(StizdU A NATIONAL PAPER, PUBLISH*!) AND -SATURDAYS BY JOHN F£NM, No. 69, HIG H-SIAiU, PHILADELPHIA [No. 43, of Vol. IV.] FOR TllE GAZETTE Of THE UNITED STATE?. THE REPUBLICAN.—No. V.. THE friends of good order maintain that no thing buL,a£taal op pi rtjjcm will f>wke 2 go vernment. Befieviog tfot power in the hands of the'people themselves, cxercit'ed by t'WiY. respon sible feivama,- will nevefr farbifly just occafm 1 for its Q\vp lub*fer&q»V they: crtttfider our pt>vittcaj <J*>n» ' dition as faf;ly founded on 4 rs>tk. i'-bf-y Mgb at the malice of those whom tn*y fee employed to undermine ir.. They fu&r t tlff r.i to fcat-ter lies among tfrd people; witifour irking the pains to ..expotfe 4 hem. rt that zfc tto«i imposed by Ctf ng, r ets are li 2j t thieadva jU 3 a e s s ps ucj 11 tff d by :he new ce'ri(tit«it:cri ire :;iCi <'r,d iqct \mi", j ik) rreaTh'avm -wilFbe cforte. Tfie Ibrcc ofths'ngs, fhey Cay, will overpower ar.d'conloifnd'thepro fl'tgut 'arts, and pun y.f ogevp{ » he enemies <»f the people. Accordingly, we dee thai the beiihnends 61 the new conliilulion have lit,come States "Tnattebtive to the bale methods which ill adW»ftriW are irtduftri outiv u(in<g -to. bring ir uhey have 11.-01 too long, if the principle on which they rfrfi hope s'of national fec'nt it yhe found 10 its application to our cireumfla'nccs in the lead qucf ironable. w It u?ay; he liMf that i/> every, other conntYy the feeing of oppjcflion only can rouse the multitude ko reliftanee. It rulers will Jceep within joy to lerable bound's, tranquillity may be maintained jW®it>li<k(b aiv« ry bad tyftem. No man on rt-flec tivn \fyijlfay." nhitihe lame rcmatk.is applicable Anjerican nation. Lcfs governed by their ngs, i) 0 more capable or 'eafmtng, they are bv rhe forefront, 61 evil's as an/ bner.people Have been,bv *#unlly ft>fferin£ them, [si; hot to make themjtel oppreflkm, i( fnyu < :jmake the»n f,ear the^eftgn*of jjieii ix ;, .e them to level the be ft ce sflwhtfWft te.tt ur* with he dull. ' ' " Ir is in vain to fay that » rear'rrni'rtg pfopTe are |W. *45 k tf*4r Mrtjrftrt dcjftruflive errors. n ! The' rea| | /w\in^t3 c nrir -iis,%eil state, not even u hoj exo( \ f A on J'uVjt £ts the, mo ft: fufuep- vt'f ff. hnyv grofslv an indwi tdiifct uiNTt'jfts hnd dUtVrt', wFn?n he (uywnntrt bi( trri facult^es and applirs all h?s in dtiUi/y che invfUjgW'twi oi thi/iii. )IV natron is infinitelv more txpofeH to dpU«Con. The want Of Imny of Views',' 'he want of proofs,' ar»d 4he < inline .-<• ix.im'nc 2nd weigh them, nif IheAv could' he come as, Tender ine filfl.AorxCfjftjpiirftf uojlit-Mffl. jtri|tb ejDtceilitigly etuae. £xperierire in'iecd comrj and puts its seal up6n otji'ilicms and event's-—Bnt it -is a kind cf after-thoiight—it Ihews theTcari of those vyaund >tfhixrh ;poptd>r frenty has made deep, and its ve - no"m has pauiVd. ro gingrcne. The chance how ever that a thinking nation will npt tun mad, is nifefy favorable to liberty and order. It is a duty which w-e owe the government, as as a moral duty -whith we owe to min, to multiply ai?d improve the means of education. Our rciVclions, af":r being led into this as Veil as our rccol'e&ion of the (ou'cs of th'-. 1 att wir, wi'Fl convince us that a£lual opprefTion need not be fullered 'tor cfcfpofe our people to fubvea .thegovernment fuopofed to mediiate it. If we regard facts merejy, probacy ol all known fvftems of cofonial government, that of Britain was th< toiWcft and the most truly maternal. But il wc attend ti prinripilc«, notie wascver more Formida ble. The ciaim of a rt|;ht to bind lit in all cases whatfocvcr, was of all theories of d'fpotifm the "ttn'ft indifcritt and the mod unlimited. We ought to be proud of thf* good fefife of our people >*}iidh did not wait for the e*ercife of Uris claim tx> be convinccd ps its nature. But wc ihouid be ! 