light appeared, they were attacked, ran in confulion, made not the least refillai.ee, and tl»eir commander, the brave Oldham, was ilain in attempting to raily them. A few moments before the flight of the mi litia, the troops were difmifTed from their posts (where they had been (landing under arms at least two hours) for the purpofa of cooking their vi&nals ; when the firft thing that announced the approach of the enemy, was the militia plunging through the nver » I'moft a quarter of an inch thick ot ice, and the Indians, with horrid yells, at their heels. The army was surrounded in a few minutes, and a dreadful and deadly fire commenced ; the soldiers stoOd to their tackle, charged, drove the enemy, returned to their line and charged again when ordered { and, as th£ gen tleman from North-Carolina fays, 4 they fought like regulars, stood ttke regular, and, poor fellows, they died like regulars." But had the militia acted as regulars, by obeying orders, and firing on the enemy as they ad vanced, and given time for the army to dis play into an ofFenfive position, instead ot a de ienfive one, they would have advanced on their enemy like regulars, fought like regulars, and eonqnered like regulars. 1 hope, from these statements of fa&s, that every unprejudiced person will allow, that the militia was the principal cause -of Har mer's rubb, and St. Clair's defeat.—Dwelt as I have so long upon the defeat of regular ar mies, it is almost time to fay something of mi litia vi&ories. A late one of which has been brought tor ward to support the argument, that militia is the only species of troops proper to fight In dians. An officer with upwards of ioo militia been to Fort Jefferfon, with a quantity of provifions,&c. for theufe ot that garrifori ; on his return he encamped at Fort St. Clair, having under his escort 200 horses ; about the dawn of day, on the 6th of last November, 4ie was attacked by a pjfty of Indians, his men flew to a Urge flockade (which was built for the, purpose ps securing horses) in the mean — t4m& r -the «ncmy cavgbt and carried off all theiF borfes and plundered their camp ; how ever the officer colle&ed 4° °r 50 of his men, and engaged part of the enemy, but it was too late, the Indians had gained their point by car rying off their hooty, with the loss of only two men. Thus fifty militia out of 100 foughi, killed two Indians, loft 200 borfes, and all their camp- A brilliant affair indeed !—But a most enormous price to pay for the car cases of two savages.—Such victories as these, con tinued for a (hort time, would exhaust the mines of Mexico or Peru. I fliall make a few more observations be fore I conclude, concerning this strange Idea which prevails in the minds of fomc refpeft ing regulars and militia. The member of Congrels from North-Carolina, revert? to what the militia of his country had done dur ing the late war. He lays, they fought from a love of their country, that they were men of bravery, men of principle, fee. &C. And alks, will such men enlist in a regular army? 1 wjil iuftrec. that if iiieb men fift m *We regular army, when the liberties of their country were at stake, it is not to be ex pected that they will now enlist andjmarch 6 or 700 miles to fight Indians. If there is an art, or a peculiar method to be pra&iled in fight ing in a woody country, cannot a person un der fubordinatlnn, and acquainted with all the duties of a soldier, be taught it as well as a militia man who is under none, and not ac quainted with any fort of military duty, who knows nothing more than {hooting a rifle, and who will only make use of it against an enemy when he thinks proper J Indeed, I think amulket ball, fired' at an Indian behind a tree, would do as much execution that of a rifle. A regular, well organized and disciplined army, is the only one we can export fuccels from. Sucli that, by order, can in an inftqnt be thrown into any position, that can be divi ded into a number of parties, march in dif ferent directions, though in presence of an enemy, and return to their line only by the beat of a drum or found of a trumpet. Will militia do this ? Did tlieyeverdo it ? No, not <U the drums and trumpets in the victorious French army, would ever rally or Hop a rout ed militia. When I hear of the alhes of tnofe heroes, who gallantly fell at their poll the fa. tal 4th of November, raked up to lie put in competition with a corrupt, infective militia, it makes me' shudder. I will allow militia to have supported one post well, that