Gen. Miranda, in lii* jufllScafrry
memorial, in exculpation of iiiuilelf,
tbl ows- ail the blame on Dumow ier,
whom lie accufeiof tre.ilon.
The moll positive contradiction
is given'io fonie very absurd reports
v.tiich had been indiiltiioofly e
nough circulated relpeciiiig two
BaibiJi-I'jancci now on the Conti
nent. The public are itnieated to
give-J-iwie-ocedk toany fiich reborn.
) h'is is the day appointed for all
the inhabitants oP the 1 olnh pro
vinces taken po (It lii on ot by the
Icing or Fruflia to take the oath of
fidelity to that monarch. Count
Hei izberg is the petfon whom his
mnjellv has sent to repj efent him
on (hat ntdiinn.
The acconni ofc iHe fud !en death
f>f Dr. Lettfoin is untrue. 1 tie
doiftor has contradicted it in a let
ter l'ubfcribed by binifelf.
Letter from Gen. Dampierre to the
National Convention ot France,
written before his nomination to
be Commander in Chiet ot the
northern army.
" Finding itie republican danger,
1 have taken fiuc.h extraordinary
mealuresas 1 Hope will mtft your
appi obaiion. 1 will rally to your
- standard as much as pofTible the
jroops, and all good citizens to
counteract the designs of a traitor,
who has now thrown off the niatk.
1 dispatch to you ci' ip.en I ardie,
officer of enginry ; he has been wit
ness to all the intrigues ot Ijumoo
rier and. his little circle ; and ot :t!l
that horrid scene ot vi 1 lainy cI which
those he entertained about him were
capable. He will-let you into a lull ■
■ knowledge of all this dark hiftoiy.
It is my wiflt to save my country
.'I wait with impatience for your as
filtance and pro edtion. I oifer mv
felfbecaufe 1 fee no other general
that will come forward. When a
superior is appointed, who has his
country's falvaiion at heart, and the
independence ofthe republic, 1 will
obey his orders to the lalt extremi
ty."
Never was an age so fertile as the
present in chemical discoveries. Ac
cident some time ago proved, that
animal fuMances remaining a cer
tain time in the earth, instead ot be
ing; devoured according to the vul
gar notion by worms, were convert
ed inn a fubilance of exac'tly the
fame qualities with that called Sper
maceti. Experiments have been
•since made in imitation ot this pro
te/s of nature ; and various pans
of'the human and other bodies, de
posited a few months in the eqrth,
or in water, have been convened
into infiaipiiiable fubftauces, whicli
burn with a bright flame till they
totally coninmed. Ihe only
parts not thus convertible are the
earthy basis of the bones. And as
every thing infiamtnahle relolves it
felf in lis analvfis into different kinds
of air, the body of tnan therefore
will finally resolve itfelf into ethe
real fubltances. All dead bodies are
capable of being made into candles ;
and ihofe who have been tlriving
in vain.to give light during their
lives, will certainly have that capa
..city after they are (lead.
According to Lord Rawdon's af
fe<sting ftatenient in his new bill,
there are no less than 30,000 debtors,
1,300 wives, and 4,000 children dil
trelied by the prelent Laws ot Loan
and Credit.
The Navy Lift at present contains
the names ot 110 lels than 1400 lieu-
tenants
The following lingular remedy in
cases of Canine Madnels, we learn
by a letter from Jamaica, was late
)y pratflifed at Kingilon, with the
«lefired effect : A large Dog, who
had every lyiitprom ot madnefs,wfts
immei fed in fall water till nearly
dead. When taken out and rubbed
before a fire, it gradually recovered,
without the lead remains of its for
mer malady.
- Nfrtwii-hiianding the communiea
(ion from Kranceis much interrupt
t<d, we have received the following
le.:ei from Boulogne, which con
rains tvewi of great importance,
fhoti!d the event juftify the contents
of it.'
Bo.uj.or.N V, April 25.
« Twelve days ago two Knglifh
men embarked at this place for En
gland. This circumliance took
place at noun, and wiih uncommon
attention ton aids ituni on the part
of the .Municipality of the town.
/\n agent from the executive Cou
ncil, \»n« accompanied them fium
Paris, did not fail to excite ouf at
tention. The inhabitants in gene
ral expected tlieir bulinels was re
lating to the opening of the pafi'age
between England and France, which
hadbeen so lately fbut.
