Gen. Miranda, in lii* jufllScafrry memorial, in exculpation of iiiuilelf, tbl ows- ail the blame on Dumow ier, whom lie accufeiof tre.ilon. The moll positive contradiction is given'io fonie very absurd reports v.tiich had been indiiltiioofly e nough circulated relpeciiiig two BaibiJi-I'jancci now on the Conti nent. The public are itnieated to give-J-iwie-ocedk toany fiich reborn. ) h'is is the day appointed for all the inhabitants oP the 1 olnh pro vinces taken po (It lii on ot by the Icing or Fruflia to take the oath of fidelity to that monarch. Count Hei izberg is the petfon whom his mnjellv has sent to repj efent him on (hat ntdiinn. The acconni ofc iHe fud !en death f>f Dr. Lettfoin is untrue. 1 tie doiftor has contradicted it in a let ter l'ubfcribed by binifelf. Letter from Gen. Dampierre to the National Convention ot France, written before his nomination to be Commander in Chiet ot the northern army. " Finding itie republican danger, 1 have taken fiuc.h extraordinary mealuresas 1 Hope will mtft your appi obaiion. 1 will rally to your - standard as much as pofTible the jroops, and all good citizens to counteract the designs of a traitor, who has now thrown off the niatk. 1 dispatch to you ci' ip.en I ardie, officer of enginry ; he has been wit ness to all the intrigues ot Ijumoo rier and. his little circle ; and ot :t!l that horrid scene ot vi 1 lainy cI which those he entertained about him were capable. He will-let you into a lull ■ ■ knowledge of all this dark hiftoiy. It is my wiflt to save my country .'I wait with impatience for your as filtance and pro edtion. I oifer mv felfbecaufe 1 fee no other general that will come forward. When a superior is appointed, who has his country's falvaiion at heart, and the independence ofthe republic, 1 will obey his orders to the lalt extremi ty." Never was an age so fertile as the present in chemical discoveries. Ac cident some time ago proved, that animal fuMances remaining a cer tain time in the earth, instead ot be ing; devoured according to the vul gar notion by worms, were convert ed inn a fubilance of exac'tly the fame qualities with that called Sper maceti. Experiments have been •since made in imitation ot this pro te/s of nature ; and various pans of'the human and other bodies, de posited a few months in the eqrth, or in water, have been convened into infiaipiiiable fubftauces, whicli burn with a bright flame till they totally coninmed. Ihe only parts not thus convertible are the earthy basis of the bones. And as every thing infiamtnahle relolves it felf in lis analvfis into different kinds of air, the body of tnan therefore will finally resolve itfelf into ethe real fubltances. All dead bodies are capable of being made into candles ; and ihofe who have been tlriving in vain.to give light during their lives, will certainly have that capa ..city after they are (lead. According to Lord Rawdon's af fe<sting ftatenient in his new bill, there are no less than 30,000 debtors, 1,300 wives, and 4,000 children dil trelied by the prelent Laws ot Loan and Credit. The Navy Lift at present contains the names ot 110 lels than 1400 lieu- tenants The following lingular remedy in cases of Canine Madnels, we learn by a letter from Jamaica, was late )y pratflifed at Kingilon, with the «lefired effect : A large Dog, who had every lyiitprom ot madnefs,wfts immei fed in fall water till nearly dead. When taken out and rubbed before a fire, it gradually recovered, without the lead remains of its for mer malady. - Nfrtwii-hiianding the communiea (ion from Kranceis much interrupt t<d, we have received the following le.:ei from Boulogne, which con rains tvewi of great importance, fhoti!d the event juftify the contents of it.' Bo.uj.or.N V, April 25. « Twelve days ago two Knglifh men embarked at this place for En gland. This circumliance took place at noun, and wiih uncommon attention ton aids ituni on the part of the .Municipality of the town. /\n agent from the executive Cou ncil, \»n« accompanied them fium Paris, did not fail to excite ouf at tention. The inhabitants in gene ral expected tlieir bulinels was re lating to the opening of the pafi'age between England and France, which hadbeen so lately fbut. These two perlons arrived here about fix davs before, accompanied by t he agent above mentioned, whole pafl'pot t laid he was charged tuuji a mijfion. He brought alio fiO'n