is, the old adage, Those who Jight and run azvav, " H ill live to Jight another day." And farther I will allow them, u That'when a Jight becomes a chafe, " They win the fight who coin the race." Jan. 17, 1793. CLYTUS. MOM THE UNirkn STATES chronicle. Mr. Wheiler, THERE was a time whenthe name of Louis the XVIlh. re-echoed from tine extreme of ihefe States to the other—when loud Hofannahs and Te Dtums were sung on the joyful birth of the Dauphin " When ten thousand [words ■would have vaulted from their scabbards to re venge an mfull" ugainU (he char*%r of so (Mod-, so just a Prince. Ameiica wanhen ind/bted, and (he \tfSi grateful: but peace soon hilled all remembrance 10 sleep ; and Gratitude, that hea ven-born virtue, like all the qualities of the hu man mind which lay dormant a length ot time, Teems almost entirely to have .forfaken our (horcs. The very man who has even facrificed his Crown, by his efforts to emancipate this Wel torn World; now lies like a common malefac tor a/one and confined in a dole, difa»,real>le prifoo.or Baflfie; -deprived of the sweet cheer ing foctefy of his wife and children— denied *hv social ccrtvcrfe of * feeling friend. In Con ftant (rar of the horrid afTaffination of his fa mily, by the en'igklcncd naif of Farii, or in dread of smAtkuial aud an ignominious death : And yet theie air even among us, Americans, . >who now publicly mfult his milery, by rejoicing at hi* fair. In whzt language call ye this Gratitude ? • Z. For tfig GAZETTE of the UN JTED STATES. BANKS* CONGRESS is blamed for to a Bsnk, Ir'il really curious tp trace theobjr&ions of ih<* party to this meaUire.-'- Sometimes the B'aifk is blamed for giving, by it« discounts, a (Tift 4 nee lo fpeculaton—anti jheo by checking them when the prudence tri the &>iit&ors suggests fhat it is nccelTaiytt»4e, (ay they, is diLppointed and injured. mint, fay they, for paper-money, and the in c red ft «» bills reduces the value ot property bf the over quantity of the medium. Vet »he fame men favor the eftabKftunent of State Banks-* These wc (cc are multiplying daily<-*-and if too much papei (hall be iffued> and the discounts (hall be, as they certainly will, more irregular and more rilky to the several Banks, in propor. tion as their number is increased, they ftarid rra dy to (hew how much evil has ensued from the Bank of the United States. Yet onefuch Bank cannot be denied to be ufeful—- to be nectlfary, probably fully adequate to the wants of this country for its circulation. Ail that is'done V>y the several ftatei over and above what is enough, it is evident will be an evil, and the blame ought not to test on Congress, be the confequeocea ever so diftrefTnig to the citizens. Men »f fetife and experience will render a be, ntfit to the public, by turning -their attentton to the conferences of the laftiiouable rage for Banks. Excess in every ihing is an evil. There is no difpure that one Bank to the circula tion of the United States, is capable of aiLvding the most substantial benefits to t r a<fe, Having such a Bank, you have all. The fubjeft is,Hi>K made better by being up, an<i the ttUu nfcfs of banking bifiken into a number of Tfff u tutions independent Qi Sfcfch ofher—and what if wr»rf*S rivals. It is evtdetif, and capable of drift demonstration, that two Banks cannot circulate paper, and make difcount>, as fafely, as liberal ly, and as regularly as one Bank. It is true, and experience is beginning to convince us, that in regard to the commeicial advantages of bank ing, by making more Banks, you have less ac* comtnodation. There is a common prejudice which fecms to be refpeftable—that competi tion is as nccelfary to banking as to other br-auehff ot bufinefa. This is not true. R-ivatfhip can. not give either of the Banks greater ability to circulate and make discounts : by lncreafing tlie hazard, each is lefstible. CompctiJion thetefore takis away the means of lending, nor is it more neceflarv to make them willing to lend. Profit is a fufficient incitement to lOan all they cats wi:h fatety, Iu both views, competition ill banking is injurious to the lenders and bor rowers. For the GAZETTE of the UHTTED STATES. MR. Fenno, WHIt E'lfhfrty and Etjiiility, Paine • r.'ji the Rights of Man, ire ail the rage at the Eastward, we hear with pleasure ibu our Southern brethren are not tar behind them ; — not even a Mi. it admitted to precede ! name at the preferit day—while their i'able feiiow creatures are frequently addrelTed, 'fCitizen Casfar," or 11 Citizen Pompey, clean <ny boots, &.c. See."