'peijfuadcd by the fa&, that Jess than intolerafbh I '•opprtfTion will overthrr»w a g/wfipmehti To this reaYonfng founded on the mo»at fuperi- ; <irrty of Americans over the greateV part of the world, we may add the divcrfiy of our habit®. To nations who have grown grey-uoder bad fvftems, the very vices of their governments seem ule is fec6nd nature, is ? proverb. We may a!mr*ft fay it i* tnc.ii powerrtil than na- for it controuls it. Ccntarics have paffid lince-the theories of European governments were framed. Some opprcitive change ( f .adminiftra tirrn seems nect Haty to change the obedient habits of nations. Is rhe cafe of AmWica similar? If •we bav'c fixed 'habits,tbev arf'the habit4of change. We have fcarccly grow n co-id in any of-onr fnftt tutions. Our governments smell even vet ot the hands that made them, of the yeast of tnat fadion "which leavened the m-afs. On these topics mu<b might l>e said. Butwith cut dilating on them, much will be thought. The intention of these remarks, is to convince tht*friends of the conilitution that they repose in a state of lalfe security. rely on a principle which is only partially true in oOr country. It is time for them to roufeand to oppose the wicked arts of the enemies of the constitution with that maql.y and watchful fpvi;t 9 which, for the happiness and honor of otir country, pro •curedHos adoption Men are employed to Iteal tlvis blcflirig Ivom the people. Rumours that ean neither L be proved nor refuted, are spread on all fides. Calumny on men and m lies hid, like an afLiflin,. in bye places. Refinance to the laws is optrily threatened tn the back parts ol Pennsylva nia, and in one Gazette that Cpirit is most impu denily applauded. The middle order of society, the mm who have fomt property and families to protect, are the mifttes ai'd keepers of the consti tution—os the liberties of our nation. To them it belongs to come foiward to the po'ft of duty whicK ihcy occupicd when the ccnilitution was in Saturday, October. 27. 1792- 4ts ptffagf. Tb* f*9*Mjrninrnt on- thciri fdr protetbion, and in turn their iccuiity arwi that ot tfjei'r children and p»operiy rei*s 0.1 the «? re i < .v a - t'Of los the govfitnent. : ft'ney nfeglcft 10 fup pojt aillMor-ty when they fee it as at preTcnt arr liuily undermined aftd iniolenily braved, tfcfcy may have cause/to lament llrctr fupmenels whi-p it will be too Ut£. pcl cnen wtrc a* jflte.otive 10 hip port.free as'bad men arc to fubvertj it, we'might intniifi the hope of tranfmitiirig it j as -a jj"toJouß inhr* itance to our lat eft pofterify.-— Ai. aai&ptis, when irifttitferf, e?fiiv over-; power iheir /oundcl): opinions,. it,, >s jieceifary tpl bahuicjt one emotion by another, to oppose the *ea! xjt good merf for order'aiM jjWveynmer.'t to the 'dVlefi sftlvlw of inceftdiarietf. tire former, ; qntcfnpiai'e #hjc exceil-entc of-the conftisvtinn. I The pepple of f ranee ar? riikingall, {or o»£ of lefi, w'oiihr— and \*hileour patriots fee in that 'mage' of o'ir cSutnry all that cart idtfiett their b'tf"c6\iojis> let th4#i jefolv-a t-ri witch and if •neceirafry, to defend .it* f #orthe time -if.coming vrhenithr evil spirit of politics will be unchained, and met) will have to chuff whether they will prefer order, the law and the eonflitution, 6t anarchy # c'onlufipn and civil dtfeord. Opi .THp UtSCQVtRY 1 OP KItA An Option, dilivereiky Mr. ]c ftp A Rrri, of thitCuy, at the late annivet fary Commencement held at F/riice- W*};<Wt7hj|fejr..' * '' "" r ''\ ' , ! AT tfii eloftof .rcrntury tfie trtiitif ly Jed.to of S:iy great e-rcntjuthich marked its cominenccintnl. N«- tiuns have qhofen, at fucli ; |fcri<nb, to jdifttn guifli with peculiar grandeur, tbe commemo ration of those event.