the Executive Council to the Mayor and Municipal officers, to fend these foreigners to their own country, with all proper attention. This was 011 the point of being ful filled, when a Comniiflioner ot the Convention from Arras arrived in the town, to whom the Mayor com municated the affair. The Commif mifHoner, not knowing their er rand, and as the defection of Du mouiler had jtilf taken place, he fufperted the persons, and accord ingly ordered them to be arretted, and dispatched a courier to Paris,to identify the paflport,anda boat was kept readv, in cafe the letters of the President of the Council were confirmed. In this situation they re mained fix days, when orders were returned to fend t'hem so England, arid these were confirmed by the new committee of Public Safety, confifling; of nine of the leading 'members df both parties in the Con vention. The Mayor and Munici pality accompanied them to the (£uay, where they embarked for England. Ihe objetft of their mil" fion tin one could learn. " Thjs circhmftance has of courte c9ufed much (peculation, and the general opinion is,they w ere chatg e'(l with making; overtures for a peace. The Government of France having cleaily seen the deceptions that had been palled upon it on'a lormer occasion, dnd feeing that the only prcfpect of quieting af fairs at homie was by peace, has u natiimbr.tly determined upon the meafuie; In cunfcquence of whicfc, letters' to this purpose, we tfndeV llarid, have been written ; but ow ing to the Alien Bill,and not know ing what reception a Frenchman would meet with in England, these letters were thus forwarded to an Agent of the Executive Council re lident in London, to deiiver lo Lord Grenville." GEOGRAPHY OK THE WAR, AT THE PRESLN'T MOMENT: It may be fatisfaftory, perhaps, to foine who are defiroos to form a just idea ot the tranfatftions in the present war between France and the Allies, if we point out the dif ferent fltuations of the armies op posed to each other. First, the Prince of Cobonrg, at the head of the Austrian, Hanoverian, and Bi'i ti(h troops in Flanders, 13 begging the towns of Conde, Valenciennes, &c. on the northern frontiers of France. If we then carry our eve alongthemap to the eallward for 2>o miles, welhall find the cities of Mentz and Caflel, (which (land op pofiie to each othei on the banks of rhe Rhine) closely besieged by the Prnlfian General Kalkreuth. At tending the Rhine about fifty miles, we come to Spires, where General Wurinfer, at the head of 40,000 Germans, is preparing to lay siege to Landau, a Wrench town in Alsace, which Marihal Vnnban employed all his (kill in rendering one of the ttroiigeft fortrellesin Europe. Pro ceeding about twenty miles to the fomhward, we find Ctiftine with the remains of his army, which tlie Ki"£ of Prnfiia has driven from the Electorate of Mentz, encamped un der the walls of Weillenbourg, in Alsace. The celebrated invfcmor of the terrible fire, known under the title of Cailles, which did fiich surprising execution at the late liege of Bel grade. under Marechal Laudohn, has been sent for expreis from Vi enna, to affiil at the siege of Menrz. T he allies, it has been rtated,are by no meaijs agreed as to their object, or the mode to attain it. 'f he ge nerous valour of the Prince de Co bourg, it was laid, refpefled an ene 454 mv, he had found brave beyond ex pecta. 1011. VI l»iit was even yer more motnen tons ill.in this, it was aliened, upon ue know not what authority, that the BritiHi Cabinet was n»t indil posed to negociate for a peace. To (his idea, the vigorous preparations at home, and the fubfi.fy to foreign troops g|ve some contradiction ; not TTTdeeJ i Surmountable tothofe who recolltrt ishe Miniller's accuftonted practice of armed negociations. Mr.