—-This may be well—but to htar the Auctioneer cry,' " twenty poundjt for Citizen Alexander-—who bids more ? M * Ileitis to be car ry tngthe joke too far in a free country. Foreign Affairs. PARIS, November I. A GREAT many Prussians and Auftriars present themselves daily before the Coun cil General .of the Commons, claiming the promised bounties ; but in future a ft net in quiry is to be made into their characters, as the greater part of them are fbfpe<?ted to fce enemies in disguise. In tlie fitting of the Jacobin club of the.Jf.ft ult. poor Louis' and his famiiy were made the topic. " Let us clamour," was the cry, " till the whole race be extermina ted, and let fie mode' that fliall be adopttd, for the trial of the Capets, be the precedent for trying all tyrants !" NATIONAL -CONVENTION. Novembei 13. In the session of the 6th a letter was read fi»m the cemmiffioners sent to the frontiers of the Peyrennes. They announce that the organization of the army of the Pevre'nnees goes on rapidly and fuccefifuHy Ten thou sand men, they lay, are Sufficient to render the frontiers of the Upper and Lower Pey rennees impenetrable. He adds,' that they have re-eftabl:ftied unanimity among the Balques, and denounce a number of abuses which prevail in different administrations and in the civil and military tribunals. Tht-y have given the Basques liberty to aflift at the Primary Aflemblies. A letter was read from several patriotic so cieties in England, signed by Maurice rot, President; and Thomas Hardv, Secre tary. LONDON, November 18. Thursday a report was current in the city, which occasioned a considerable depression cf the flocks, that Mr. Pitt had refigned t in cou fequence of being prefl};A to promote a liqui dation by parliament bt' the Prince's deMs. Stocks fell 3 per cent, in coufequence of tl\is report. We are happy in being enabled pb fitively to state, however, that it is Wholly without foundation. The payment of thife debts is a point which a certain late great law lord has strenuously urj. e a, but whith lias 282 been aj»«sr«nfcoufly resisted ; an 3 toss has resolved to adopt a mode of li quidation more honourable to himTeih The fucceft of the French in Flanders may like wife have operated to depress the funds ; for their success Teems to threaten the fafety and tranquility of every country, whether friend or toe. The productive (Vate of the revenue of the year 1792, so greatly exceeding that of last year, causes the many cooje&ures as to what Mr. Pitt will do with the money. Another halfpenny a pound off the candles, it is ge nerally thought will certainly take place; and the next burthen which the minister is said to h?ive in view to eafc the public, from, is the duty either in part or in toto, that canfed the rife of the halfpenny on thefporter. But more the halfpenny On the candles, it is cer tain, inray and will be taken off. A wag, some time ago, advertised a car riage to perform without horses, with only one ivktely and invited the curiout in-mechanics to fee it. Many of the members of the so ciety of arts attended, and in the ardour of expectation were (hewn—« wheelbarrow. Tuesday night died, at Lonß-AHiton, in So merfetfhire,aged93,the Rev.Dr.HenryCaner, a very refpe&able character, many years minister of £ne Episcopal Church of Boston, in New-England. .When the American Re volution took place, he was obliged to relin quifhhis ministry, his country, and his pof feflions, and took refuge in England, where he has since lived, diftingnifhed by a pJacid lerenity of mind, and a cheerful submission to the various viciflitudes of his existence. DUBLIN, Movember 6. Letters received in London fqm Turin, mention that General Paoli died at Corlica, of an apople&ic fit. In many farts of the weft of England, a se vere eoidemic, under the form of Scarlatine Aginofa, ha? for Come time past prevailed ia so great a <l<#*ree, that Wmarry villages', par; ticularly Hotdfwort'iy, nine-tenths of the in habitants have been confined at the fame time. The complaint originated in the very fre quent and heavy rains that have almost delu ged the country. We hear that our government and ministry are inftrufted from the cabinet of St. James's, to grant every reafoftahle privilege that mav be requested bv any of his majesty's faithful fubje&s at the opening of the fefiioti ; a cir. cumftance that mud rejoice a)l true friends to this country, which then and only then, can enjoy its natural and local advantages, at present cramped and smothered by politi tical prohibitions and partial laws. CONGRESS. