•*! A NATIONAL PAPER, PUBLISHED WEDNESDAYS AND SATURDAYS BY JOHN FENNO, No. 34, NUPTH FIFTH-STREE'I\ PHILADELPHIA LNo. 70 of Vol. IV.] By William Young, BOOKSELLER, »? No. $i,in Second, the corner oj Ckefnut-Street f *> lu two large o&avo volumes, neatly bound, (Price Four Dollars) ESSAYS ON THE INTELLECTUAL **4 AiTIVE POWERS oj By Thomas Reid, d.d. i.k.s. Edinburgh. Proleffor ol Moral Philolophy in the Umveiiiiy of Glasgow. IT would be improper for the publisHer to mention any thing refpetling the literary ta lents ot an author, so generally known and clteemed. Nor does it appear nereflary 10 re queit attention to peruse a work, whofc import ance is universally acknowledged. Those who have rpad the ancient systems and these volumes, will readily perceive, that the knowledge of philosophy, advances from a state of infancy, towards maturity ; nor will it appear tpf* much, -when it is said, that Dr. Reid has diveftd moral science 'rom that veil undc»- which forjp many :• M^mgi^Crrw.Trcrg •and the jargon of fchowls. Thus he hasa£lcd that friendly part to moral science, which the ingenious Newton and did to natural philosophy ; their united and (ktlful efforts, ren der philosophy not only an ufeful, but a pleasant cxercife, and a more fafe imrodu&ion to the mod important ftudies.—lt is impracticable to insert the lengthy reviews ot th s work, and to give a part, would be unfriendly to the author and reviewers. ALSO, Neatly bound, in two volumra.o&avo, Price one and a half Dollar, A COMMENTARY ON the BOOK OF PSALMS. IN which their literal or historical sense, as they relate to King David, and the Peopl« of Xfrapl, is il:u(tra<ed, and their application to Mefliah, to the Church, and to individuals, as member# thereof, is pointed„ out ; with a view to render the use of th? JPfalter pleating and pro fitable to all orders and degrees of Christians. The jirjl American Edition jrow the 4(\ Eritijh. m xir- and* President of Magdalen College, Oxford. ZIMMERMANNm SOLITUDE, Price 7.8 Dollar. ALSO, SCOTTs FORCE Of TRUTH, Puce, bound and lcucrcd, 44-100 Dollar. Jufi come to hand. BEVIES* SERMONS, Complete in 3 volumes o&avo, Puce, bound, 5 25-100 Dollai. T* n °6. A New Post-Road. HAVING been defirrd to rllablifli a poft road from Reading, in the* (late o f Penn sylvania, to Wtlliamfburg, at the Great Forks of the Geneft-e river, Notice is hereby giveri, that proposals will be received at. the-General Post- Office, tor carrying a weekly mail between Reading and Wuliair.fburj* aforcfaid, by the following route, to wit : the Great Road now improving between Reading »od the town of Northumberland ; from the latter place to Loyal Sock creek ; thence to Lycpming creek ; thence in the new road to Paintrd Post, on Tinea jivei; and thence to Williamfburg. The propofait will be received until the ist!i «>f March next, inclusively ; the carriage ot ihe mail to commence within one month ailer- Vards. , NecefTary Port-Offices are co he efUblifhed on the route, and such pet forts appointed Poft fnafters as the Contractor (hall name, and ihe Poftmaftei-Gencral approve. Within three months after the carriage of this mail 18 commenced, the Contractor i« to state to Ihe Poftmalter-Grncra! the days and hours of us »mv«l and departure at and Irom the prin ip.il Poft-ofßce>, wh>ch experience (hall prove to be moil convenient ; and thereafter the mail is to be delivered at the refpettive Poft-oHices at the hours so fixed, unavoidable accidents excepted, cn penalty of one dollar for each hour's delay ; and for the non-performance of a trip, the'Con tra&or 10 forfeit twenty dollars. "1 Ire term of the coi.fr.ift cannot exceed eight years. During us continuance the Contra6i<tr is to receive the rites of poflagebv law clbblifhed, and to have the cxc'iufive of carrying Jetters and packet* f<»» hire, fnch excepted, as lhall he sent hy a fpeo il m< Ifrnjer, or which are or fha 11 bet>v law declared free. TIMOTHY PICKERING, P.M.C Ceneral Pojl-Ojjirc, jan. 22, 1793. TO BE SOU) BY THE EDITOR, A TABLE fcr receiving and paying GoM— gradual* d -.ccordtnq to Law—Blank Manifrfts— And Blanks for the various piivycrs oi Attorney HcelT.try in Bofnnfs at the v • r Bank of tHc the United States. hit Ca :(!ic 1 j No) thtijtk-bi. at t ffo. 34, bttween Jl' ; h una r\ . K tteeit —U'ic>e tht LdiHr n<jx rc r l-.j. Wednesday, Jan jary 50. 1795. Bf' ft « P. Rice, No. 50, Ma.R KF.T'ST REIT) :»' tjj» SYSTEM OF cfhovt- (?