For the GAZETTE of the UNITED STATES.
THOUGHTS ON THE
STATE OF AMERICAN INDIANS.
(Continued Iron No. 7%, of this Gazette.)
No. hi.
ANOTHER caDfe which l»a» re
tarded Ihe progress of focipty
and manners among the Indiafis, a -
rises from the diminution of their
numbers. Whatever has contribut
««l in any degree 10 this efteii, has
an indirect influence in preventing
their improvement—These inciden
tal causes are derived from the de
cay of the sources of subsistence—
the multiplication of wars—the use
of spirituous liquors, and the intro
duction of new diseases. The ordi
nary employments of a people 111 uft
be overltocked, before they will
turn their attention to other spe
cies of industry—and the common
sources of subsistence must be ex
handed, before they will seek to
procure other means of support.
The prefling calls of hunger only
can excite a spirit of enterprize and
innovation among a people natural
ly ignorant, and averse from ?iny
kind of employment that requires
much labor and confinement.
A nation of hunters, in the ordi
nary progress of society, must be
come too numerous to subsist upon
the ordinary product of the chafe,
before they will become shepherds,
or seek subsistence from the foil—
These different ltages in society na
tnrally succeed in «rder, as popula
tion increases and a. larger fund of
provision become* requisite—The
fame extent of country which is ne
cefTary to support a few hnnters,will
maintain a larger proportion of shep
herds, and a (till greater number of
huibandmen.
The increase of the human spe
cies is, in all ordinary cases, in pro
portion to the means of subsistence.
A favorable climate, a fertile foil,
easy means of procuring food, pro
vision for the aged and infirm, and
finiplicity of talle and manners, en
courage marriage, and rapidly ac
celerate the multiplication of man
kind—The fame causes produce the
fame effecft in the civil and savage
date—ln proportion as these ope
rate, they multiply andprogiefs to
wards civilization. The liiftory of
the population of Egypt, of India,
of China, of Greece, of Rome, and
particularly qf all new-fetiled coun
tries ill uft rate and confirm these re
marks.
Hunting and fifhing are the prin
cipal sources of support among . sa
vage nations—the latter affords a
more easy, certain and plentiful Alp
ply than the former—lt is on this
account, that in all new countries
the coasts and branches of large ri
vers are stored with inhabitants—
Illands for the fame reason are more
populous in proportion to their ex
tent, than countries of the fame di
mensions on the continent. At the
time of the discovery of this coun
try, the natives drew their support
principally from these two sources
—The whole coast and the banks of
rivets were then peopled—and the
remaining monuments of their
towns, and the rude instruments of
art which are daily difcovered,prove
that their numbers were very con
siderable—The frequent emigrati
ons and rapid increase of the whites,
soon disturbed the fettlemenrs of the
natives, and finally removed them
from the coast.—Thus the geoeral
settlement of this country utterly
cut off one source of the Indians'fup
port ; and the growing improve
ment and cultivation of the coun
try, have ever since been diminish
ing and impoverishing the other—
To these we may add the influence
of a more unfavorable climate, in
increasing the neceflity of further
and more difficult precautions to de
fend themfeNes againfl the incle
mency ofthe feafons--in augmenting
the neceflity of a larger support
while at the fame time it diminishes
the fonrres of supply, by lessening
the number, size- and nutritive vir
tue of the animals which furnifh it
—and by rendering it more difficult
to procure them.
It is unneceflary to enter into a
detail oftheinnuraerable evils which
have resulted from the diminution
of thofjs fourccs from wliicji they
formerly must have derived an easy
and abundant fubfillence.
The increased difficulty and un
certainty of procuring food, null
neceflarily render them averie from
the incumbrance of a family—mar
riage becomes lets desirable, and
children become a burden rather
than an ornament and blcfling —
tbe quality of their food is inipo
verilfjcd—is less favorable to propa
gation, and yields less nutriment to
the offspring.