These two perlons arrived here
about fix davs before, accompanied
by t he agent above mentioned, whole
pafl'pot t laid he was charged tuuji a
mijfion. He brought alio
fiO'n the Executive Council to the
Mayor and Municipal officers, to
fend these foreigners to their own
country, with all proper attention.
This was 011 the point of being ful
filled, when a Comniiflioner ot the
Convention from Arras arrived in
the town, to whom the Mayor com
municated the affair. The Commif
mifHoner, not knowing their er
rand, and as the defection of Du
mouiler had jtilf taken place, he
fufperted the persons, and accord
ingly ordered them to be arretted,
and dispatched a courier to Paris,to
identify the paflport,anda boat was
kept readv, in cafe the letters of
the President of the Council were
confirmed. In this situation they re
mained fix days, when orders were
returned to fend t'hem so England,
arid these were confirmed by the
new committee of Public Safety,
confifling; of nine of the leading
'members df both parties in the Con
vention. The Mayor and Munici
pality accompanied them to the
(£uay, where they embarked for
England. Ihe objetft of their mil"
fion tin one could learn.
" Thjs circhmftance has of courte
c9ufed much (peculation, and the
general opinion is,they w ere chatg
e'(l with making; overtures for a
peace. The Government of France
having cleaily seen the deceptions
that had been palled upon it on'a
lormer occasion, dnd feeing that
the only prcfpect of quieting af
fairs at homie was by peace, has u
natiimbr.tly determined upon the
meafuie; In cunfcquence of whicfc,
letters' to this purpose, we tfndeV
llarid, have been written ; but ow
ing to the Alien Bill,and not know
ing what reception a Frenchman
would meet with in England, these
letters were thus forwarded to an
Agent of the Executive Council re
lident in London, to deiiver lo
Lord Grenville."
GEOGRAPHY OK THE WAR,
AT THE PRESLN'T MOMENT:
It may be fatisfaftory, perhaps,
to foine who are defiroos to form a
just idea ot the tranfatftions in the
present war between France and
the Allies, if we point out the dif
ferent fltuations of the armies op
posed to each other. First, the
Prince of Cobonrg, at the head of
the Austrian, Hanoverian, and Bi'i
ti(h troops in Flanders, 13 begging
the towns of Conde, Valenciennes,
&c. on the northern frontiers of
France. If we then carry our eve
alongthemap to the eallward for
2>o miles, welhall find the cities of
Mentz and Caflel, (which (land op
pofiie to each othei on the banks of
rhe Rhine) closely besieged by the
Prnlfian General Kalkreuth. At
tending the Rhine about fifty miles,
we come to Spires, where General
Wurinfer, at the head of 40,000
Germans, is preparing to lay siege
to Landau, a Wrench town in Alsace,
which Marihal Vnnban employed
all his (kill in rendering one of the
ttroiigeft fortrellesin Europe. Pro
ceeding about twenty miles to the
fomhward, we find Ctiftine with the
remains of his army, which tlie
Ki"£ of Prnfiia has driven from the
Electorate of Mentz, encamped un
der the walls of Weillenbourg, in
Alsace.
The celebrated invfcmor of the
terrible fire, known under the title
of Cailles, which did fiich surprising
execution at the late liege of Bel
grade. under Marechal Laudohn,
has been sent for expreis from Vi
enna, to affiil at the siege of Menrz.
T he allies, it has been rtated,are by
no meaijs agreed as to their object,
or the mode to attain it. 'f he ge
nerous valour of the Prince de Co
bourg, it was laid, refpefled an ene
454
mv, he had found brave beyond ex
pecta. 1011.
VI l»iit was even yer more motnen
tons ill.in this, it was aliened, upon
ue know not what authority, that
the BritiHi Cabinet was n»t indil
posed to negociate for a peace. To
(his idea, the vigorous preparations
at home, and the fubfi.fy to foreign
troops g|ve some contradiction ; not
TTTdeeJ i Surmountable tothofe who
recolltrt ishe Miniller's accuftonted
practice of armed negociations.
Mr.-Secretary Dundas's son, who
is jiow of age, is the political pupil
of Lord Auckland. He docs not
come into Parliament till the noble
Lord has pronounced his education
finijhed.
The Earl of Fife's fuccefiion to
the fortune of his kinfwoinan, Mrs.
Duff, is disputed by her nephew,
the foil of ihe late Admiral Duff.
The bsne of centemion is worth
jo.oool. of coilrfe it will afford pret
ty pickings for the lawyers.
