For the GAZETTE of the UNITED STATES. THOUGHTS ON THE STATE OF AMERICAN INDIANS. (Continued Iron No. 7%, of this Gazette.) No. hi. ANOTHER caDfe which l»a» re tarded Ihe progress of focipty and manners among the Indiafis, a - rises from the diminution of their numbers. Whatever has contribut ««l in any degree 10 this efteii, has an indirect influence in preventing their improvement—These inciden tal causes are derived from the de cay of the sources of subsistence— the multiplication of wars—the use of spirituous liquors, and the intro duction of new diseases. The ordi nary employments of a people 111 uft be overltocked, before they will turn their attention to other spe cies of industry—and the common sources of subsistence must be ex handed, before they will seek to procure other means of support. The prefling calls of hunger only can excite a spirit of enterprize and innovation among a people natural ly ignorant, and averse from ?iny kind of employment that requires much labor and confinement. A nation of hunters, in the ordi nary progress of society, must be come too numerous to subsist upon the ordinary product of the chafe, before they will become shepherds, or seek subsistence from the foil— These different ltages in society na tnrally succeed in «rder, as popula tion increases and a. larger fund of provision become* requisite—The fame extent of country which is ne cefTary to support a few hnnters,will maintain a larger proportion of shep herds, and a (till greater number of huibandmen. The increase of the human spe cies is, in all ordinary cases, in pro portion to the means of subsistence. A favorable climate, a fertile foil, easy means of procuring food, pro vision for the aged and infirm, and finiplicity of talle and manners, en courage marriage, and rapidly ac celerate the multiplication of man kind—The fame causes produce the fame effecft in the civil and savage date—ln proportion as these ope rate, they multiply andprogiefs to wards civilization. The liiftory of the population of Egypt, of India, of China, of Greece, of Rome, and particularly qf all new-fetiled coun tries ill uft rate and confirm these re marks. Hunting and fifhing are the prin cipal sources of support among . sa vage nations—the latter affords a more easy, certain and plentiful Alp ply than the former—lt is on this account, that in all new countries the coasts and branches of large ri vers are stored with inhabitants— Illands for the fame reason are more populous in proportion to their ex tent, than countries of the fame di mensions on the continent. At the time of the discovery of this coun try, the natives drew their support principally from these two sources —The whole coast and the banks of rivets were then peopled—and the remaining monuments of their towns, and the rude instruments of art which are daily difcovered,prove that their numbers were very con siderable—The frequent emigrati ons and rapid increase of the whites, soon disturbed the fettlemenrs of the natives, and finally removed them from the coast.—Thus the geoeral settlement of this country utterly cut off one source of the Indians'fup port ; and the growing improve ment and cultivation of the coun try, have ever since been diminish ing and impoverishing the other— To these we may add the influence of a more unfavorable climate, in increasing the neceflity of further and more difficult precautions to de fend themfeNes againfl the incle mency ofthe feafons--in augmenting the neceflity of a larger support while at the fame time it diminishes the fonrres of supply, by lessening the number, size- and nutritive vir tue of the animals which furnifh it —and by rendering it more difficult to procure them. It is unneceflary to enter into a detail oftheinnuraerable evils which have resulted from the diminution of thofjs fourccs from wliicji they formerly must have derived an easy and abundant fubfillence. The increased difficulty and un certainty of procuring food, null neceflarily render them averie from the incumbrance of a family—mar riage becomes lets desirable, and children become a burden rather than an ornament and blcfling — tbe quality of their food is inipo verilfjcd—is less favorable to propa gation, and yields less nutriment to the offspring. A scarcity of gamp also expoles them to the miseries of famine, and unfavorable seasons fubjetft them to numberless evils and inconvenienc es which they cannot forefee, and against which they are unable to provide—The necessity of spending more time in the chafe than when game was more plenty, gives an un favorable complexion to their man ners —renders them more ferocious —less susceptible of the feelings of humanity, and more infenlible to the allurements of civilized life. Morse's Geography, Revised, corrclted, and grimly enlarged, with many additional Maps, well engraved. In a tew weeks will be published. B* THOMAS and ANDREWS, Fault's Stalue, No. 45, Newbury-Street, Boston, In t wo Volumes, large Odavo. ANEW Edition of the AMERICAN GEOGRAPHY: Being the largest and the btft system of Geography eves pub liftied : Or a complete GEOGRAPHY of the WORLD, brought down to the present time. IN TWO PARTS. The General Contents are— PART 1.