A scarcity of gamp also expoles
them to the miseries of famine, and
unfavorable seasons fubjetft them to
numberless evils and inconvenienc
es which they cannot forefee, and
against which they are unable to
provide—The necessity of spending
more time in the chafe than when
game was more plenty, gives an un
favorable complexion to their man
ners —renders them more ferocious
—less susceptible of the feelings of
humanity, and more infenlible to
the allurements of civilized life.
Morse's Geography,
Revised, corrclted, and grimly enlarged, with many
additional Maps, well engraved.
In a tew weeks will be published.
B* THOMAS and ANDREWS, Fault's Stalue,
No. 45, Newbury-Street, Boston,
In t wo Volumes, large Odavo.
ANEW Edition of the AMERICAN
GEOGRAPHY: Being the largest
and the btft system of Geography eves pub
liftied : Or a complete GEOGRAPHY of the
WORLD, brought down to the present time.
IN TWO PARTS.
The General Contents are—
PART 1.-Ot AQronomy,asconne6ted with,
and introductory to the science of Geography :
under this head will be given an account of the
leveral agronomical systems of the Werld, and
a particular defcriytion of the true one. A table
of the diameters, periods, See. of the several
Planets in the solar system—an account of the
Comets and fixed stars.
Of Geography—its use and progress—
figure, magnitude and motion of the Earth—
Doftrine'of the Sphere— Geographical circles—
Divisions of the Earth into zones and climates
—methods of finding the latitude and longitude
of places from celestial observations—Globes,
and (heir use—with a number of the mod ufe
ful and entertaining Geographical Problems and
Theorems—Maps, and their use—sources of heat
and cold—theory of the winds and tides —length
of miles in different countries—natural divisions
of the Earth—accounl of the Gregorian or new
stile, &c.
America —Its discovery by Columbus-—
general description of the Continent, in which is
a lengthy difcuflion of the question, When,
whence, and by whom, was America firft peo
pled ? With a long and entertaining account of
the Indians,and the late discoveries on the north
west coast, Sez.—North America—chrono
logical account of its discovery and fcttlements,
its divisions — Danxsh America, British
America, United States of America—
general description of them, including a history
of the late war, and many other ufeful and en.
tertaining matters. South Amer i ca—its di
visions, particular description of its several pro
vinces and countiics. West India Islands,
Sec
This part of the work will be illustrated
by Djaps of the countries described, from the
correfteft copies.
PART ll,— Containing every thing eflential
which is contained in the bed and latclt quarto
edition of Guthrie's and other Britilh Geogra
phies, with fele&ions from celebrated naviga
toTS, travellers and Tefpe&able authors of other
nations, Sec.
Of Europe in general—its grand divisions,
particular geographical descriptions of its seve
ral Kingdoms and Republics, See. Of Asia —
its situation, boundaries, general history, parti
cular descriptions of its several divisions, See.
Of Africa—its general history, boundaries,
grand divisions, Sec. Also, new discoveries,
Terra Incognita, Geographical Table, alphabe
tically arranged—Chronological Table of re
markable events, discoveries and inventions, lift
of men of learning and genius, with other ufelul
miscellany.
%* This part will also be illustrated with
maps of ihe countries described.
TO THE PUBLIC
THE Authoi is sensible that the filft edition
of his American Geography (which makes Part
I. of the above work) was in many instances de
leflive, in others erroneous, and in some often-*
five. It has been his endeavour, as it was his
desire, in the present edition, to lupplv the defi
ciencies, correct the errors, and meliorate the
offenfive parts of the last. To aflift him in this
butinefs, he has received many valuable commu
nications from the heads of department in the
general government, and from gentlemen of re
fpeftability in the several states. The descrip
tion of foreign countiies (which cornpofes Part
11. of the above work) has been carefully, com
piled from the mod approved writers on Geo
graphy, and ufelul information introduced from
the discoveries of the latest Navigators, Travel
lers, and relpe&able authors. Indeed, no pains
nor expenfc have been spared to render this work
the mod complete, accurate, and ufeful of any
ever offered to the public.