Miss Scott, tjie wealthiest Heiress
in the kingdom, is, by an abfuid
C laufe in her father's Will, prohi
bited front marrjing-a Peer, or the
presumptive Heir of a Peer, under
the Penalty of forfeiting the greac
(Ell part of her fortune. This per
haps may be one reason why Mr.
Dundas has never counted on the ho
nors of the Upper House.
You,rg Oswald, the son and heir
to.the great fortune of, the Ameri
can Peacemaker, is lately married to
the beautiful and accompliflied Mis:
Lucy Johnson, of Edinburgh,
j Extract of a letter from Dundee, data
, April 21.
" I am just now. come from wir
n effing a molt ditit'trous and melan
choly scene. Above 150 persons
having this afternoon crowded 011
board a light lloop in this harbor,
at full tide, in order to view the
launching of a vellel from the dock
yard, unfortunately,froin the weight
of the perfonson the (hrouds, yards,
and declc, the (loop overset, and eve
ry person was thrown into the wa
ter. By the Angular exertions and
activity of the teamen (and huma
nity of others who ft ripped- and
fwarn in to save those unhappy per
sons) bqats were inttantly got close
to the wreck, and almost allot them
were picked up in less than a quar
ter of an hour. lam sorry to learn,
however, that about thirteen have
pevilhed by this fid catattrophe.—
The wild and helpless fci earns and
veils of parents and others, i.t qnett
of, and trembling for the fate ot
children and relations, may be much
easier imagined than described. A
mother saved with the lots of theiu
f;int in her arms, and children pre
ferred with the loss. of their keep
ers, formed altogether the molt
helpiefs and wretched piftnre 1 ever
beheld. It has indeed at present
spread a very dismal gloom over the
face of this place.
United States.
WINCHESTER (Vir.) June« 4.
On Thurftey the 23d t:k. Lome pcifor.s un
known, but believed 1 om a variety of circum
ftmtces to cr»ni;ft of from 3 to 6, fir. d upon thue
unarmed Indians, two Chickafaws and a Che
rokee, in ihe woods, about 600 .paces from Gov.
Blount's house, and.wo.undin tne Chick
a.aws ( John Mot-m) wijh which wound he died
on the 24 h, and was buried on the 25th.
The toitowiwg is Governor Bloum's order for
\ hie buTial:
"■John MorriS; the Chickafaw who was so
inhumanly murdereo on the 23d inlUnt, by the
bale hand of fame unknown ailailin,. to be bu
.ried thi&afternoon, at theufual bunai ground of
the white people, with the military honpisdue
to a warrior as hi* friendly* nation. TAe pio
ctfliou 10 com,meuce in the street near the'inaga
iinc, at four o'clock.
ORtiER OF PROCESSION.
,c Serjeant, corporal and twelve privates to
precede the corps.
. 41 The Governor and brother of the
as chief mourn- rs. ' |
" The Chlckaiaws, two ant! two.
" rhe civil and miliiary officers, two &. (wo.
" Private citizens, two and two." <
The tnnabitants ot Knoxville generally, and
many from the circumjaccnt coun;ry attended.,
and expjeffed great lorrow at the inhuman mur!
der ot this good and iriendlv voting Chickalaw
John Morris, and his brotnei Janus Andtr
<o„, who was wi:h Flamingo in Gen St. Clair's
army, arrived will, Gn«,dcy, the Hanging Maw,
and leveral other Cherokccs, at the Governors,
on Sunday the igth, and at the time they were
Sired upon, were in the woods, attending ,r,
Bfetrttuifes at grafs A between the Gwerm,:'.,
hou e a„d plantauon. in a bend of the rve,
Hulfton, whcie no armed ocifqn, could have
any bui.nefs except to injure such Indians.,
they might there find.
TV rrrpTratnrs of f<
fti.lr ihitc lti4i»ft l»oi tc« - * ih t v n«'
only louglic lonocetil blooVt but prupcuy not
then own.
N E W-Y O H K, June *7.
Extract*tf a Utter Jrcm Lcnticm, dated May 1, to
a merchant in this irtr.
" I find that the situation of things at home
as well as abroad has brought Mr. Pitt to fay
very nearly as much as that he will treat with
the convention, or tile inen of the day if'no
better can be done. He is so much
at the home situation, that be will make
rertns with France, and next packet will con
firm to you what I now write."
fOR THE GAZLFTE.
