guagc ; and be advised htir. t for his own fcfc • ty, to leave the town as scon as lie could, which advice th? Bifbop very wifely followed. Citizen Anfchne (Mils Anfehne) fitter of •the brave General ot' the lame name, who al ready ha«, in feverai rencounters with the enemy, diftinguifted herielf, not only by her valour, but alio by her virtues, talents and love tor the ha* difSlaved in the army en the Var, tne genius of the famous Montfoit. She commands an army of J $oo men, and in the several engagements flat has bad witu the enemy, flie was always seen foremoft with her glittering sabre in ker hand, to encourage her men : and indeed this amiable and valiant aniazon, who poifclfes great talents and a tried courage, will ba the Clorinda of her age. Sue has well dclerved to iharc her brother's glory. Domestic Articles. XORFORK, January 9. qti Sunday lail arrived here the brig Willi am Pennock, Capt. Williams, who failed from Point Petre, Guadalonpe, 011 the 15th Decem ber. Four day* before Capt. Williams left the iilanci, the frigate La Felicite arrived at Dominica, in 35 days from France, and bro't news of the defeat of the Combined Force ;, which jet the whole inland tit a fermentation ; the inhabitants were all quitting the iiland, in expectation of a fleet coming from France. Capt. Williams took in 2 3 paflengers for St. £u(latia, where he arrived on the 18th, and fouud five more American vefleis from dif ferent parts of the iiland, full of Fren; h pas senger ;, and a 'mjuiber more momently ex pected. St. Euftatia was full of French peo ple, and fcarcc ahoufe to be got 011 any terms. At Sr. Martin's on the 2 3th nit. Hkewifp found several more veflcls frojn Guadeloupe, with 40, 53, and 63 pafTengers on board ; ajfo a vetfe! from Martiuico, with paiTeotiers, who info mcd him that that island was in the fame situation as Guadeloupe, which was conti nually under arms. A gentleman on boaid t'ie veTel froni'Marlinicd fa V, 17cq of the in habitants quitted the lfland, and all kinds of business was at ast and ; nothing doingexcept fortifying the iiland, repairing t'he farts, and getting iii order "to atn\ the negroes againit the fleet arrived from France wl.ich they ex pected. In Guadaloupe they purchased 80,300 stand of arms from the other iilands ; and 011 the firft appearance of the fleet, the Planters were determined to arm their negroes to pro tect the White Flag. The frigate La Felicite got information of a French frigate who wore the White flag, manned with mulattoes,which the La Felicite gave chace to—<he run into Back-Staff, Guadeloupe, under cover of the guhs. The Captain of the La Felicite wrote toe Governor of Guadalonpe, if he caught any Aristocratic Flags in the Welt-Indies, he was determined to fink them—He bent his course to Dominica, as he could not obtain any fnp plies in the FreccM Hands. NORWICH, January !4. EttraQ oj -i. letter from a gentleman in Charlcßon fS. i.) to a friend m this tou n, dated Dcum ber 24, 1.79:'. " A few days iince departed this life, Hen K.Y Laurens, Esq. about 70 years of* age, and his co 1 p!e ire burnt tile third day after His decease. This was done by his Son, by re queftof the Father, who made this reserve in h\s will, that unless his son complied with this request, lie fliould be cut (hart of any of his estate, whiph was worth about ster ling. The allies remaining from the body wcie taken up and put into a lilver urn pro vided for that purpose. The reason that Lui rens gave for this lingular desire, was, that his body was too good to be eaten by worms. BAL'fIMORE, January 21 from a correspondent. Answer to an Evgljjh Paragraph exhibiting tie aifterevct between the French and American Re volution., lately puHiJked in fame of the Nev Pa pers in the United States. Je FHERP., is that difference between the French and American Revolutions, that the latter was not opposed by cunning priests, nor cruel aristocrats determined to overthrow every principle of honelty and humanity, for a emmefa hilled by common sense—A royal puppet, on this spot, did not dance on the wire of a band of courtiers, the most despicable and abandoned wretches that ever difgraccd man kind—The focus of both despotism and no!