{yancli Vfed by Mr. Lloy d, in uking down (he DEBATES of CONGRESS. *** Representation having been made, that the Jhortnefs of the period, limited Jur the Sub/cription, has deprived many gentlemen at a dijltvce, ofan op portunity of fending in tJietr names ; —the liditfit- in order to accommodate them, and to render this publi cation more extensively ufejui, has determined not to raise the price to a Dollar and halj (ai intended) be fore the fifteenth of March \ —making hmvtver a dij criminationy in favor of the aflual Sutjlribei J, by printing their copies on fupefine Rov.l writ ing paper. A few remaining copies of /his hind will be delivered to the earUefl oj the noti-jubJ'c?ibr/tg pur chajersy at the Jame price as those on the common printing paper, viz. One Dollar, in marbled covers, neatly bound y a Frtftch Crown. Jan. 26, 41 ! CONTINUATION OP An ACT concerning the registering and recording of Ships or Veilels. See. 13. A ND be it further enacted, That j ■L Jl if* the certificate of the registry of any (hip or vessel fh.aU be loft or destroyed, or mislaid, the matter, Or other person having the charge or command thereof, may make oath or affirmation, before the collector of the diftridt where such ship or vefiel shall firft be, after such loss, deft ru&ion, or miflaving, who is hereby authorized to administer the fame, which oath or affirmation shall be of the form following j" I (inserting here the name of the person /wearing or affirming) being matter (or having the charge or command) of the ship or vefiel, called the (inserting the name of the vessel) do swear (or affirm) that the said ship, or vefiel hath been, as I verily believe, registered, according to law, by the name of (inserting again the name of the vei l fel) and that a certificate thereof was grant ed by the collector of the diftridl of (naming the dt&riit, where registered) which certifi cate has been'loft (or destroyed, or uninten tionally and by mere accident mislaid, as the cafe maybe) and (except,where the certificate is alledged to have been destroyed) that the fame, if found again, and within my power, fhail be delivered up to the collector of the diftriel, in which it was granted j" which oath, or affirmation shall be subscribed by the party making the fame, and upon such oath or affir mation being made, and the other requifitcs of this ast, in order to the registry of fliips, or veflels, being complied with, it shall be lawful for the collector of the diftridt, before whom fuc-h oath or affirmation is made, to grant a new register, inserting therein, that th<- fame is iiTued, in the room of the one loft or tic* ftroyed. But in all cases, where a register fhail foe granted, in lieu of the one loft or de stroyed, by any other than the collector of the diftridt, to which the ship or vessel adhially belongs, such register shall, within ten days, after her fit ft arrival within the diftriA to which she belongs, be delivered up to the col ledlor of the said difti i<;}, who shall, thereupon, grant a new register, in lieu thereof. And in cafe the matter, or commander (hall neg'edt to deliver up such register, within the time a forefaid, he shall forfeit one hundred dollars ; and the former register shall become null and void. See. 14. And be it further enatted, That when any {hip, or velTel, which fliall have been registered, pursuant to this ad, or the ast hereby, in part repealed, fliall, in whole, or in part, be fold, 01* transferred to a citizen or citizens of the United States, or shall be altered in form, or burthen, by being length ened, or built upon, or from one denomination to another, by the mode or method of rigging or fitting, in every such cafe, the said ship or veflel (hall be regiltered anew, by her former name, according to the directions herein be fore contained (tother wife she (hall cease to be deemed a Xhip or velfe! of the United States) and her former certificate of registry shall be delivered up to the collector to whom appli cation for such new regiitry fliall be made, at the time that the fame shall be made, to be by him transmitted to the Register of the Trea sury who taiife the fame to be cancelled. And in every such cafe of sale or transfer, there lhall be some instrument of writing, in the nature of a bill'of faley: which ihali recite, at length, the said certificate* otherwise the said ship or vets el (hall be incapable of being so regiltered a pew* And in every cafe, in which a Alitor vcftel is hereby required to be registered anew, if the fhall'not be Jo re gistered anew, fiie flial! not be entitled to any of the privileges or benefits of a ship or veflel of the United States. And further, if her said former certificate of registry shall not be be delivered up, as aforefaid, except where the fame may have been destroyed, loft, or unintentionally mislaid, and an oath or affir mation thereof shall have been made, asafore 277- • Owner f>ri»wiWrs ftiall forfeit and pay the sum of five htim?red be recovered, with coft'. of Tuit. S?c. fj. And be it further enacted, That Vhen the master, or person having the c)ia'; e or command of alhipor veflel, registered pur thant to this ast, or the ast hereby in part re pealed, shall tie changed, the owner, or ore »f the owners, or the new mailer of such Ihip or veiTel, (hall report fiich change to the col lector of the diftriift where the fame (hall