clearly as
valuable as Bordeanx mixture and Paris
green, while it is much more expensive.
The claim that it is also a fertilizer is ab-
surd and without foundation.
For thri:~ on onions, spray with kero-
sene emulsion, dilute ten times, and repeat
when the living insects are seen.
When the tips of blackberries turn black
and a ring is to be seen at the base of the
blackened portion, yoa can Know that this
is the work of the raspberry cane maggot,
and it should he cut below the injured por-
tion and burned.
If the currant stock borers be present in
your currant and gooseberries, they can be
detected by the sickly-looking appearance
of the infested stock before the end of this
month. This is the time to cat them and
burn them in order to prevent their doing
farther damage.
Plant lice, woolly aphis and young scale
insects are likely to be found upon all
kinds of plants. Look out for them and
treat them with kercsene emulsion, or a
mixed spray of kerosene and water, or with
tobacco decoction, or a dilute solution of
whale oil or common soap.
For leaf hoppers on grapes, spray once
with very dilute kerosene mixture or kera-
sene emulsion to force them to the ground,
and then go through the rows again just as
soon afterward as possible, and while they
are yet on the ground, spray with stronger
kerosene mixture, kerosene emulsion, or
whale oil soap solution to kill them before
they again fly up to the leaves.
For the plum curcunlio and plum gouger
there is no better remedy than jarring the
trees every morning over cloths spread or
stretched for the purpose. Use a padded
mailet and strike the tree firmly a few
sharp blows.
For the June bug. which is likely to
appear upon many kinds of vegetation,
spray with Bordeaux mixture and Paris
green, and for a few choice plants, as rose
bushes, cover them at night with netting.
The rose bug can be treated in no better
way than hand picking or jarring over
cloths spread to capture them. If the
cloths be wet with kerosene, the beetles
will be killed by dropping upon them,even
though they should crawl away a few min-
utes afterward.
The borers of apple, pear and other trees
will lay their eggs the last of this month"
on the bark of the trunk, and they should
be prevented by one of four means: (1)
Wash the trunk of the tree occasionally
with soft soap; (2) paint the trunk with
pure linseed oil and white lead; (3) band
the trees with tarred paper; (4) put wire
vetting around them in such a way that
the insects cannot get under the wire. Nos.
3and 4 will also prevent the trees from
mice and rabbits during the winter.
If the pear tree psylla be present upon
your trees, spray now with dilute kerosene
emulsion.
Abate the mosquito nuisance hy destroy-
ing the pools of stagnant water, which are
their breeding places, or by putting one
teaspoonful of kerosene upon each square
vard of water in which the wrigglers live.
Examine cisterns, rain water barrels and
other receptacles for the young mosquitoes,
which are the common wrigglers, and de-
stroy them hy this means.
Screen ont the house fly early and keep
out the flies and mosquitoes which are
known to carry disease germs.
Amusing Mistakes in Examination
Papers by British Papils,
The following list of amusing mistakes
made by British school boys in their ex-
amination papers is compiled by the Uni-
versity correspondent :
Iron is grown in large quanities for
manufacturing purposes in S. France.
The sun never sets on British possessions
because the sun sets in the west, and our
colonies are in the north, south and east.
The diminutive of man is mankind.
Question : Define the first person.
swer : Adam.
Blood consists of two sorts of sork-serews
—red cork-screws and white cork-screws.
Asked to explain what a buttress is, one
one boy replied, ‘‘A woman who makes
butter,’”” and another, ‘A female butch-
er.” >
Teacher’s dictation : His choler rose to
such a height that passion well nigh chok-
ed him. Pupil’s reproduction : His collar
rose to such a height that fashion well nigh
choked him.”’
A Job’s comforter isa thing yon give
babies to soothe them.
A skyscraper is an over-trimmed has.
Political economy is the science which
teaches us to get the greatest benefit with
the least possible amount of honest labor.
An emolument is a soothing medicine.
In the United States people are put to
death by elocution.
Gravity was discovered by Izaak Wal-
ton. It is chiefly noticeable in the autumn,
when the apples are falling from the trees.
An-
——Johnstown’s mayor is heading a
movement to observe the Fourth of July
in the Flood city in a way that will make
the eagle scream so lond that he can he
heard across the continent. Old and young,
rich and poor, saint and sinners, are rally-
ing around the flag pole, and it promises
to be a whopper.