«i. lity was far from this land of liberty, and its glorious adherents.could not be infected with the pernicious breath of mad royalty and im pudent aristocracy. The popular cause was opposed openlv, sword in hand, and viftori oufly fought by tile friends to the rights of men; had the French republicans met with such opponents, they had not done those ex ceiles the Kin<r, the Nobles and Clergy have roused them to by the most perfidiouVtontrl vances—A King did no t foi swear hinifclf in America, nor hacl the American people more t.iai> one Arnold; their tempers were soured neither by misery nor by a complicated fvftcm of treachery, framed coolly, and purfuedwith t.ie gieateft obstinacy—The American people were not loaded with enormous taxes, that had reduced millions of their fellow citizens to the utmost misery, to maintain haughty pmnderers in sloth and profligacv All this odds 111 u(I be reckoned by impartial men, to explain the difference infidionfly delineated between the two Revolutions, bv f.ime des perate royalist, or a narrow-minded man. PHILADELPHIA. PRICE OF STOCKS, 6 per ttr.n, 20/ i 3 per Cents, i,/, 0 Deferred, 12 , Full foores Bank U. S. 34 pcr c \, lUi mem CONGRESS. HOUSE of REPRESENTATIVES. MONDAY, January 14. The memorial 'f officers of fevfrttl lines of the late army of the United Stales, being un der corfJeralicn, in committee of the <wha:e, a motion was made to rijefl the prayer oj the meinurials. Mr. SEDGWICK observed that he did not rife to express an opinion as to any vote which he might ultimately give on the subjeCt now be fore the committee. It was undoubtedly an im portant subjeCt—important, as it respects t£e character of the applicants, and a* it involved a consideration of the services which had been rendered by them. No man had a more re fpeCtful opinion than he entertained of the hon orable patriotism of those brave and meritori ous citizen#, who had ventured their lives in de fence of their country, No man would more regret than himfelf, that those Cervices should remain unremunerated. Thus feeling, he should be sorry if the motion of the gentleman frotfi New-Jersey should preclude a difcufiion of the various questions which might otherwise arise in the contemplation of this fubjeCt. He laid he knew several gentlemen who be lieved that it was impracticable to grant the prayer of the memorials, without producing e vils, so many and so great, as infinitely more than to counterbalance the benefits ntended. That it would be a criminating reflection on gentlemen who, with so much warmth of de clamation, had espoused the taufe of the appli cants, to suppose that they forefaw those evils and were not prepared to guard against them, ft would be indirectly charging upon them as the motive of their conduit, to give an approving countenance to an impracticable objeCt, an in tention ofacquiring popularity at the expence of the reputation of the government. This was a charge he had no disposition to make; he would therefore suppose the gentlemen had digested feme scheme, in their opinion of practicable compensation; which, by what they have said, they have pledged to bring forward to the con sideration of the committee; but they would be precluded from doing it, should the mover of the present queflion perfilt in having the fate of the memorials decided on his motion. He laid that, confident in the hope that the gentleman would gratify the wilhes of his friends, he would take the liberty of mentioning some of the embarrafling questions which the commit tee must meet in the progress of this business. The whole merit of the present application, in his opinion, relied on the supposition tbatby the terms of the funding law the government had made a saving to itfelf; or, to speak with more precision, to the debtor part of the com munity. In other words, that by the terms of the loan an adequate provision was not made for the public debt. This supposition is denied by many gentlemen, who did not hesitate expressly to declaie, that the provision is ample and ought to be fatisfa&ory. Others, lie faic, went further, and even infinuatcd that there exilled a sympa thetic feirfibility between the majority of Con gress and the public creditors, injurious to the great body of the people. This saving confli cted that residuum of the original contrail* which was the fubje<ft of the present demand. If then there was no saving there was no residu um—no fubjcA of diflribution. On this idea, the application is to the generosity, not the jus tice of Cosgrefs. On this ground the memori als, he presumed, were not advocated by those gentlemen. Should it, howevsr, be demonstrat ed that the contemplated saving had been made to the public, he aiked whether this wa« the only description of creditors to whom injuflice had been dbne ? and would not the fame argu ments which should detr.onftrate their rights prove equally the title of every otber original holder to further provision ? Was there any dis criminating principle by which it would appear that these men alone were entitled to redrel's for a violation of justice ? These queilions were important, and being obvious, they must have occurred to the gentlemen; who, it might rea sonably be presumed, had come prepared, if not with fatisfaaory, at lead with plausible answers. He