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. MONDAY, January ai. Sketch of the l)ef>ate on the hill authorizing a loan of the balances due on a finalfettlement of accounts from the United States to indivi dual States. Mr. GILES moved, that the proviso in the second fedlion of the bill fliouid he flruck out, refpc&ing the aflent of the individual dates to tte new loan, as it does not agree with the idea precisely, coiitained in the rsiolutior.s on which the bill wa6 founded; and adverting to the pro vilion contained in the funding law refpe&ing these balances, h« observed, that the bill now re ported interfered with the disposition of the balances, whereas that law ha* veiled the dispo sal of them exclusively in the several dates. A CIT. Mr. Fitzfimons said, that there was a varia tion in the proviso in the bill, from that in the sriginal resolutions, which had accidentally tak en place; he said, that the variation was cer tainly not in order, and he therefore moved, that the proviso in the bill (hould be amended so us to conform to the resolutions. Mr. Sedgwick remarked, that the gentleman lad speaking was undoubtedly right in refpecft to the order, but he did not draw the fame condulion : The proviso in the bill may vary from that in the resolutions; but if it more completely comports with the ideas of a majori ty of the committee, he saw no good reason for not adopting it. He added some observations on the remarks of Mr. Giles, which he conildered as making it a queflion, whether the govern ment ihould literally comply with its engage ments 01* not—this, he hoped, would never be made a subject of debate in the legislature of the United States. Mr. Fitzfimons said, he hoped the amend ment which he l'uggefted, would take place. Mr. Clark observed, that he thought the bill was altogether wrong; he moved therefore, that it Ihould be re-committed. Mr. Clark entered into a general confide ation of the fubjedt, but spoke unusually low. Mr. Lawrence was in favour of the committee's rising; he cited an instance in point, which oc curred the last session.—A feletfk committee on the census had exceeded the limits of the princi ples agreed to in the committee of the whole, the bill they reported was accordingly re-com mitted; the houTe Would not then consent to altering the bilj lb the House, as it would sanc tion a deviation stain eftaMilhed principles. . Murray was opposed to the committee's rilinghe law no occaiion for it; the variation is merely verbal, and can be easily corrected. The question tor the committee's riling was put, and agreed to. They accordingly rose and reported progress. On motion, the committee of the whole was discharged. The bill was then re committed to the felefi committee, which re ported it. The requisite alteration beiwr made, the bill, as amended, was reported to the House, twice read and referred to a com » mittee of the whole.' Mr. Steele ajjt'ii in the chair.—TJ.c co.T.t*!, tee proceeded in the difcuflian of tile btil. Mr. Mercer, after Hating that variom friendly remarks were made on the govcrunirct and on particular members,in confequenie cfrtt former assumption; and informing thccaauniu tee that there was a large sum of the paper :r. ney of a particular Hate in this toxvn, which was felling at lot. in tl>e pound, observed tin; this bill would probably appreciate the value 0 f that paper perhaps to ios. in the pound. In or der, therefore, to give the fulleft information to the people of the United States, and to prevent those at 7 or 800 miles distance from being de frauded, he moved an ajrtndmenr, the objed of which was to prevent tcrtificatu which h*ve been transferred within 6 certain period from being fuhferibed to the • Mr. Fltifimons said, « he had brought for ward the resolutions -ibn -which the bill wu founded ; he thought it incumbent on him to notice the observations advanced by the gentle man in fnpport of his motion He remarked that with rcfpe<& to the general fcntiment of the people, perhaps he knew as little about it as 9- thers; but this he knew, that if unfavourable impressions had not been made, it was not be eaufe attempts had been wanting for that pur pose, on the part of individuals within these walls—With refpeft to himfelf he felt no solici tude; but if any member of this House knew of any fads of the kind alluded to by the gentle man, let the person who knows of such things boldly come forward and