foil or peffons whomlbver ; and that in cafe fnch (hip or veflel (hall be loft, or taken by an enemy, burnt, or broken up,or (hall be other wise prevented from returning to the port to which she may belong, the raid certificate, if preserved, lhall be delivered up, withm eight days after the arrival- of the matter, or p-rfon, having the charge or command of such fliip or veflel, within any diftrift df the Unit ed States, to the collector of such diftrift : And that if any fori igner, or any person or peribns, for the use and benefit of such fo reigner, (hall purchase, or other-wife become intitled to the whole, or any pare or (hare of, or intefeft in, filch (hip or veflel, the fame be ing within a diftrift of the United State-., the said certificate (hall, in such cafe, within se ven days after fuchpurchafe, change, or tranf fer of propertv, be delivered up to the collec tor of the laid ditlriaj and that if any fnch purchase, change, or transfer of property, (hall happen, when such (hip or veflel (hall be at any foreign port or place, or at sea, then the Paid matter, or person having the charge or command thereof, (hall, within eight davs after his arrival within any diftrift of the United States, deliver up the said certificate to the collector of such diftrift; and every such certificate, so delivered up, (hall be forth with transmitted to the Register of the Trea ftirv, to be cancelled, who, if the fame (hall have been delivered up to a collector, other than of the diftriifl in which it was granted, shall cause notice of fnch delivery to be given to the collector of the said district. [7o he continued.] LONDON, November 8. THE rnagiftratcs of Frankfort weie for ex torting the whole of the contribution from the Jews only. This brought on a remonstrance, not to those mean and contemptible tyrants who had long infultcd and pi.laged them, hut ro the French General, who very properly interfered, and not only prelerved the Children oj Ifraelirom ■this last ast of opprefßon from an infclent and illiterate magistracy, but procured them an im mediate restoration to those rights of which they had been for ages iniquitoufly and wantonly de- prived. The jews are now restored to the rank of manhood at Frankfort, and enjoy all the rights of freemen, to the no small mortification of their purfe-pioud opprellors, who no longer presume to elbow the persecuted race, and exclude them the peifecuted walks. Mr» Fox is fti'tl making up his mind about thequeftion of Parliamentary Reform. This is not to be wondered at, when we consider how flow that gentleman always was at reform of any kind. Grey is come up from the north, where the people have begun to look very black upon him. Mr. Fox, on his late (hooting p*rty, was fre quently heard to be humming the air in the Beg gar's Opera. " Which way (hall I turn me, " How (hall I decide ?" Whilfl thus he was musing, he was always fur* to mi ft his mark. A few days since, a journeyman carpenter, in pulling down the wainlcot ot a room in an old house at H end on, found concealed within the skirting boards, 700 guineas, of the coin of Geo. I. and 11. ChaflfsToxS bead "is taken down as a sign pojl —it may, however, very properly be fltuck up as a wcathcr-cock. A farmer in SufTex, pofleflTed of property to the amount of four thousand pounds, was lafl week committed to Horfham gaol by Lord Shef field, for sheep Healing ! N E W-Y O R K, Jan. 17. Extract of a letter from Loudon, dated the 12th of November laj}, " I am sorry to find tjiat 'your lace speculations in the American funds have not been so favorable as you wished and had a right 10 ex pedl ; the price here hashad little variation since my last, but I would advise you by no means to despair of their turning to a proper account ere long : 1 ground this opinion upon the best information, and you may reft afl'ured that the American Government and their National Charader are growing into great estimation, and the surprising in crease of their refonrces which are known here to every man of the finalleft information will establish yonr Public Credit ; and (hortly place it on a footing with that of any other government—The dis contents prevailing in this kingdom, and particularly in Ireland, fill many of the monied people with disagreeable apprelienlions ; and I know already fonte who have turn ed their eyes towards your funds ; and have it certainly in contempla tion to place their money capital in them, which they will certainly do if the public mind becomes a little more agitaied ; at any rare, yon may, I think, with fafety count up on a considerable rife, as there feeins a great probability of peace taking place between the powers at war on the continent. " The King of Prnflia will cer tainly change his fyfteni as it re gards France, and ir is not doubted that the Turks will he prevailed up on to declare war against the Em peror, and likewii'e the tyrant of Ruflia. Should the former continue his hoitile difpolition, and the lat ter a<Jl offenfively towards that re public, it is well known that the Turks, aided by the marine of France, will be very formidable to these two powers in that quarter of their dominions, and make fuchim preffions on those despots as may give a fatal blow to their greatness. " These circuniftances are well known here, —which, together with the new order of things, will have a proper weight with the bellige rent powers, and incline them ie rioufly