said, that among the evils which had been . endured during our struggle for freedom and in dependence, was a lapse of public credit, by which there had been apportioned a severe tax 011 the citizens; and although this was not in exa£ proportion, yet it was generally more e qual than probably any re-apportionment would make it. It was said, at lead by some, that by comparing the relative circumf.ar.ces of the ar my before and since the war, with the commu nity at large, it might be presumed that they had not contributed to this tax beyond their pro portion. If on the whole, the claim of the ar my could not be diftinguiflied from that of the other original creditors, and if justice required the provision contended for, then it would fol low irrefiftably, that an account was to be open, ed with each original creditor; that even if a dif tindion could be discovered which would au thorise a difference between the army and every other description of creditors, it was, he said, further alked, by gentlemen who believed the projefi tobe.impraaicable.whetherit was intend ed, by a further diftinaion, to separate the offii cers from the soldiers, to provide for the forflier and not for tha latter ? If one part of the di lemma was chosen it would eperate manifell in justice, if the other the government would open those sources of fpcculation which seemed to threaten to inundate the country with enormous evils. He said, gentlemen who were disposed to afford a favorable countenance to tbe present applications had undoubtedly considered these effe&s, and had alio considered the means of pre venting those evils, and candor required that they Ihould be indulged with an opportunity of exhibiting their system. H« said that it was further objeaed that the proposed measure would materially alter the 274 funding fyftcm, a strait adherence to which was guaranteed to the public by an almost una nimous vote of both Houses. He said the objc&ions he had mentioned were among the most important of those which had occurred on this fubjeil; that a difcuflion ot them would open an cxtenfi/e field of argument. He thought it would 1 e of public utility that they {hould be difcKffed, he therefore again fo licitcd the gentleman from Ncw-Jerfey to with draw his motion, that an opportunity might be afforded to gentlemen to bring forward a di gefled fyltem. Mr. Boudinot assured the committee, that he had determined not to trouble them on this fub je*fl< and he ihould have carried that determina tion into execution, did he not find that the question was likely to be taken in a manner not altogether pleasing to him. He had expedted that the claims of the officers would have been fairly met, and if decided in tbe negative, those gentlemen, would have gone away fully fatisfied that their claims had received a fair and candid difcuflion : But he feared, from the arguments of gentlemen, that the idea that the United States had unjustly. failed in performing the con trail with the army, would take place, and an ungrounded imputation ofpartaility (at least in the minds of the petitioners) would be left on the government, when Mr. B. thought, a fair flatement of the matter would undoubtedly put a very different face on the whole bufmefs. 'l he officers ef the army had come forward as credi tors of the United States in a decent arid becom ing manner, and presented their claims founded on former contracts, which they conceived had not been fulfilled, and therefore they called on government to do what was right and just on the occalion. Congrels were the independent representatives of the whole usion, to whom e very citizen ought to have free access, and where every citizen was to be considered as equally en titled to an impartial hearing. If on examina tion it (hould appear that justice required a far ther eompenfation to the petitioners as a claf's of public creditors, when considered on a general scale, no man in the house would be more ready than himfelf to give his voic« for such a measure. But if it should ap.pear that th<J contrail on the part of riie 1 public had been complied with, as far as distributive justice would permit, he wished the petitioners to be convinced of it, and that those losses they had met with, were such as had been equally borne by other creditors of the uni on, and therefore a general burthen, by which he hoped they would receive full fatisfa&ion on this fubjedl. Mr. Boudinot, while he acknowledged the patriotism and virtue of the American army, and fubferibed fully to their eminent fervice3 and patient fufferings, he could not join in de crying the efTential services and fuiferings of the other public creditors of the United States, who in the day of her distress had administered their property, to the