-Secretary Dundas's son, who is jiow of age, is the political pupil of Lord Auckland. He docs not come into Parliament till the noble Lord has pronounced his education finijhed. The Earl of Fife's fuccefiion to the fortune of his kinfwoinan, Mrs. Duff, is disputed by her nephew, the foil of ihe late Admiral Duff. The bsne of centemion is worth jo.oool. of coilrfe it will afford pret ty pickings for the lawyers. Miss Scott, tjie wealthiest Heiress in the kingdom, is, by an abfuid C laufe in her father's Will, prohi bited front marrjing-a Peer, or the presumptive Heir of a Peer, under the Penalty of forfeiting the greac (Ell part of her fortune. This per haps may be one reason why Mr. Dundas has never counted on the ho nors of the Upper House. You,rg Oswald, the son and heir to.the great fortune of, the Ameri can Peacemaker, is lately married to the beautiful and accompliflied Mis: Lucy Johnson, of Edinburgh, j Extract of a letter from Dundee, data , April 21. " I am just now. come from wir n effing a molt ditit'trous and melan choly scene. Above 150 persons having this afternoon crowded 011 board a light lloop in this harbor, at full tide, in order to view the launching of a vellel from the dock yard, unfortunately,froin the weight of the perfonson the (hrouds, yards, and declc, the (loop overset, and eve ry person was thrown into the wa ter. By the Angular exertions and activity of the teamen (and huma nity of others who ft ripped- and fwarn in to save those unhappy per sons) bqats were inttantly got close to the wreck, and almost allot them were picked up in less than a quar ter of an hour. lam sorry to learn, however, that about thirteen have pevilhed by this fid catattrophe.— The wild and helpless fci earns and veils of parents and others, i.t qnett of, and trembling for the fate ot children and relations, may be much easier imagined than described. A mother saved with the lots of theiu f;int in her arms, and children pre ferred with the loss. of their keep ers, formed altogether the molt helpiefs and wretched piftnre 1 ever beheld. It has indeed at present spread a very dismal gloom over the face of this place. United States. WINCHESTER (Vir.) June« 4. On Thurftey the 23d t:k. Lome pcifor.s un known, but believed 1 om a variety of circum ftmtces to cr»ni;ft of from 3 to 6, fir. d upon thue unarmed Indians, two Chickafaws and a Che rokee, in ihe woods, about 600 .paces from Gov. Blount's house, and.wo.undin tne Chick a.aws ( John Mot-m) wijh which wound he died on the 24 h, and was buried on the 25th. The toitowiwg is Governor Bloum's order for \ hie buTial: "■John MorriS; the Chickafaw who was so inhumanly murdereo on the 23d inlUnt, by the bale hand of fame unknown ailailin,. to be bu .ried thi&afternoon, at theufual bunai ground of the white people, with the military honpisdue to a warrior as hi* friendly* nation. TAe pio ctfliou 10 com,meuce in the street near the'inaga iinc, at four o'clock. ORtiER OF PROCESSION. ,c Serjeant, corporal and twelve privates to precede the corps. . 41 The Governor and brother of the as chief mourn- rs. ' | " The Chlckaiaws, two ant! two. " rhe civil and miliiary officers, two &. (wo. " Private citizens, two and two." < The tnnabitants ot Knoxville generally, and many from the circumjaccnt coun;ry attended., and expjeffed great lorrow at the inhuman mur! der ot this good and iriendlv voting Chickalaw John Morris, and his brotnei Janus Andtr <o„, who was wi:h Flamingo in Gen St. Clair's army, arrived will, Gn«,dcy, the Hanging Maw, and leveral other Cherokccs, at the Governors, on Sunday the igth, and at the time they were Sired upon, were in the woods, attending ,r, Bfetrttuifes at grafs A between the Gwerm,:'., hou e a„d plantauon. in a bend of the rve, Hulfton, whcie no armed ocifqn, could have any bui.nefs except to injure such Indians., they might there find. TV rrrpTratnrs of f< fti.lr ihitc lti4i»ft l»oi tc« - * ih t v n«' only louglic lonocetil blooVt but prupcuy not then own. N E W-Y O H K, June *7. Extract*tf a Utter Jrcm Lcnticm, dated May 1, to a merchant in this irtr. " I find that the situation of things at home as well as abroad has brought Mr. Pitt to fay very nearly as much as that he will treat with the convention, or tile inen of the day if'no better can be done. He is so much at the home situation, that be will make rertns with France, and next packet will con firm to you what I now write." fOR THE GAZLFTE. THE second and principal ofcjeftion to the proclamation, namely, (hat it is iti'con filtent with the treaties between the Unite J St:'"es an.d France, will now be examined. It has been already !lic\Vn, that it is nnt in confident with the performance of any of the stipulations in thole treaties, which would not make ns an alTociate or party in the v at and particularly that it is incompatible with the privileges secured to Fiance by the fe venteentb and twenty-second articlei of the Treaty of Commerce ; which, except the clau r <* of guarantee, comlitute