charge openly the guilty, with relpcfl to the present motion, he would have ho obje&ion to it, provided it did not interfere with the general provisions of the bill. Mr. Bourn said, he ihould be in favour of the motion, provided it was pra&itable; but he did not fee how it could be carried into execu* tion. Mr. Williamfon supported the motiorl. He said it met hi* approbation so far as it would cdn duce to prote&ing the original holders of the f.ate debts from such speculations as they fuffer ed by, at the time of the former assumption. Mr. Sedgwick remarked on the rapid rife of the value of the paper, in consequence of the for mer assumption, and said, that considering what human nature was conftitu'ed of, the fpeculajtU ctytt alluded to, and which he had lamented a$ much as any man whatever, were to have been expc&ed. He then adverted particularly to the remarks of Mr. Mercer, in which he had said he had his ftifpicioris even of the members of the House. Mr. Sedgwick said, the earsuf members had been often assailed by insinuations and suspicions of the base condu<st of individuals in this House, as speculating iji their own tr.ea fujes. if, said Mr. Sedgwick, there is so base and infamous a character within these walls; if there is one member of this House who has been guilty of this abominable condu<ft, of plundering his constituents of their property, in the manner represented, let his pame be mentioned, let the man be pointed out. From the pare he had taken in this business from the beginning, and frnm the iuggeftions which hrad been he had some rtafort so suppose it might be be intend ed to implicate him in the charge. He could not help feeling himfelf called upon to notice such indilcnniinateinffmiations, fych attempts to af fix a lligma on particular charafters—menwhofe reputation is theft dearest poffeflion. Mr. Sedg wick then offered several obje&ions to the mo tion ; he remarked that its tendency would be to keep open the door of/peculation. Mr. Mercer replied to Mr. Sedgwick; he observed, that his remarks weredir«&ad to hu man natnre at large; he considered it as a point not to he controverted that temptation, in pro portion to its extsnfive and flattering profpedts, would always have an influence ; for himfelf, he could neveryrilh to have his own horour and integrity put. to the test, He fubferibed to the sentiments of Mr. Sedgwick refpe&ing the sa cred nature of reputation, and repeated the lines from Shakespeare—'" He that robs me of hiy good name, &c. Mr. White said h« disapproved of the princi ple on which the amendment was brought for ward. He believed the aspersions on the mem bers of Congress, were totally unfounded—He did not doubt but [peculations had been carri ed on to a very great extent, during the depend ence of the funding system; but this could not be avoided; men would venture according to their opinion of the final event of the meafare ■— and priccs would consequently fluctuate. When the proposition for difcriminatiou was brought forward, the price of paper fell; when it was reje&ed, the price rose again. It was probably the fame with regard to the slate debts, in the various (tages of the business; bnt surely nofuf picion of improper conduct could fall on those who voted uniformly either for or against the measure. Indeed the above has generally fallen on those who opposed the aflumption in the ex tent firft proposed, and voted for it as finally modified. These were but five in number; they were easily known ; three yet retain their feats, two are of fame ft ate with the gentleman 1 who offefed the amendment, and are not now members of the House; that he was of the number, and he was confident that no man ap plying the charge of speculation to himfelf or to any one of those wh» voted with him, would believe there was the ftiadow. of truth in it; but he would attend to the difeuffion ; and however be might difiike the reason afugned for offering the amendment, if he found any good likely to arise from it, would give it his vote. Mr. Mercer's remarks brqught up several other members, who severally, adverffhg to the circumflances attending the patting the funding a&, shewed that tho* they had voted for the sys tem, that they were i.ot influenced byperfonal considerations. ' The motion of Mr. Mercer was repeated y modified and altered, and then further debate . Mr. Barnwell said, he disapproved of the mo tion ; it appeared to be a very extraordinary
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