*; from whence they fiate •their'birth,their h.-ippindft, oi''their glory. Such' we're the fceuJnr games' it Romfc, celebrated hut fcttC it an hundred' years, which eihdnftid the re/burces of art, and to whjeii ai! ttie -citi- v P'te ofahemHlf f«m ltlonTriff them to a .fight they ucres fecii be fore, aiW flio'ukrWver lee again. Rut what is the foundation of a city, thfc of an empire, or the ceafihgofi plßjtie, compared wi-tji $bp difcoverv ef a world ? Yet ttife have been often celebrated, while, the yew (bventeen hundred and 92, a year which completes the third century fmce tbe difcqvery of Americat pallet almtift unnoticed—a' tfirc'o'ver'v which fUnds lor®<ndft among the works of geltim-; whkh oncefillrd.ttie world with aftortlfhmeot, apd mull forever command the adiniratiofloi the phi\o!qphi,c Yet the fpirjt ofColum bu-, V hile from his empyreal height he surveys, the rifi'ng of this new world, fees 110 flatues ereifted, no IriftVipfrons made, no ho nors decreed to ielebrate this great evtnt.— Illustrious shade ! iny feeble »oice at least (hall announce thy pxaile ; and tbis'enlightened au dience, kindling at thy name, will iufcrihe up ■on their heart 1 the honors due to thine exalted worth! True tfeniiis ft a ray of divinity, Which beam only on the tall and elevated mind.' A capaci ty for bold and original diTcoverv reTembles th< "power of creation ; and its polTeiror jl&fcd a bove the re(t of mankind, approximates to tht Deity. Such was the celebrated Columbus.— AecuftorHed from his Voiith to adventurou voyages he often cast an inqhifitive eye on th« inimenfe ocean to the wefly which, for ages, hat been deemed the impalfibie boundary of the ha jitab'e wor.ld. Ignorance and superstition fpreac ill their over the unknown abyh, anc inevitable deftru&ion Teemed to await {;h€ wretch -who ftiottld venture to expWrt it. Bui Colqmbus elevating hitafelf above the erron and prejud : ce* of his age, and collecting th« Scattered ravs of knowledge which fairly illir; ruinated,the close of the 15th century, she of unknown lands beyond tjie At lantic, and boldjy the poflibility ol reaching them. / Acquainted f-eJin'oui" ear lie tl yean with the improvements in geography anc lavigaticyi,.. it is difficult, at firft fight, to com ire end all the greatness of this bold and ori< rinal idea. To realize its magnitude, let u« nark how it was received by philosophers and cings, when CoUimbns, eager to ascertain it? :ruth, solicited the pati on?.ge of different courts, in Genoa, his native city, he was treated witli ill the contempt with which wealthy jgnorance ieards the suggestions of unpatfoni/.ed geuius. n the more enlightened colirt of Portu;jal hi" •Mipo'als were pronouncedtd be chimerical ami ibfurd. In Spain we find him encountering he prejudices.of falfe fc : ence, and w:dt:ngfive ong years in fruitlefs attempts to ciigaten the cho!ai;s and . ecclesiastical cou ifetlors who domed the court of Ferdinand and Isabella. 3ut the idea was too v'aft for these philosophers o comprehend ; and it Teemed to require a ge lius like that of Columbus hinifelf, to addpt a cheme To bold and uncommon* Moitified and reappointed, lie retired from court j and that ge was 111 danper of lollng a diTcovery at once on.