TICKETS
In the FEDERAL CITT LOTTERY,
May be had at SAMUEL COOPER'S Terry.
364
BANK OF THE UNITEDSTATES.
R ISO L V EC,
THAT any person residing to furape, who
shall authorize the Freftdent, Dirc£ors and
Company of the Bank. ol the United States, to
receive annuities, or Interest ariDng from the
public debt of the United States of America,
(hall from time to time h«ive authority to draw
on the said Frcftcjent, Dire&ors and Company,
to the amount of the monies by them received,
which drafts (hall be paid without dedu&ion
and tree of expence—Or,
The Prcfident, Directors and Company, if re
quested, will remit the monies \ y them received
to any part of Europe, free of ex pence and with
out deduction, in Bills of Exchange at their cur
rent value, and at therifkot the peifonto whom
the fame shall be remitted.
By the J*rcfident and Directors,
ow JOHN KEAX. Cafhicr,
City of Walhington.
January 7111, 1793.
A NUMBER of Lots in this Ciiy will be of
fered lor sale at ati&ion, by the Commif
fiouers, on the 17th day of September next. —
One fourth part of the purchase money is to be
paid down, the refidueat three equal annual pay
ments with yearly interefton the whole princi
pal unpaid.
JOHN M. GANTT, Clerk to the Com'rs.
Extrafct of an A£l of the General Aflembly of
Maryland, concerning the Territory of Co
lumbia, and the City of Walhington.
M Be it enaftcd, That any foreigner may by
deed or wifl t hereafter to be made. take and hold lands
withrn that part 0} the jaid Territory which ties with
in this State, in the fame manner as if he was a citi
zen of this State ; and the fame lands may be con
veyed by him t and transmitted to and be inherited by
his heirs or relations, as if he and they were citizcns
of th?) State : Provided, That no foreigner f/iall,
in virtue hereof\ be entitled to any further or other
privilege of a citizen
J™- '9'
District of Pennsylvania, to wit.
T> E IT REMEMBERED, That on
(Seal, j 13 the thirteenth day of March, in
/ the seventeenth year of the Indepen
dence of the United States of America,
Thomas Dobson, of the said DistriCt, hath dr.
pofitcd in tins Office, the Title of a Book, the
Right whereof he claims as Proprietor, in the
words following, to wit.
11 An Enquiry how Jar the Punishment of Death
lt is necejfary in Pennsylvania. With Notes and
*' Illujlrations. By William Bradford, Esq.
« To which is added, an Account of the Gaol and
" Penitentiary House of Philadelphia, and of the
" interior Management thereof. By Caleb
«• Lownes, 0/ Philadelphia\ If zOe enquire
" into the Causes of oil human Corruptions, we
" /hallfind that they proceed from the Impunity
" of Crimes, and not from the Moderation of Pu
•• r.ifhments." Montefq.
In conformity to the Att of the Congress of
the United States, intituled, 41 An Ast for, the
Encouragement of Learning, by securing the
Copies of Maps, Charts and Books, to the Au
thors and Proprietors of such Copies, dining the
Times therein mentioned."
SAMUEL CALDWELL,
"Clerk of the Dlfirift of Pennsylvania,
(£3T The above work is fold in Charlejlon by
William Price Young : Richmond, by Archibald
Currie : Baltimore, by James Rice : New-York,
by Thomas Allen : Boftov y by David Weft.
Vinall's Arithmetic.
THE Second Edition of this work, with im
provements, will speedily be put to J?vfs.
The rapid sale of the firft edition*, greatly be
yond the author's most sanguine cxpc&ations,
encourages him to print a second edition. He
intends to have it printed upon much better pa
per than the former, and with a Dew type.
Those Booksellers who wifli to take a num.
ber of copies in (beets, are rcquefted- to apply to
the author for particulars.
* 1000 Copies
At a meeting of the School Committee
February s ih, 1793.