-Ot AQronomy,asconne6ted with, and introductory to the science of Geography : under this head will be given an account of the leveral agronomical systems of the Werld, and a particular defcriytion of the true one. A table of the diameters, periods, See. of the several Planets in the solar system—an account of the Comets and fixed stars. Of Geography—its use and progress— figure, magnitude and motion of the Earth— Doftrine'of the Sphere— Geographical circles— Divisions of the Earth into zones and climates —methods of finding the latitude and longitude of places from celestial observations—Globes, and (heir use—with a number of the mod ufe ful and entertaining Geographical Problems and Theorems—Maps, and their use—sources of heat and cold—theory of the winds and tides —length of miles in different countries—natural divisions of the Earth—accounl of the Gregorian or new stile, &c. America —Its discovery by Columbus-— general description of the Continent, in which is a lengthy difcuflion of the question, When, whence, and by whom, was America firft peo pled ? With a long and entertaining account of the Indians,and the late discoveries on the north west coast, Sez.—North America—chrono logical account of its discovery and fcttlements, its divisions — Danxsh America, British America, United States of America— general description of them, including a history of the late war, and many other ufeful and en. tertaining matters. South Amer i ca—its di visions, particular description of its several pro vinces and countiics. West India Islands, Sec This part of the work will be illustrated by Djaps of the countries described, from the correfteft copies. PART ll,— Containing every thing eflential which is contained in the bed and latclt quarto edition of Guthrie's and other Britilh Geogra phies, with fele&ions from celebrated naviga toTS, travellers and Tefpe&able authors of other nations, Sec. Of Europe in general—its grand divisions, particular geographical descriptions of its seve ral Kingdoms and Republics, See. Of Asia — its situation, boundaries, general history, parti cular descriptions of its several divisions, See. Of Africa—its general history, boundaries, grand divisions, Sec. Also, new discoveries, Terra Incognita, Geographical Table, alphabe tically arranged—Chronological Table of re markable events, discoveries and inventions, lift of men of learning and genius, with other ufelul miscellany. %* This part will also be illustrated with maps of ihe countries described. TO THE PUBLIC THE Authoi is sensible that the filft edition of his American Geography (which makes Part I. of the above work) was in many instances de leflive, in others erroneous, and in some often-* five. It has been his endeavour, as it was his desire, in the present edition, to lupplv the defi ciencies, correct the errors, and meliorate the offenfive parts of the last. To aflift him in this butinefs, he has received many valuable commu nications from the heads of department in the general government, and from gentlemen of re fpeftability in the several states. The descrip tion of foreign countiies (which cornpofes Part 11. of the above work) has been carefully, com piled from the mod approved writers on Geo graphy, and ufelul information introduced from the discoveries of the latest Navigators, Travel lers, and relpe&able authors. Indeed, no pains nor expenfc have been spared to render this work the mod complete, accurate, and ufeful of any ever offered to the public. TICKETS In the FEDERAL CITT LOTTERY, May be had at SAMUEL COOPER'S Terry. 364 BANK OF THE UNITEDSTATES. R ISO L V EC, THAT any person residing to furape, who shall authorize the Freftdent, Dirc£ors and Company of the Bank. ol the United States, to receive annuities, or Interest ariDng from the public debt of the United States of America, (hall from time to time h«ive authority to draw on the said Frcftcjent, Dire&ors and Company, to the amount of the monies by them received, which drafts (hall be paid without dedu&ion and tree of expence—Or, The Prcfident, Directors and Company, if re quested, will remit the monies \ y them received to any part of Europe, free of ex pence and with out deduction, in Bills of Exchange at their cur rent value, and at therifkot the peifonto whom the fame shall be remitted. By the J*rcfident and Directors, ow JOHN KEAX. Cafhicr, City of Walhington. January 7111, 1793. A NUMBER of Lots in this Ciiy will be of fered lor sale at ati&ion, by the Commif fiouers, on the 17th day of September next. — One fourth part of the purchase money is to be paid down, the refidueat three equal annual pay ments with yearly interefton the whole princi pal unpaid. JOHN M. GANTT, Clerk to the Com'rs. Extrafct of an A£l of the General