-jrab'e and advantageous. But to the honor t' jtmile dilcernment be it told,that while eve y male monarch regarded Columbus as art idle d venturer, the generous ITabella dared to pa ronize and support him. Inspired with a no lle enthiiiiafin in his cauTe, while her narrow ninded husband withheld his aid, Hie offered to iledge lev jewels to equip him for the voyage, Vomati, modest, unafTuming woman, fliares ult'thi glory of this great difcovery—•while 169 man, pr©uri, fcientjfcc ww., ftatfds in the prefenceinf her fupertor • It' there be an object truly sublime in nature, it is Cohunbus on his voyage to America ! To nfe the language of antiquity, it is a .fight which the Gods tftbtnielves might behold with plea- Air#. Oil this very day, the 26th of September, 1492, he had advanced above 700 leagues weft wafd of the Canary Ulands. There we behold hii» in the midst of the pathlels ocean, with three small and ill-constructed • efleh, steadily exploring his way where never mortal had ad ventured betfbre. Amidst: dangers sew and tin expend, amioft appearances of nature* to a mariner the inoft alarming, aqdifurrounded by the terrors and fliperllitioii of his fojlowers, we behold djifp.layinj* the most unihajcen forti tituug ; now Toothing their fears, now 1 epref frng their mutiny, and by pati6n.ce and fup&rior adcfirfefs eftnbliihing that afceridency over their minds which genius alone can acquire. But in ; a voyage so Iqng the resources of Columbus were at length His officers tkemfelves were in clef pair ; and this wOjitjerful man was perhaps the o'nTy bnt whose hopfes remained firm and nnftiaken. Unable to teprefs any longer the terrors oJfllls crew, he is obliged to promlfe that if land.does not appear in thrde dayj, lie will change his com it? and return to Europe. I What an intere£ing period t a period which Is ' to decide lipon. his fortune and his fame forever ' —■whrch is to'ftanrp rmfoortality upon his name, or give him back to the feoffs and wdlctite of the world I Methinks I fee him in this foicmh Jading upon the forecfcftle of the Santa M ir'ia- ir is midnight—but not an eye is do ted—not a found is neaid, lave thai of the winds ;Vvd of the' v.M o .—every look is anxioully cult to the and dtftruft ane painted on tae faces of his crew ; whilfe confi dence and l ope frill animate that of Colum- ? y.'hat is t ' !at %vl,ich lie cries 10 mptnln and points out to thole who are near hfm? "What shout is that which bursts from the crew of the foremoft ship ?—'Tisland —'Tis iand 1 The .predictions of Columbus are acconypjiihed a new woi d is found, morning Jjght ujjfolds to their eager-eyes-the verdant fields of Guanihnnj. On I what.a iro ment for Columbus ! I fee tke rapture which glows bn his ttfeek—-the tear ef joy whfen glif ftfns in hi®eye. I-feiehlm aflfeiftidnately railing up .hi* fi|jl<>wsrs,. who prostrate themffelvei al his feet, overwhelmed with aftpniflunentj and imploring his forgivenefs. I fee him gazing on the simple native, who crowd, to the fhorc,and wonder at the winged monflers which swim on tlie ftitface of the deep. 1 fefc him anticipate the aftonifinuent of Europe—the triumph of hi: re turn—the fpjendor 1 of his reception—the ap plaufeof-his-cotempcyjaries, and the admiratioi of ages to come. This this fmgl< moment, overpays him for al! his toil and dii tress, for eight years of mortification and cor tempt, and gives him those ftibllme ttanfpor.t which it is the pterogative of genius to enjoy. (To be covcludcd :n our V£*t>J. i| FOR Till GAZETTE , t Of 7 HE V.SITED STATES. STRICTURES on AMERICANUS. M R . FEN NO, AMERICANUS (in thinks he has found f'oinp errors, which he has fMgmatfzc'd in my ftate menff