The Committee, appointed to examine " The
Preceptor's Afliftanr, or Student's Guide," being
a systematical treatise of Arithmetic, by John
Vinall, teacher of the Mathematics Se Writ
ing, in Bolfon, reported, that they have attended
that service, and are of opinion, that the work
is executed with judgment, and is as well calcu
lated for the use of schools, counting houses, and
private families, as any of the fame compass
that has hitherto been offered to the public.
Voted, That the above report be accepted,
and that Mr. Vinall be furniQied with a copy
of it, whenever he (hall desire it.
Copy of the Records. Attest,
CHARLES BULFINCH, Sec'ry.
The following character of the above work,
is given in the Review of the Majachvfetts Ma-
for Jan. 1793 :
i 4 This is a very ufeful work, and is no ill
proof of ihejudsment and industry of the author.
The rules are laid down with propriety, and
the examples annexed are fufticient for their il
lustration. One part of the work deserves par
ticular commendation. We mean that which
the author stiles " Mercantile , Arithmetic " It
occupies a considerable portion of his book, but
not more than its importance will jufiify. We
would recomroend to the young Arithmetician
to pay a particular attention to this branch.
He will find its principles well explained. And
(hould he make himfelf matter of them, be will
always have rea<on to acknowledge bis obliga
tion to the judicious and laborious author. We
cannot but congratulate the rising generation on
account of the many ufeful produflions which
have lately appeared; and in which their im
provement has been principally consulted.—
Among those pioduQions we mnll place this
treatise of Arithmetic. We (hould be wanting
in jufhee to the author, should we not acknow
ledge,that his work is in reality that which its
title imports—The Preciptoh'sAssistant.
or Student's Guide,"
Bojlon, Feb. 13,
S3* Want ( i to cmpfeatjilts oj this Gazette xum
fert jgand 80—Six pence each will so f a i4 ty the
taitorjor a few &f Oioje numbers.
JSJOT'C?
iA m ? nc " 'ppointed bv il, c [, "
Traftee. of the V nntr f ny cf
will attend * the tow,, of WUft ££f' r "V
1 ' l S th >nll MHK d,„ Aoril
purppfe of rece,v, B? propoUl^ (r„ m ± *
Tons " »*r be . to Bna, rljke
ingi of the Univrrfitv. "Nitj.
FREDERICK H ARGETT^/^..^^^
n,r "\ ?ILrMM 'iS*TOV»r
Mathew Carey
Refpcftruliy u.fwn,, t J, r <r <t!fc , , {
S> al „. t hl ttK,M if , forh .r'^
edition ot
Guthrie's Geography
improved '
Arc now engraving.—and a. soon , fußti
number nt them are finiftrcd, tn r, retc ,
HarfyppW during the public.,, M , wll £
w, probably be early S f ,h f , , W » 0 J
will be put to prefj *
He rrturm hij acknov.ltd^ mrotJto
refpettable number of Sul.taibai, »h 0 »,
come forward ihus early to p,, ro „ U( . , hu ,T°
ous undertaking. Heaflur e .,|, c „
lie in general, that no pain, or nwnk
I pared in the execution of the work.
Term of the H'crh:
i. IT (ballbr publilhed in 48 weekly number
each containing three (hccu, or iwcmv-W
pages, ot letter, profs, in quarto, printed with
new types on fine papei.
11. In the courfeof the will be deliver
ed about thirty large maps, of the fame fat*
those in the European editions, viz. motto! them
sheet maps on post paper.
83" Bcfidtt the mapt in the Rrittjh iditim, Hat
work will contain nine or ten jmcriun title M/fi.
111. The price of each number writ ,
quarter dollar, (o be paid oil delivery.
A r « advance required.
IV. Sublcriberj who difapprone o! (he w BT V,
on the publication of the three firft nuir>be. ( , iw
to be at liberty to return them, and Ihali !ia«
their money repaid.
V. The fubferibers' names shall be prefix
as patrons of the undertaking.
*»* Subscriptions received in Philadelphiabv
the intended publilher; in New-York, by all
the booklellers; in New-Haven, by Mi. Brm;
in Hartford, by Mr. Patten; in Boston, by Mtfl.