hap 'pen, or where the fhid ftiip or veii'el shall firft < br, after the fame lhall have happened, and ( shall produce to him the certificate of regiltry j of such fliip or veULt, and lhall make oath ot * affirmation, Ihewing that such new mailer it i a citizen ef thr? United States, and the man ner in which, or means whereby, he is so a ci tizen : whereupon the laid collector (hall en dprfe upon the faid'certificate of regiltry, a memorandum of fuih change, fpecifjiog the name of such new matter,, and lhall fubferibe the said memorandum wiih his name, aud if other than, the collector of the di.ftrU%by whom ■ the said iertijSrate of registry lhall have been i granted) thai) transmit a copy of the (aid me- jT< T" ,) or veilel, to which it fhalJ relate ; ami tb* colle&or of the diftrift, by v/hom the said certificate (hall hav« been granted, shall make a like memorandum of such change, in his book of registers, and shall tranfinit a copy thereof, to the Register of ti>e Treasury. And if the said change, shall not be reported, or if the said oath or affirmation shall not be taken, as above dire&ed, the registry of such flilp or vefTel (hall be void,and the said mailer, or per for, having the charge or command of her, fliall forfeit and pay the Jiim of one hun dred dollars. iec. 16. And be it further enacted, That if any flip or veflel, heretofore registered, or which hall hereafter be reentered,as a fhipor veflel of ;he United States,lhall be lold or transferred, h whole or in part by wayoi* trust, confidence )r otherwifc, to afubjeft or citizen of any fo "eign prince or ft ate, and such fa!e or tranl er (hall not be made known, in manner here in before dir&fted, Inch ship or veflel, toge ther with her tackle, appaiel, and furniture, lhall be forfeited : Provided, That if such fhinor veifci lhall, be owned in part only, and it m&uoe made appear to tlie jury, before prhoin the trial for such forfeiture lhall be had, that any other owner of such ship or veflel,lc ing a citizen of the United States, was wholly ignorant of the sale or transfer to, or owner ship of, such foreign fubjetfl or citizen, the lhare or interest of such citizen of the United State?, lhall not be fubjeft to such forfeiture; and the residue only (ball be so forfeited. Sec. 17. And be it further enacted, That upon the entry of every ship or veficl of the United States, from any foreign port or place, if the fame fliall be at the port or place, at which the owner or any of the part owners reside, such owner or part-owner fliall make ■ oath or affirmation, that the register of such Ihip or veflel contains the name or names ot ! all the persons, who arse then owners of the said Ihip or veflel ; or if any part of such ship or veflel has been fold or transferred, since the granting of such register, that such is the cafe, and that no foreign fnhjett or citizen hath, to the best of his knowledge and belief, any (hare, by the way of trust, confidence, or otherwifc, in such ihip or veflel. And if the owner, or any part-owner, (hall not reside at the port or place, at which such ship or veliel fliall enter, then the matter or commander lhall make oath or affirmation, to the like ef fe&. And if the owner, or part-owner, where there is one, or the matter or commander, where there is no owner, (halj refufe tofwear or affirm a.s aforefaid, such ship or velfcl fliall not be entitled to the privileges of a ship or vefTel of the United States. An Adt to amend an Act iini tied, " An mft eltabliihing a Mint, and regulatingtheCoins of the United States, so far as refpe&s the coin- age of Copper. BE it enacted by the Senate and Hnnte of ileprcl'entatives of the United States of America, in C-ongieli ailrnmlrd, That every cent [ha!l contain two hundred and eight giains pt CBopct; and every liait cent ihall contain one buoriifd and tour grains ot copper ; and ihat so much of tlic ail, cntitnlici, " An act eH»Mi(!itng a Mint, and regulating the coins ol the United StaWs," a? refpeiis the weight ot cims and hall centi, Ihall be, and the fame is hereby repealed. JONATHAN' TRL'MRUI L, Sf,e«*rr oj the HouJ'eoj ReprefeMtittves. JOHN ADAMS, L'ice-Frefiiier.t of the United States, and Prrjtdei.l of tie Senate. AF7KOVID. .JANUARY 141703. [Tt> be continued CLO. WASHINGTON, Prejuitnt ej the Untied Males. THOMAS iiCItUX) ej l>utt. [Whole No. 592.] co;\Giu;^s. 4 OF REPRESENTATIVES. *1 ON DAY, January r nc memorial of officer iof "several lines o' the I,,in army of the Uviteti States, being una.r lovhotrv t'ofi, in ioninnt'ce of the zi'holc y a motion r.nis viudt o tejjtfl the prayer oj the mmoriats-, (Mr. Bovdinot's Speech couclhtUJ.) J- -jiij IL: • • - - - Mr.Boud:notal!cdgcd his privity to t.'iii bufi ness, having been in Congress at the time, and o course one of the parties to the contrail. He alf' observed very particularly on this measure, ori ginating with the army, and especially the ne gotiable property of the certificates: that in tin: tranfaition all former demands were involved and the express flipulaticn of the army, and the assent of Congress was, not to pay a fpecific sum in Ipecie ; but to givefuch securities for tie bsi lances as JboM ie given tu the other creditor! of the United States. Here then Was no difference b* tween creditors, all were put on a footing, and every citizen who had made advances for the go vernrnent, or had fought her battles, were co»(> dcrsd equally entitled to the attention of govern ment. .from .tfcis tjg;«. the.a.