dl*Offi?. to. tte set; oiit with calling on me to point out the Clause of the ast which I the oficer an authority to enter on the domains <ps iirdiyitiuals iearclT them, d:c. I'an aver—- r. T'.ir I argued from the nature of the fub jeft, riot'from any ftututd relating to it, and of course he ha? ito right td calf cM me Jot a sta tute which J have no whfefc referred to or faicl aiix tiling about t ji>ut 2cf, Notsc-itlillanding I ;*m \villjng to comply his calif arjd refer lr.mj to a<ft of Congttft nf Mrlrch' 3,1791, Se^fc.32 —the words and meaning of which are very e*)/refs in caie of concealments u in any plate whatever"— The officers ps .infpe&ion and others are author ized 44 to enter into all and eve>y fneb place or places, ,y &c. and all the prov.lions (whj|ph are to be found in the feftion jyftr quoted and in sundry other datifes of our Jaw ) aguinft tlie abujc oi this odious hlfultirig power of the excifip officer, all t'nele pro villous I f4f clearly pfove and jfupport Uie a* wfl fxijlcnce Cf that floa tr, while at the lame time they ajlcviate but.very little the afpe ities of its execution. If I must meet an c*cile olricer at ipy door with his plenary powers to enter and fearcb everv part of my !>of»'e, I that the warrant in -hi*; psfeketor tfle tonJiaMe at his heels, would afford very little Ut incut compofitre to • my harrowed feelings ; indeed I would rather ! the exciie otfjtfer would come alone than with bii ionJfat/e ; if 1 jmuft receive intuit,! would raj ther take it from ont than from mors, from fiu> than from m..ny. I -kiMw 1 firrf *elf that fucli high power*, it «efas efhigK-nfrtiEty mbft rtlft in eve;ry go veroaMiit, l>watft«Oglydfcjeft>to theii 1 fecinfe made crai/nqaftr tjeing onr nitrocfelcM) Witfi ou't to l>igh ncceffity as ntalte tbeiii 'swi««Bisw. - ;; jf.n tr i • 1 'H**ie*r of iriy Ajetticn to tbb $0 [Whole No. 365.] excise, gtotnried t>n the tXQinft of <Wltsi*g u. The immense nurohet r,f officers and Im plements which must be provided and feattered aver eVcry part of the Union must nnavotriably create a very enormous expense, the afhial a mount of which, mutt in its nature be a niat [ ter of conjectural calculation, fill a ftafsahent I of falls can be made.—Some jiewpje in their I calculations, t>r gueffifs, if you please, have eiti i mated the annual expense of colleltUnof the ex- I cife and thegrofs aitfountof the I tafc at 400,000 (foliars, which makes the er.- 1 penfc of collection J2£ pr. cent, on the nett I proceeds of it, and I believe thh cakuiatroo ! very moderate, betaufe Cortgrefs m thci* alt of ! May 10, 1791, limited th« whole alliance for j this service, fothat it shall Hot exceed JQfiyy I dollars for the time being, i. e. till a future I law fnall be made to felter it. In the fame a£: I it is Hated that the allowances to officers toge ther with the incidental expenses of colle&ing the duties ihall not exceed pr. cent, of the total product of the duties which is Something more thah'3 pr. cent, on the nett'proceed*; but I conceive this is not ttef:*n<*d to iuclude all the expenses of the ekctte,- if tins was the cafe, it would not amount to half the fua which is pro vided and appropriated by. Congress to that fervice —but wtren a ltatement of facts can be made, I fhall*be very \yefl f^tist^dHtjii'; expense of reducetj lower.tha;ijr> &x ---pet'Vcd, for I n&vtr yet 1 cared a".approaching calamity but I was find when it came, that it proved trot quite sb Wd zj 1 4 ap prehended. - ' • But what has jdl this to do which Atne*i(anns c?hav£ef bn me l — "I heard a calculation was made of 42 for collecting the excilc, I told it as I freaid it, I made no imiYejSreferiiation of It, and I am not accountaWt'ibr the tnfctli of it, nor have I any more right to be called on to Verify, that, tfran a tfioufaitd .