Aflembly of Maryland, concerning the Territory of Co lumbia, and the City of Walhington. M Be it enaftcd, That any foreigner may by deed or wifl t hereafter to be made. take and hold lands withrn that part 0} the jaid Territory which ties with in this State, in the fame manner as if he was a citi zen of this State ; and the fame lands may be con veyed by him t and transmitted to and be inherited by his heirs or relations, as if he and they were citizcns of th?) State : Provided, That no foreigner f/iall, in virtue hereof\ be entitled to any further or other privilege of a citizen J™- '9' District of Pennsylvania, to wit. T> E IT REMEMBERED, That on (Seal, j 13 the thirteenth day of March, in / the seventeenth year of the Indepen dence of the United States of America, Thomas Dobson, of the said DistriCt, hath dr. pofitcd in tins Office, the Title of a Book, the Right whereof he claims as Proprietor, in the words following, to wit. 11 An Enquiry how Jar the Punishment of Death lt is necejfary in Pennsylvania. With Notes and *' Illujlrations. By William Bradford, Esq. « To which is added, an Account of the Gaol and " Penitentiary House of Philadelphia, and of the " interior Management thereof. By Caleb «• Lownes, 0/ Philadelphia\ If zOe enquire " into the Causes of oil human Corruptions, we " /hallfind that they proceed from the Impunity " of Crimes, and not from the Moderation of Pu •• r.ifhments." Montefq. In conformity to the Att of the Congress of the United States, intituled, 41 An Ast for, the Encouragement of Learning, by securing the Copies of Maps, Charts and Books, to the Au thors and Proprietors of such Copies, dining the Times therein mentioned." SAMUEL CALDWELL, "Clerk of the Dlfirift of Pennsylvania, (£3T The above work is fold in Charlejlon by William Price Young : Richmond, by Archibald Currie : Baltimore, by James Rice : New-York, by Thomas Allen : Boftov y by David Weft. Vinall's Arithmetic. THE Second Edition of this work, with im provements, will speedily be put to J?vfs. The rapid sale of the firft edition*, greatly be yond the author's most sanguine cxpc&ations, encourages him to print a second edition. He intends to have it printed upon much better pa per than the former, and with a Dew type. Those Booksellers who wifli to take a num. ber of copies in (beets, are rcquefted- to apply to the author for particulars. * 1000 Copies At a meeting of the School Committee February s ih, 1793. The Committee, appointed to examine " The Preceptor's Afliftanr, or Student's Guide," being a systematical treatise of Arithmetic, by John Vinall, teacher of the Mathematics Se Writ ing, in Bolfon, reported, that they have attended that service, and are of opinion, that the work is executed with judgment, and is as well calcu lated for the use of schools, counting houses, and private families, as any of the fame compass that has hitherto been offered to the public. Voted, That the above report be accepted, and that Mr. Vinall be furniQied with a copy of it, whenever he (hall desire it. Copy of the Records. Attest, CHARLES BULFINCH, Sec'ry. The following character of the above work, is given in the Review of the Majachvfetts Ma- for Jan. 1793 : i 4 This is a very ufeful work, and is no ill proof of ihejudsment and industry of the author. The rules are laid down with propriety, and the examples annexed are fufticient for their il lustration. One part of the work deserves par ticular commendation. We mean that which the author stiles " Mercantile , Arithmetic " It occupies a considerable portion of his book, but not more than its importance will jufiify. We would recomroend to the young Arithmetician to pay a particular attention to this branch. He will find its principles well explained. And (hould he make himfelf matter of them, be will always have rea<on to acknowledge bis obliga tion to the judicious and laborious author. We cannot but congratulate the rising generation on account of the many ufeful produflions which have lately appeared; and in which their im provement has been principally consulted.— Among those pioduQions we mnll place this treatise of Arithmetic. We (hould be wanting in jufhee to the author, should we not acknow ledge,that his work is in reality that which its title imports—The Preciptoh'sAssistant. or Student's Guide," Bojlon, Feb. 13, S3* Want ( i to cmpfeatjilts oj this Gazette xum fert jgand 80—Six pence each will so f a i4 ty the taitorjor a few &f Oioje numbers. JSJOT'C? iA m ? nc " 'ppointed bv il, c [, " Traftee. of the V nntr f ny cf will attend * the tow,, of WUft ££f' r "V 1 ' l S th >nll MHK d,„ Aoril purppfe of rece,v, B? propoUl^ (r„ m ± * Tons " »*r be . to Bna, rljke ingi of the Univrrfitv. "Nitj. FREDERICK H ARGETT^/^..^^^ n,r "\ ?ILrMM 'iS*TOV»r Mathew Carey Refpcftruliy u.fwn,, t J, r <r <t!fc , , { S> al „. t hl ttK,M if , forh .r'^ edition ot Guthrie's Geography improved ' Arc now engraving.