Thomas & Andrews, and by Mr. Well; in Bjl.
timore, by Mr. Rice; in Richmond, by Mr.
J. Carey ; in Charleston, by Mr. VV. P. Younj
and by sundry other peifons throughout ih
Uniied States. (lawif)
An Ordinance for securing tht pHnttuai
Payment of the Monies due or. thi
Su§fcriptions to the Society for tjla•
blijbing Ufeful Manufactures.
WHEREAS doubt) have heretofore arifca
with regard to the power of the Society
to annex any penalties to the non-payment oi th»
instalments, agreeably to the terms of the fob
fcriptions. And whereas the Legislature at thei*
lafl feflions, pasTed a supplement to the original
law of incorporation, removing the said doubts,
and fully authorizing the Diteftors tap*b any
ordinance they may think proper, to copipel the
pun&ual payment of the said ftibfeTipiionj.
Sec. i. Be it ordained, there (die. bi the Governor
and Direflors of the Society for ejlablijhing (Jffjul
ManufaflvreSiThai if any fubferiber orbisafngw.
shall negle&to pay the second paynvnt of hi#,
her, or their refpeflive fubferiptions, togethel
with the lawful interest arising thereon, either to
the cashier of the United States Bank Office oi
Discount and Dcpoftt, at New-York,the cafliiet
of the Bank of \ew-York, thecalhierof the
Bank of the United States, in Philadelphia, ol
John Bayard, Esq. in the city of New-BrunG
wick* in the state of New-Jerley, on or bcion
the thirteenth day of April next : That then and
in that c?fe, all and every (hare orfharej of such
person or persons so neglecting to make such psy
ments as aforefaid, and the monies by them pie
viouflv paid, (hall be forfeited, and forever there
after veftcd in the said Dire#or.«, and their suc
cessors, for the common benefit of the said So
ciety.
Sec. 2. And be it further or datnedby thtauthont)
aforefaid, That if any fublcribef, orhisalfigni
shall neglect to-pay the third payment ofhia,bei
or their refpe&ive fubferiptions, together wit
the lawful interest arising thereon, on or brfon
the thirteenth day of May next. That then an'
in that all and every (hare or shares ot fucf
person or persons so neglctting to make luc!
payments as aforefaid, and the monies by theiT
previojifly paid, (ball be forfeited, and foreve
thereafter veiled in the said Di'«ftors, and then
fuccefTors, for the commou benefit of the lai<
Society.
Sec. 3. And be it further ordained by the author
aforefaid, That if any iubfenber, or his afligni
(hall neglect to pay the fourth payment ot bu
her, or their refpetlive fubferiptions,on or befo r
the thirteennth day ot Ju)y nrxt, that then an 1
that cafe, all and every share or shares of luc
person or peifons, so negle£l»oj to make (uc
payments as aforefaid, and the monies by then
previously paid, shall be forfeited, and lortvt
thereafter vefled in the said Directors. and t eI
successors, for the common benefit of the WV
Society. NICHOLAS LOW, Governor.
Puffed at New-Ark, 20th February, 1793*
(Couutcrfigned) ELISHA BOUDINO »
Secretary pro tempore.
BE IT KNOWN, that the proportion of fy
cie which may be paid on the
ments'of every original share, byfuchbtoc
holders as prefer paying a moiety of fiia aTI
in fpecic, in lieu of deferred debfj * sas^°^
On (he 13th of April, >793, With >»-
tereft from 13th July, I 79 2 '
On the 13th of May, * 793» in '
tereft from 13th January, 1793. 7
On the 13th of July, .1793, :
Stockholders in the (aid Society arc
notified, that I, the fiibfcriber, am duly au
rized to make the requisite inHnrferoef" JP
the certificates of (hares which they may r f P
tively hold, and that books of transfer arc op
ed at my office, in New- •
X NICHOLAS LOJ.
jiwrip-
I. C. A. A. A. S.
February 21, 1
7 6 <