A NAIIONAL PAPER, PUBLISHED WEDNESDAYS AND SATURDAYS BY JOHN FEN NO, No. 69, HIGH.STREET, PHILADELPHIA 7~7" I [No. 22, of Vol. IV.] Treasury Department, NOTICE is hereby given, that propofalj will be received at the oHice of the Secretary o! the Treasury, until the twenty-ninth day of Sep tember next inclusive, foi the fuppiy of all Rations which may be required for the use of the United States, from the firil day of January to tne thirty firft day of December, 1793, both days lnclufive, at the places, and within the diftritts herealter mentioned, vis. At any place or placcs betwixt Yoik-Town anH Carhfle.in the (late of Penn{ylvaii'3,aiid Pittlburgh, and at Piufburgh, York-Town and C-uliHc. At any place or places from Pit.tib.urgh to th< mouth of Bier Beaver Creek, and at the mouth o, Big Beaver Creek. At any place or places from the said mouth to the upper falls ot the said Big Beaver, and at the upper falls. At any place or places from the said upper falls to Mahoning, and at Mahoning. At any place or places from the said Mahoning over to the Head Navigation ot the River Caya hoga f and at the said H-ad Navigation. At any place or places from the said Head Na vig<»i!.)M t'> (he mo.ith of ihe said River Cayahoga, and at the said mouth. At any place or places betwixt the mouth of the Big B ver Creek to the mouth of the River Muik igum, nd up the said River to the Tufca- TO;v,;<;, and at th Tufcarowas, and thence over to the Cayahoga R.ver, and thence down the said River jo its mouth. At any place or places betwixt the mouth of the River Mufktngum and the mouth of the Scioto River, and at the mouth ot the said River Scioto. At any place or placcs betwixt the mouth of Scioto River and the mouth of the Great Miami at the moutii ot rhe Great Miami, and from thence to ihe Rapids or the Falls of the Ohio, and at the said Rapid.o. A' any place or places betwixt the mouth of the Great Miafrii, up the said Miami to and at P que Town. At anv place or places from Fort Washington to Fort Hamilton, and at Fort Hamilton. At any place or places from Fort Hamilton to Fort St. Clair, and at Fort St. Clair. At any place or places from Fort Sr. Clair to Fort Jeffcrfon, and dt Fort Jtfcrfon. At any placc or places from Fort Jcfferfon to the field of art ion of the 4:11 of November, 1791, and at the said field of action. At any place or places from the said field of a£hou to the Munn Villages, and at the Miami Villages. At any place or places from the said Miami Villages 10 the Falls of the Miami River, which empties into E»ie, and at the fdid Falls, and from thence to its mouth, and at its mouth. At any place or places from the mouth of the said Miami River of Lake Erie to Sandufky Lake, and at Sandufky Lake. At any place or places from the said Sandufky Lake to the mouth of the River Cayaboga. At any place or places from the mouth of the said River Cayahoga co Piefque Isle, and at Prcfque Hie. At any place or places from Prefque IHe to the liream running into Like Erie from towards the J.idaghque Lake, and thc-nce over to and at the laid Jadaghque Lake, and thence down the Alleg hany River to Fort Franklin. At any place or places from Piefque I lie to Le Bens, and at Le Bcuf. At any place or places from Le Beuf to Fort Franklin, and at Fort Franklin, and Irom thence to Pittsburgh. At any place or placcs from the Rapids of the Ohio to the mouth of the WabaQi River, and from the mouth of the (aid Wabafti River to the mouth of the River Ohio. At any place or placcs on the Eafl fide of the River MiffilTippi, Irom the mouth of the Ohio jßiver, to the mouth of the lUionois R'ver. At any place or places on the E.ilt lidc of the MifiiHippi, between the mouth of the Ohio and the River Margot inclufivtly. At any place or places from the said River Mar got to the River Yazous inclusively. At any placc or places from the mouth of the Jaid Wabalh River up to Fort Knox, and at Fort Xnox. At any place or places from Fort Knox, up the feid Wabalh, to Quiltanon. and at Ouittauon. A', any place or places from Ouittanon, up the said Wabafh, to the head navigation of a branch thereof called Little River, and at the said head navigation of Little River. At any place or places from the said head navi gation of Little River over to the Miami Village. At any place or places from the mouth ol the River TeiiclTee to Occochappo or Bear Creek, on the said River, inclusively, At any place or places from the mouth of the River Cumberland to Nilhville, on the said River, ana at Nafhvillr And at any p! acc m places within thirty miles o fa.ii Nalhvillc to the Southward, Weftvmd or Northward thereof. Should any rapons be required at any places, or ■wiihm other d:ltri£ts, not Ipecified in theie pro posals, the price of the fame to be hereafter agreed On betwixt tiie public and the contractor. The rations to be supplied are to coufift of the following articles, viz. One pound of bread or flour, One pound of beef, or £ of a pound ol poik, Hall a jill of rum, brandy or whilky, One quart of fair, > Two quarts of vinegar, ( Two pounds of soap, P er 100 raJ,ons « One pound of candlcs r ) Ihe rations are to be furnifhed in such quanti ties as that there (hall at all times, during the said term, be fufiicient for the consumption of the troops at each of the fa'.d polls, for the fpaceof at ieaft three months in