to pacific measures; iu which sentiments they will be aided by this country, as well as Spain and Portugal, for very wife reasons. Upon the whole, I think it de'mon- Itrable that either peace or war will rife the credit of your stocks, much beyond what they have ever been in this country." For the GAZETTE of the UNITED STATES. Mr. Fen no, IF you regard your own profit, or the enter tainment of your readers, you will make an immediate and total reform in the conduct of your Gazette. Your profit depends on the falc of your paper, and the sale of it depends on its being adapted to the taste of your customers. The majority of men is composed of readers who are following their private affairs, and who care not a sous !or politics. There are antis who hate every thing but such slander oti .Congress men as will give vent ro the bile that i.s choking them. There arealfo a few zealous federalifts who fuffer perpetual fears for the over throw of all order, which they know would re* joice the hearts of the leaders of the anti-fa&on. — Now, Sir, is it not manifeft from this mode of clafling the newspaper readers, that prsife, however modest and well deserved, beftoved on the government and its officers, affords no sale for your paper ? Most men hale to hear any praise but their own. No, Mr. Fenno, turi a bout—Spice your paragraphs with (bnder on the Onjrrcfs men and officers of government. It will (barpen the flomachs of your readers. Your papers will be fought after and read vith avidity. Where is the harm even if you fliain the truth a little, to get at them—lf they betave well, the dirt will not (lick.—lt is doing fcnice to the cause of virtue to slander those who are devoted to its precepts. The good example is made the more conspicuous— Fill your pa>tr with abuse if you expect to fill your pockt'js wiih gold—To vindicate the measures of govern ment is an uphill bufmefs, which tires you a*d your readers—But the contrary being downhs, is rather a lecreation than a task. A goverfk mrnt the most prudent may sometimes commjt mistakes, and then you will be compelled to own t ; and if you know any palliation, to fuj - geft it, which is a difagjeeable thing But f you make war on a ministry, and pay little moje regard to matter ot fa£l than jutt enough to keep your credit tolerable, vou will never want a fub je£ of complaint. You may fay then whejn Congress does good, it is with a fly intention that evil shall come of it—and indifferent mat ters will bear a trifling twist, which will make them appear abominably crooked and vile. Be advised by a friend, Mr. Fenno, and as you throw the aqua fortis about you, it will cake off the skin wherever it falls—and then you may cry, fee what a rotten leprous administration go verns out country. My water is applied to take down the proud flefh. Thus you may bold of your patriotism, and get paid for having none. Perhaps this fyrt of merit will procure you a salary. CONGRESS. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. Thursday, January xo. S letch of the Debate on the Resolutions refpefling the Lean of the Balances due from the United Stales to the individual States. (CONCLUDED.) Mr. Clark said, when the resolutions were ftrft proposed, he thought no obje&ion would be made to them ; but he had heard fomethipg which had alarmed him, and that was, what fell from the gentleman from Pcnnfylvania, tljat there would be no debtor states—this, he said, alarmed him, as it appeared to convey an idea of the commifiioners for fetling the accounts, hav ing adopted the principle ; this, he conceived, they were not authorised to do. He further ob fcrved, that he did not think with those who fyp pofed that the deciTions of the commiHionfjr were n»t to be revised ; he was pretty sure they would be revised, if they adopted any such principle as this, which he considered as as in volving great injultice. Mr. Fitzfimons rose to explain; he said he was misunderstood; he had not said there would be no debtor ftates—Different principles of fet ling the accounts have been mentioned, but he had not said whether the commifiioners would fettle the accounts on the principle of debtor and creditor states, or make them all debtor or all creditor states. He had only givep his.q/uniin that there ought to he no debtor states. The question now before the committee is, whether the United States (hall pay the states in their corporate capacities, or pay the individual ere 270 ditors. He cor.ccived the gentleman was total ly mistaken in his opinion refpeSing a reviiion of the judgment of the commifiioners ; the law, lie said, had put that entirely out of the power of the legiflatiire- . , Mr. W. Smith said, that he conceived the pre sent proprofition had nothing to do with the the question refpefling debtor or creditor Hates; it relates (imply to a provision for the sums due to the individual creditors of the several states, who are really creditors of the United States. He noticed the objecftion from additional taxes; no difference, he contended, would result from the measure, the balances are to be provided for at all events. Th>t the present was the best time to take up the business, he observed, was well argued by the gentleman from Pen»fylvania, in addition to which he thought the allusion to the state of affairs on the representation bill by th; Sentleman from Maryland was direitly in point; the difficulties on account of the ratio were