-other calculations ion public, mea sures, which ar,c made every day through all the Statc:; ar.d tis happy that our people are disposed to feic/i&me and calculate, for were it not so, fcur *£tivfcVhfneht \v6uld soon lole its principalch4ik4 and We -flioufd have biit ame bic barntjv left frgaiofta Tory fpeefy tyranny. 3 Or. to another ehMge of mifreprejoitation, viz. my assertion tha£.the pub lic faith was pledged in the molt foleinn manner to the original publfc creditors—arcL was not this the plain fall ? or havfr mltfeprtfent ed in the leaf}: I Ent he fays there \\iafra fi&fe quent plighting of the piiblic faith loathe afHg 1 iees or holders of the certificates, not be violated. 1. I a&j \Va* p&yihent ever made to the ori ginal creditors, according to the flighted faith of the public to tlieirf? -You itiuft Taj^'No! they neyer received afiy thingbut depreciated paper, worth fay one of the fym dye t;o them. 2. I alk, were the original creditoij ever party to the certificates? You muff answer, No! the certificates 'Wti not tbo't of when the contrail dzs> made by the firft &iithorrty t>f the nation with tbepuhfilc feerji ficates were .fabricated and iinprffed on them long lijterand without their free consent. When a certificate was offered to them, it was that, n t.oZhihg. St36li in. inipofition in ai?y individual, would be deeded'liy every body imfvdcnt wpf tictt w-eJJ ias Jhatoclijs tyetitohefs and can yeu caJl the,4amc thiiig in a nation, an or pine, lie jujlict tyrf national honor ?. Or can you liich a forced trick can be deemed either pyr vient to those creditors, or a dijchaigc of the na tion, from their promise, or fiith folefrimy plighted ? so this fecoud promise or faith plight ed to the. <*r bearers oi cojFtificate?, which Awfucarui talks about, ii <u.ch a thinj ever Really e'xihed, (which 1 deny) it niuft sol* low that as far as the demands of the fpecitfa- there must have been (wo promises oy faiths plighted for the lame debt, and the fame money, which he thinks can't both be paid, and I think so too, and of [tourfe one oi them is to be preferred, and the other iacriftced. This naturally leads us to consider the origir nal merits, earnings, and valuable confedera tions, on which the' two promKes were at lirft grounded | and to prefer that which appears to have thp best original foundation, and to rej-ft the other, the original balis oi which (to fay no worle) \Vas but a delusive vifior. To apply all this to the nrefent cafe r. Tiie promi r e or public faith plighted to the original creditors, wa¥ grounded on their lYioft acknowledged meiits and earnings, granted tor fupplie? jprviccs rendered by them to our country in extreme diftreJs—-to vvho f e virtue and efforts we aYe indebted ior all the money we now enjoy, yea, for the very walls of the house in which we have fat deliberating whethe. we would pay them or not. 2. The promise made to tbe.fpeculatots (if any was made) was grounded on no original merits, earnings or valuable cons deration paid or rendered to any body, or so muth as field up or pretended hy them. They frf> tlieinfelve^into theobfblete purviev ofapnb'tc ast, and by rhe most fhameleis fophiltry which ever insulted the understanding oi a nation, let up a claim to v. which they never earned, to hire, when they had not and to re wards, without any pretenfovs to th£ viraJes and merits to which they were due.
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