support of that army and the defence of the union. All public creditors who presented themselves in the day of distress to the relief of the Union, were equally entitled to the attention of Congress; but as the officers in their memorials had applied in behalf of the army alone, he wished to consider their in the firil instance, abftra&ly, without conne&ing it with any other class of creditors, and then com pare it with others of their fellow-citizens. He undertook, therefore, in the firft place, to state the public condudt towards the army from the beginning to the commencement of the preient government—He would then examine the conduit of the preient government, and lastly, fuppoGng their claim just, enquire into the practicability of it. The committee were well acquainted with the rife and progress of the late war. At the fir 11 alarm the patriotic citizens of the colonies flaw to their arms and formed in the field, without terms or stipulations as to their services. In 1775 Congress turned their attention to the army as the firfl great obje«sl, and having organized it, fixed the pay at the rate of 50 dollars for a colo nel, and zo dollars for a captain. In 1776, de sirous of encouraging citizens who were so zeal ous in their country's service, they gave a boun ty of 20 dollars to each private, amounting in the whole to upwards of 100,000 dollars, be sides a promifc of 100 acres of land, and to the officers at the rate of 500 acres to a colonel, and the reft in proportion. In October of the fame year, desirous of keeping up the zeal of the of ficers, they increased the pay in proportion of 75 dollars to a colonel, and 40 dollars to a cap tain, and gave a suit of clothes per annum to every private, or 20 dollars in calh. In Dec. *777> Congress shewed their desire of encourag ing the service, by giving a month's extra pay to the army. The officers, anxious for their fu ture support after the war was over, exprefTed an earnelt desire of having foine provision of this fort anticipated, and Congress in compliance with their delires, after a consideration of three months or more, agreed in May 1778, to give each officer half pay for 7 years after the end ol the war, on condition that they did not hold any office of profit under any individual state, and 80 dollars to each private. In Novem ber following they gave to each supernumerary officer one year's pay extraordinary, and increas ed the allowance for every retained ration to as. 6d. in money. The army, not being fatisfi ed with this provision, in Augufc 1779 a com mittee appointed for the purpose reported far ther provision of half pay for life, without any condition in favour of those who should continue till the end of the war, and recommended to the Hates to provide for widows of officers and sol diers who should be killed in the service. Con gress likewise increased the allowance of month ly fubiiftence for officers to 500 dollars for a colonel, a captain 200 dollars, and a private 10 dollars, and added to all this, Congress allowed the officers to receive from the public stores one nat, a watch coat, body coat, four vests, four pair breeches, four shirts, four stocks, fix pair {lockings, four pair flioes, per annum, nearly at former prices, and the foldler. in proportion The half pay for life was adopted, to the great offence of individual states, who lent fnrwa . petitions against the measure as impolitic and unjust. The war continuing, the distresses of the country iiicreafed, which reduced tin credit so low, as to produce great uneafinels a mong all classes of public creditors, both in the army and country. The gentleman from P< nnfylvania (Mr. Hart ey) in his argument represented (in Mr.B'so .i" "ion) his own feelings 011 tin <>ccafion,r«hJ than a comparative view with the fufferjn?s of the citizens at large ; for it a not uncommon when gentlemen are cunire&cd with a ji art i cil .' Ur class of fuflerers, to view what he lees a , l( j hears .sail exclufivc and peculiar evil, without considering what paflen elfewhcre. Thus tie loluicr confidcrs the facrifice of the army a, t|-~ c only intolerable burthen, while the merc^an knowing his own losses heft, considers other's' complaints as trifling to his; and the Carm.-r who earns every farthing by the sweat cf fii» brow, blames the government for not eivii y him the firft place in all tlieir fyftcms. Yet the fair coriclufion is, that the burthen has been gen erally nearly equal, and a common tax for th defence of our country—And although Mr '! readily fubferibed to the great iu.Tcrkigs a'u<i patriotic exertions of the army, yet the-/ihou!d also give credit for the attention of their coun try, to the utmoll of her abilities. As the gen tleman irom Pennsylvania is be ft acquainted with the line of his own llate, Mr. Boudinot undertook to mention what was done by Pcnn fylvania for her own officers in addition to the allowances of Congreft.