-- luy put on the face oT a'jetied debt, ant, rettii litions were made to the different States for a fund, on which to found a certainty of payment at least of the interest from year to year; all the States but one having made the ar rangements, the plan was fruftrated, but many of the individual states made provision for, and did actually pay the interest of 6 per cent. forXc veral years—notwithstanding these partial pay ments, the public credit fuffrcd much, and a mong other causes, the great number of these negotiable securities brought tp market, was not .the leal}. The distresses of some, the differer.ti. objeil of pursuits of others which required capi tals ; the debts of others which called for pay ment as soon a» the war was over, and the lears of others for the fate of the government, all con fpircd to bring on a general bankruptcy. These securities fell from 6s Bd. to 2s. 6d. in the pound, and transfers were as common as any other mer chandize. The public fears and the uuiverlai complaint of creditors finally brought about a change of the government, and the new consti tution was formed ; in which two material arti cles applied, to creditors—<me thy new government was to be liable for tiie debts of the old; —and another, that all contrails lhould be carried into effeit agreeably totheterms-of them. The old Congress had so far complied with their engagementsas to give the securities required by the contrail, and to apply to the individual states for the funds promised The new govern ment at the earned request of hercreditors, turn ed an early attention to the public debt. She found the contrails were with the original cre ditor. bearer, or aflignee. The Jiolder was equal ly a party to the contrail, and demanded the whole debt, without regard to the sum paid for it to the original holder ; on the other hand ma ny contended for the right of the firft creditor as an equitable demand to the surplus (or at leail a part of it) after paying the principal and in terest of the sum for which it was transferred. To this it was answered, that Congress could not conftder themselves as a court of law or e quity to determine these claims. They were bound to A. B. or bearer, or his aflignee. The holder of the evidence of the public debt, could alone, in law or equity give a dilcharge of the debt. That it wouki be unconftitutionai to des troy the contrail of the parties, when made bor,a jdc, and it was agreed that fraud could vitiate e very contrail, for which the courts of juflice were adequate—therelore it was, that all discri mination was refufed, firft as a matter without the jurifdiilion of Congress; iecoDdly,asa mat ter unjust on the principle of a fair contrail, made on a risque to be run ; and lastly, as im prailicable in its very nature. In conlequence of this, propositions were made to the holders of the public securities, on the principles of the funding system ; the fubllance of which were, that as the government in its infancy could not embrace a discharge of the debts, or indeed a payment of full interest, with jut rifqueing the pnblic credit as heretofore, and by this means a gain exposing the creditor to loss; it was there fore advileablc to new modify the debt, so that the creditor fliould give up 3 per cent. upon the interest, and 1 per cent, on the principal for 10 years, for which he lhould receive an equivalent in the following manner :—lt was a very reason able conjeilure, in cafe the new government succeeded, and public credit was restored, that interest would fall in J years to 5 per cent, and in 10 years to 4 per ceut.—in which call Con gress might, by new loans, at that rote of inter est, pay off the whole national debt; but 011 the prcfent plan, (he would fccure to the holder full 4 per cent, on the principal for 10 years, and af terwards 6 per cent, for a certain number of years on terms, with 3 per tent, on the interest let the common rate of interest be what it might. This was accepted by the creditor as a realisa ble equivalent, and the debt wasfubfcribed. The event proved the truth of thefuppefition, and the value of the funded debt at one tirre rose to ijs. on tile pound on 6 per cent, while leant have treen made by the United States, at irom 4 to j per ccat. Congress th«yi »
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