encreafcd, when the result of the eenfus was known ; and this would be the cafe if this business should be postponed to the time when the accounts are fettled—He therefore contend ed, that the present was the most proper time to make the provision contemplated. Mr. Smith noticed in order, the various obje&ions which had been made by several gentlemen, and con cluded that he trusted, from what he had said, it would appear that the proposition was entire ly dear of those difficulties which had been ur ged against it. Mr. J.»ivermore moved an amendment to the firft resolution ; the obje& of which was to ex onerate those states, who on a final adjustment of accounts shall appear to be debtor states. Mr. Gerry offered fame objections to this a mendment. Mr. Ames said, that the amendment appear ed to him irrelative to the fubjedt now under consideration; he hoped therefore, the gentle man would be induced to withdraw it. Mr. Madison observed, that when the a mendment was firft brought forward, he had supposed it merely sportive; but it n©w appears that the gentleman is serious in moving it. He thought it in this view a proposition that might well excite attention, for he conceived it an ex traordinary idea to be advanced, that any of the states who lhould be found debtor states, should be released from all obligations to pay. Mr. Sedgwick offered various observations on the fubjeft generally; the tenor of which was this, that however it might appear on the final adjustment of accounts, that there were sundry debtor states, yet it was hardly pra&icable to devise a mode of compelling payment from such states; nor could he colled it to be the opinion of any gentleman, that an idea of compulsion was entertained by any one. Mr. Livermore said, his motion was not un derstood; he had no idea of exonerating the debtor states in the manner suggested by several of the gentlemen who had remarked on it; by the explanation he gave of his motion it appear ed, that his objedt was the apportioning the ge neral charge, and to exonerate the debtor states from any demand against them, on account of the credit they were entitled to as members of the union, not to release them from their full proportion of the average charge of prosecuting the war. Mr. Mercer said, he was more and more con vinced that there was to be no debtor (fates; the proposition from the gentleman from New- Hanipfhire lays so; the resolutions origiaally moved, speak the fame language; the report of the secretary of the treasury is founded on the fame principle.—The meaning of all which is burn the books. Mr, Clark moved, that the commifiioners for fettling the accounts (hould be inftruiftcd to re port a statement of all the debts and credits of the several states. He reprobated the idea of making all creditor states, as he conceived the consequence would be a great encreafe of the balances to be provided for by the United States. The question was adjourned till the next day. TUESDAY, Jan. 15. The Petitions of ihc officers of me l»te army being under confidcration in committee of the whole—the following motion was made by Mr. Gerry, viz. " RefoTved, as theopinion of this committer, That provision be made for such officer?, non commiirioncd officers and soldiers of the late ar my of the United States, who received certifi cates for the balances due to them on a final set tlement of their refpettive accounts. Provided, that such provision shall not exceed the ditf. r ence between the nominal amount of the said certificates, and the real 4thAmu, eftimaied at the piel'em rates in the market, of the cHtificatis which are or mav be iffiied for thole fir ft menti oned, pursuant to an ast making provision for the debt of the United States." Mr. Clark moved an amendment, which was to insert in the fiid clause after the word " fni," all per/on s who have received liquidated ct' tificales jorfervices rendered or Jupplies Jurnjhtd during the late war, and. On i his motion to amend, Mr. Hartley made the'following ohfctvations—^ I wifiied that a qurllion upon the prayer nf the petitioners might he fairly taken, without any'embarfafTmem 01 Conncftion with another -- Let us consider and difcufsthe claims of the officers and I'oldicrs ol the late artny, and either grant them, or dismiss their petitions with de ccnry. The gentleman from New-]erfcv yrflerdav came forward with a resolution, cxprefling that the ptaver of the pet'tioners could not be 'grant ed—lf this was confident with his opinion, it was candid —he appeared openly to avow his fentinunts I cannot fjy quue (o much in his fav'ir to-dav, lor withdrawing his motion. Indeed, the motion p.eftnt'ed by the gentle, man from MafTachufetts. comes lorwaid'... so queflionahle a (hape, that lam a , a !