—Duringthe war,ftores were provided, from which they received'a par tial fuppiy at the hard money prices; The de predation of their pay was fully made uo to them ; at the falesof the confifcated estates thdr certificates were received as hard money; the fame for lands in the lanii-office ;-*-lhu iut«vH of 6 per cent, was paid 011 their cercili■ ares for a number of years;—an additional bounty of land was given to them, ready furveved and free from expence; and when the fundiiigfyftem took place, they had their 3 per cent, and de ferred debt made good to 6 per cent, by addi tional certificates from the Hate, which were afterwards tedeemed at about jo and 37 per cent, in hard money. In August 1782, a memorial from the fiatc of Pennsylvania called loudly on Congress for frelh exertions towards the settlement of all accounts, and making provision for the paying off the pub lic debt. It is supposed the army took the hint, and in December following, a deputation of field officers with a llrong memorial on behalf of the army, waited on Congress. The substance of their requcft was, ift. some prefenf pay—2d. a settlement of their accounts and fecurityfor their balances—and 3dly, a commutation of their halt pay for life ; as they found that the meainre was odious to their fellow-citizens, and would prevent the happy intercourse they expe&ed on their return to private life. The present pay and settlement of accounts were immediately provid ed for, and astofecurity for the balances, Con • grefs relolved, u as to what relates to the provid ing of security for what shall be found due on such settlement, that the troops of the United States, in common ivith all the creditors of thefame r have an undoubted right to expe<sl such security, and that Congress will make erery effort in tfteir power to obtain from the refpe&ive states sub stantial funds adequate to the objeA, &c. &c." As to the commutation, it Was urged on the part of the army, that five or fix years full pay was but a reasonable sum to make good their fuf ferings, not only on account of the deficiency at their pay, but also on other accounts, and that it wiukl be more agreeable to their fellow-citi zens, than that they ihould be pensioners for life. Mr. B. mentioned this from his memory, which he said was confirmed by the Journals of Congress of February 1783, when a resolution proposed, was prefaced in this manner: "Where as in consequence of the faithful services of the officers «f the aimy of the United States, and of their great [offerings y not only on account tf the defi ciency of their pay, but on other accounts, Congress have, by divers resolutions, promised them half pay, &c. &c. The want of money having been raised as an objection against this measure, the officers contended, that they expected nothing more than certificates for their balances, in the fame manner as other creditors of the United States had received. Congress finally determined to grant their request ; but to prevent the army from alienating their certificates at an under rate, and ( thereby affedting the public credit, it was proposed that they (hou'd not be made tranl ferablc. As soon as the delegation from the ar my were made acquainted with this, they spurn ed at the idea, and juflly a Iked if they were not freemen—if the balances were not their own property ; whether they had not the fame right to diipofe of their property as they pleased, with every other citizen ? They therefore insisted to be put on a footing with every other creditor who had received certificates. The r afoning was too forcible to be anlwered with propriety, and therefore Congress on the 22d March 1783, resolved, 4< That such officers &c. lhall be en titled to receive the amount of five years full pay in money or securities on interest at 6 per cent, per annum, as Con grefs {ball find nwft conveni ent, instead of the half pay promised for life; the faidfccuriiies to be such as Jhall be given to other crt driors of the United States, provided it is at the opti on cft.be tines of the rtfpehiveflqjes to accept or re fufe the fame." " That with regard to the retiring officers, the commutation, if accepted by them, Jhall he in lieu of -whatever may be norv due, as ivelt as what might hereafter become due. This commutation amounted to 4,500 dollars to a coloncl, and 2,400 dollars to a captain. (Debate to be continued. J Wednesday, January 23. A communication from the Executive of the ftate.of Maryland was read, by which it appears that William Hindman, esq. is clewed a repre-
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