—and a. soon , fußti number nt them are finiftrcd, tn r, retc , HarfyppW during the public.,, M , wll £ w, probably be early S f ,h f , , W » 0 J will be put to prefj * He rrturm hij acknov.ltd^ mrotJto refpettable number of Sul.taibai, »h 0 », come forward ihus early to p,, ro „ U( . , hu ,T° ous undertaking. Heaflur e .,|, c „ lie in general, that no pain, or nwnk I pared in the execution of the work. Term of the H'crh: i. IT (ballbr publilhed in 48 weekly number each containing three (hccu, or iwcmv-W pages, ot letter, profs, in quarto, printed with new types on fine papei. 11. In the courfeof the will be deliver ed about thirty large maps, of the fame fat* those in the European editions, viz. motto! them sheet maps on post paper. 83" Bcfidtt the mapt in the Rrittjh iditim, Hat work will contain nine or ten jmcriun title M/fi. 111. The price of each number writ , quarter dollar, (o be paid oil delivery. A r « advance required. IV. Sublcriberj who difapprone o! (he w BT V, on the publication of the three firft nuir>be. ( , iw to be at liberty to return them, and Ihali !ia« their money repaid. V. The fubferibers' names shall be prefix as patrons of the undertaking. *»* Subscriptions received in Philadelphiabv the intended publilher; in New-York, by all the booklellers; in New-Haven, by Mi. Brm; in Hartford, by Mr. Patten; in Boston, by Mtfl. Thomas & Andrews, and by Mr. Well; in Bjl. timore, by Mr. Rice; in Richmond, by Mr. J. Carey ; in Charleston, by Mr. VV. P. Younj and by sundry other peifons throughout ih Uniied States. (lawif) An Ordinance for securing tht pHnttuai Payment of the Monies due or. thi Su§fcriptions to the Society for tjla• blijbing Ufeful Manufactures. WHEREAS doubt) have heretofore arifca with regard to the power of the Society to annex any penalties to the non-payment oi th» instalments, agreeably to the terms of the fob fcriptions. And whereas the Legislature at thei* lafl feflions, pasTed a supplement to the original law of incorporation, removing the said doubts, and fully authorizing the Diteftors tap*b any ordinance they may think proper, to copipel the pun&ual payment of the said ftibfeTipiionj. Sec. i. Be it ordained, there (die. bi the Governor and Direflors of the Society for ejlablijhing (Jffjul ManufaflvreSiThai if any fubferiber orbisafngw. shall negle&to pay the second paynvnt of hi#, her, or their refpeflive fubferiptions, togethel with the lawful interest arising thereon, either to the cashier of the United States Bank Office oi Discount and Dcpoftt, at New-York,the cafliiet of the Bank of \ew-York, thecalhierof the Bank of the United States, in Philadelphia, ol John Bayard, Esq. in the city of New-BrunG wick* in the state of New-Jerley, on or bcion the thirteenth day of April next : That then and in that c?fe, all and every (hare orfharej of such person or persons so neglecting to make such psy ments as aforefaid, and the monies by them pie viouflv paid, (hall be forfeited, and forever there after veftcd in the said Dire#or.«, and their suc cessors, for the common benefit of the said So ciety. Sec. 2. And be it further or datnedby thtauthont) aforefaid, That if any fublcribef, orhisalfigni shall neglect to-pay the third payment ofhia,bei or their refpe&ive fubferiptions, together wit the lawful interest arising thereon, on or brfon the thirteenth day of May next. That then an' in that all and every (hare or shares ot fucf person or persons so neglctting to make luc! payments as aforefaid, and the monies by theiT previojifly paid, (ball be forfeited, and foreve thereafter veiled in the said Di'«ftors, and then fuccefTors, for the commou benefit of the lai< Society. Sec. 3. And be it further ordained by the author aforefaid, That if any iubfenber, or his afligni (hall neglect to pay the fourth payment ot bu her, or their refpetlive fubferiptions,on or befo r the thirteennth day ot Ju)y nrxt, that then an 1 that cafe, all and every share or shares of luc person or peifons, so negle£l»oj to make (uc payments as aforefaid, and the monies by then previously paid, shall be forfeited, and lortvt thereafter vefled in the said Directors. and t eI successors, for the common benefit of the WV Society. NICHOLAS LOW, Governor. Puffed at New-Ark, 20th February, 1793* (Couutcrfigned) ELISHA BOUDINO » Secretary pro tempore. BE IT KNOWN, that the proportion of fy cie which may be paid on the ments'of every original share, byfuchbtoc holders as prefer paying a moiety of fiia aTI in fpecic, in lieu of deferred debfj * sas^°^ On (he 13th of April, >793, With >»- tereft from 13th July, I 79 2 ' On the 13th of May, * 793» in ' tereft from 13th January, 1793. 7 On the 13th of July, .1793, : Stockholders in the (aid Society arc notified, that I, the fiibfcriber, am duly au rized to make the requisite inHnrferoef" JP the certificates of (hares which they may r f P tively hold, and that books of transfer arc op ed at my office, in New- • X NICHOLAS LOJ. jiwrip- I. C. A. A. A. S. February 21, 1 7 6 <
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