THE second and principal ofcjeftion to the
proclamation, namely, (hat it is iti'con
filtent with the treaties between the Unite J
St:'"es an.d France, will now be examined.
It has been already !lic\Vn, that it is nnt in
confident with the performance of any of the
stipulations in thole treaties, which would
not make ns an alTociate or party in the v at
and particularly that it is incompatible with
the privileges secured to Fiance by the fe
venteentb and twenty-second articlei of the
Treaty of Commerce ; which, except the
clau r <* of guarantee, comlitute the most ma
terial discriminations to be found in our trea
ties in favor of that country.
Official documents have likewise appeared
in the pnblic papers, which are understood to
be authentic, that serve as a comment upon
the lenfe of the proclamation in this part ci:-
lar, proving that it was nto deemed by the
executive incompatible with the performance
of the ftipnlatio'ns in tbofe articles, and that
in practice they are intended to be obiervec 1 .
It has however been admitted, that the
declaration of netit'rality excludes the idea of
an execution of the clause of guarantee.
It becomes neceHary therefore toexanrme,
whether the United States would have a va
lid juftificatien for no' complying with it, iii
ca'e of the , r being called upon for that pur
pore by France.
Without knowing bow far the reasons"
which have occurred to me, may have influ
enced the President, there appear to me to
exist very good and fubftantiaJ grnan'ds far A
refufal.
The alliance between the United States
and France is a d-Jevfive alliance. In the cap
tion of it it »s denominated a u treatv of al
liance eventual and dejenfive." In the body of
it. (article second) it is called adefenfive alliance.
The, words of that article are as follow 44 the
efTential and dire<sl end of the present dcfcvfve
'affiance is to maintain eife&uajly the liberty,
sovereignty and independence absolute and
unlimited of the United States, as wdlfin
mat te v r «t r •?» <*-ef com me r ce.''
The predominant quality or character then
of our alliance wi:h France is, t'.<at it h'de
ftnfive in its principle, of course the meaning
obligation and force of every stipulation in
the treaty must he tested and determined by
that principle. It j's not necetfary (and would
be abTurd) that it lhould be repeated in every
article. 11 is fufHcienc that it be once de
clared, to big undferftood in every part of the
treaty, unless coup'ed with express negative
words excluding the implication.
The great queflion consequently :s—what
are the. nature and eueft of a defenfive alli
ance ? When does the cafus fcdeer is, or cords/ion
of the contra# take place, in such an alliance?
Reason, the concurring opinions of writers,
and the practice of nations will answer
u when either of the allies i* attacked, when
war is made upon him, not when he makes
war upon another In other words, the ft -
pulated afHUance is to be given to the ally
when engaged in a defcnficc, not when enga
ge/J in an o]f:nf,ve war. This obligation to
allift only in a defenfive war, the
eilential difference between a defenfive allir
ance and one which is both ofifcnfive and dr.
fenliye. In the latter cafe there is an obli
gation to co operate as well when the war on
the part of our ally is offenfive, as when.it is
defenfive. To affirm therefore, that the
United States are bound to allift France in
the war in which Ihe is at preient engaged,
would be to convert our treary with, her into
an alliance offenfive and defenfive, contrary
to the express and reiterated declarations of
the instrument itfelf.
This afljertion implies, that the war in
question is an ojfcnjivc war on the part of
France.
And To it undoubtedly is with regard to all
the powers with whom fl?e was. at war at the
tir.se ofifiuing the proclamation.
No portion is betrer eftablilhed, than that
the power which firjl declares, or ail tally begins
a War, whatever may have been the caul'es
leading to it, is that which makes an ojfcnjive
war. Nor is there any doubt that France
nrft declared and began the war, against Au
stria, Prussia, Savoy, Holland, England and
Spain.
Upon this point there is apt to be some in
corre&nefs of ideas. Thjofe who have not
examined fubjefts of such a nature, are led to
imagine that the party which commits the
firft injury, or gives the firft provocation, is
0:1 the offenfive fide in the war, though begun
by the other party.
But the cause or the occasion of the war,
and the war itielf, are things entirely diftinA.
Tis the commencement of the war itfelf,
that decries the question of being an the of
fenli ve or deienfive. Ail writers on the laws
ot nations agree in this principle, but it is
more accurately laid down in the following
extra<st f 0111 Burlcmaqui*
44 Ne:ther are we to believe (fays he) that
he rtho faji injures another, begins by tb?t
an war, and that the other uho dt•