„f, know who arc lnentlsor tnernieito the ohj. 6\„ ol the petitioners. J To adopt the proposed amendment. I consider as death to the motion on the :alU—,t embraces ton much —it eontrm pUtn whit the aWlitin »f hi* country arc nut competent to. I hope u will not be agreed to. The officers and foldicrs attempt to (hew that there is a diftin&ion between their cafe and o- che« citizens ; bcfidts what they have to hopt From the bounty and magnanimity of the nation. It may not be amiss ior me here to mention, that I have never had a certificate, and that I a m not personally intereftcd in the queition —1 *a» an officer part of the war, but have nothing aflc for here. I consider that the otficcrs soldier? have a clainnof jufticc as well as equity, besides what they might expect from the magna nimity of the nation. I ffiall fajf but a few words on the. fuffcrin« and diftrefc of the aimy; thry wcr* , nd u< #/ampled in the history of mankind—Thoic who are now prcfent, and wcie eklirt in thcea. binet or field, mutt know the fotce of my ob. fervation. I will not detail the fceneaot mist. ry exhibited during the war. To fuppoit the rights and libertiesof thecouc try,officers and foldien freely entered into the ' fcrvice —In the year 1776 the officers, had half. * pay; in the year 1777 the pay was nominally in. | creased. but unfortunately depreciation came 00, and their a&ual compenfaiion was less than tba. year before. T have a refpefl for a militia-man, bin his cafe cannot becompaicd in point of difficulties aud danger to that of the officer and folder—the former occajiooally called forth—the latter con stantly at the post of danger and duty. Thore was certainly an inequality in their which ought to have been qornpenfated lor to the soldier. The officer who was married, though hecouJd meet the dangers of the field yet could not view with fortitude the poverty and misfor tune which threatened his family. Congress had made no piovifion to grant half pay to the officer* (who fhouid serve to the end ol the wai y nntil~fbiftr time itfrtrc yegr i /7ft— — Several officers who were well attached to the catife, owing to their necrotics and thecircum fiances of their families, were obliged to resign. The commander in chief saw the evils which threatened his country and the army ; he stated them to Con<rrefs; fomeftrdng promises and apv pearances werr ahfolutcly neccffary on the pat t of government, or the army wouTd rut be kept together. Thcfe were made in rUe most soli rt n manner. Many officers and -foldte*s were re- tained Depreciation fli:1 conuriued—The soldier, hungry and forlorn, wtsoW'geri to take the pa per that was offered him by the government. This was not in general thecaCe with the farmer; the latter moll commonly parted will) his pro pert*' voluntarily. One kind of paper followed another during the war. Each depreciated ; hut itill Congrefc., by repeated resolutions fin ordpr to induce the officers ?nd foldiersto remain at their port) en gaged that they fbould be compensated at the end of the war. Certificates oF different kinds were iflfued ; and I belfevc Cotngrcft artd the whole American world, exue&ed they were to be paid in tyfccie as fo#»n as theie wsWltiy tjr vernment. And I l\illthirik there is a differ ence between their claims and thofeof the other citizens. At the firft feflion of Congress ander the pre sent government, the House resolved that they would fupportthe public credit ; ?nd Urongex prcflions were used. This gave great confidence to the public ; certificates were enhanced in value, and many of them had puffed into the hands of strangers, under the faith of government; fothat when the funding bill pafled, nothing could be done without the consent of the holders. I wished exceedingly for an opportunity to give mv aid in favor of the officers and loldiert who had served to the end of the war. It was a voluntaty ast in the holder to fu". * his debt at about four per cent, and it appeais there is a considerable saving to government out of ihe earnings of* the officer and soldier, and which may fairly and honorably be granted to them. I mean to reach this. Those who concur with me in sentiment, to be againtfc the amend* ment now under consideration, and assist to alter the motion so as to embrace the objects we have in view. f Deba't tn be comtjiiurd.) FRIDAY, January 18. A report on the petition of Ezekiel Scott, in favor of the petitioner, was read, and" laid on the table. The following engrofled bills were read the third time and patted, viz. A bill to con tinue in force for a liinitted time, and to a mend an ast providing the means of inter course between the United States and foreign natiori<;. A bill for determining the northern boundary of the territory ceded to the United States, by the state of North-Carolina ; and a bill to regulate trade and intercourse with the Indian tribes. i On motion o£Mr, Pitzfimons, the resoluti on laid on the table a few da\*s since by Mr. Hartley, was referred to a committee of the whole for Wed.iefday next, viz. Resolved, that a committee be appointed to prepare and bring in a bill, providing half pay for 7 years to the widows and orphans of fnch officers of the army of the United States, as have been killed since the 3d day of June 1784, or which may hereafter be killed in the service of tbe United States. In committee of the whole, on the bill to compensate John Tucker* Mr. Key, in the chair, Mr. Sedgwick moved to fill the blank with 509 dollars. Mr. Tucker's petition stated that his actual expenses in attending on court five different times, amounted to three hundred dollars, and that he paid nine dollars for a leal for the circuit court of Rhode-lf land. The motion was opposed ; it was said that it wouldeftablifh a dangerous precedent for the government to pay the voluntary expens es of an applicant for an appointment under the United States ; and that in the present cafe the aftnal services only ought to be com* pen fated according to the provision made by a fubfecjuent law. In reply it was said that it
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