the most ma terial discriminations to be found in our trea ties in favor of that country. Official documents have likewise appeared in the pnblic papers, which are understood to be authentic, that serve as a comment upon the lenfe of the proclamation in this part ci:- lar, proving that it was nto deemed by the executive incompatible with the performance of the ftipnlatio'ns in tbofe articles, and that in practice they are intended to be obiervec 1 . It has however been admitted, that the declaration of netit'rality excludes the idea of an execution of the clause of guarantee. It becomes neceHary therefore toexanrme, whether the United States would have a va lid juftificatien for no' complying with it, iii ca'e of the , r being called upon for that pur pore by France. Without knowing bow far the reasons" which have occurred to me, may have influ enced the President, there appear to me to exist very good and fubftantiaJ grnan'ds far A refufal. The alliance between the United States and France is a d-Jevfive alliance. In the cap tion of it it »s denominated a u treatv of al liance eventual and dejenfive." In the body of it. (article second) it is called adefenfive alliance. The, words of that article are as follow 44 the efTential and dire<sl end of the present dcfcvfve 'affiance is to maintain eife&uajly the liberty, sovereignty and independence absolute and unlimited of the United States, as wdlfin mat te v r «t r •?» <*-ef com me r ce.'' The predominant quality or character then of our alliance wi:h France is, t'.<at it h'de ftnfive in its principle, of course the meaning obligation and force of every stipulation in the treaty must he tested and determined by that principle. It j's not necetfary (and would be abTurd) that it lhould be repeated in every article. 11 is fufHcienc that it be once de clared, to big undferftood in every part of the treaty, unless coup'ed with express negative words excluding the implication. The great queflion consequently :s—what are the. nature and eueft of a defenfive alli ance ? When does the cafus fcdeer is, or cords/ion of the contra# take place, in such an alliance? Reason, the concurring opinions of writers, and the practice of nations will answer u when either of the allies i* attacked, when war is made upon him, not when he makes war upon another In other words, the ft - pulated afHUance is to be given to the ally when engaged in a defcnficc, not when enga ge/J in an o]f:nf,ve war. This obligation to allift only in a defenfive war, the eilential difference between a defenfive allir ance and one which is both ofifcnfive and dr. fenliye. In the latter cafe there is an obli gation to co operate as well when the war on the part of our ally is offenfive, as when.it is defenfive. To affirm therefore, that the United States are bound to allift France in the war in which Ihe is at preient engaged, would be to convert our treary with, her into an alliance offenfive and defenfive, contrary to the express and reiterated declarations of the instrument itfelf. This afljertion implies, that the war in question is an ojfcnjivc war on the part of France. And To it undoubtedly is with regard to all the powers with whom fl?e was. at war at the tir.se ofifiuing the proclamation. No portion is betrer eftablilhed, than that the power which firjl declares, or ail tally begins a War, whatever may have been the caul'es leading to it, is that which makes an ojfcnjive war. Nor is there any doubt that France nrft declared and began the war, against Au stria, Prussia, Savoy, Holland, England and Spain. Upon this point there is apt to be some in corre&nefs of ideas. Thjofe who have not examined fubjefts of such a nature, are led to imagine that the party which commits the firft injury, or gives the firft provocation, is 0:1 the offenfive fide in the war, though begun by the other party. But the cause or the occasion of the war, and the war itielf, are things entirely diftinA. Tis the commencement of the war itfelf, that decries the question of being an the of fenli ve or deienfive. Ail writers on the laws ot nations agree in this principle, but it is more accurately laid down in the following extra<st f 0111 Burlcmaqui* 44 Ne:ther are we to believe (fays he) that he rtho faji injures another, begins by tb?t an war, and that the other uho dt•
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