advance, in good and whole* fotne provisions, if the fame shall be required. It is to be understood in each cafe, that all lofTcs sustained by the deprtdotions of the enemy, or by means of the tro >ps of the United States, thai I be paid lor at the pi ices of the articles captured or de itroyed, on the depofinons of two or mor? credita ble charaflers, and the certificate of a commiflion ed officer, ascertaining the circumstances of the loss, and the amount ot the articles for which com penfat;on is claimed. Aucust 10, lyqs 1 he contract for the above supplies will be made either for one year, or for two years, as may appear eligible. Persons disposed to contract will there fore confine their offers to one year, or they may their propositions so as to admit an election ol the term of two years. The offers may comprise all the places which have been fpecified, or a part of them only. REFLECTIONS on the STATE of the UNIOX. A N enquiry into the knowledge or /kill, affi a. A. duity, economy, or frugality, and good management with which the several defecti ons of citizens in the United States pursue their employments, has never been made. The fub jeft is copieus, and would require much previ ous enquiry and detail. It is not intended, therefore, in this place to attempt a develope mentofit : yet it may be serviceable to be stow up 0:1 it a few brief reflections. The learn ed profellious will not be brought into view, as tney are not ftrktly of the nature of the obieft contemplated. The planters, the farmers, the merchants, the navigators, the fifliermen, the ihipbuilders, the manufacturers and the mecha nics, with the perlbns immediately employed by tnem, are all which are conceived to be comprehended in the fubjeft. The body of the planters, that is, those who cultivate tobacco, rice, indigo, and cotton, are, as a general de scription of cultivators, the bell informed in regard to the object of their particular pursuit, though it is manifeft that they have abundant | matter for increased attention in perfecting | their cultivation, in ascertaining those species ! of their valuable plants, which are molt excel lent, molt certain, and most productive, in the improvement of tiieir implements of hulbandry, in the acquisition of auxiliary implements and machinery, in perfecting the modes of curing their produce, and preparing it for market, and particularly in the attainment of an adequate substitute for the ordinary species of labourers, a supply of which has become precarious. It appears to be worth their considering, too, as well with an eye to profit, as humanity, whe ther an advantageous variation in the employ ment of some of the blacks might not be made, by introducing upon every estate some of the ampler manufactures to employ children, old and invalid persons ot both sexes, and . particu larly the females during that term when two lives depend upon their health. Tae merchants, navigators, fi(hermen, and (hipbuitders of the United States, may be fafelv affirmed to be four descriptions of our citizens whole industry is as uniformly energetic and well directed, as those of any country in the world, though it i 3 certain that a much ftrifter economy prevails among persons of some fo reign nations engaged in those pursuits—an ex ample demanding serious attention. The manufacturers in some branches pursue their occupations under the disadvantages of very ftw errors ; yet those citizens would be fenlibly benefited, were they able to relieve themselves of certain parts of their labor by the attainment of the auxiliary machinery, which are the purchase of larger capitals than are yet engaged in their line. Circumstances, however, of various kinds', are daily conti tout ing to remove this inconvenience. The bu:k of the manufacturers do not want industry, nor Ikill enough to succeed in those simple manufac tuies, to which it is moll their interest to apply themselves. It may be rather said, that they manufacture ordinary kinds of fabrics, from the nature of the demand, than that they iria nufaflure badly. Their bufmefs is, moreover, prograffiveiy advancing, and has felt, on seve ral occaiion;, some of them recent, the foltering hand of government. ° The mechanic branches have been, til!. this time, on nearly as good a footing; but those employed in the erection ofbuildings ought now to seek the aid of such parts of science is have relation to their calling. Architecture has been little (tud'.ed. It ought not to be forgotten, that a competent knowledge of it is no lei's conducive to economy and convenience, than to elegance and splendor. The moil importantcf all the employment! of our citizens, that of the farmer, remains to be noticed. It is very mich to be feared, that ii po'nt of execution, ?. caidid examination would prove that this belt of pursuits is most imper fsdtly conducted,, at ledt la the grain state;. Wednesday, August 15, 1792. FROM THE AMERICAN MUSEUM. Concerning the nationalindujiry. 85 | The proofs are, innumerable instances of impo verilhed lands, bodies of meadow land?, in the old settlement-, which remain in a state of nature, an almolt universal inattention to the making or prefervlng of manure, the frequent inattention to the condition cf the feed grain, evidenced by the growth of inferior grain in fields of wheat, and by the complexion of the flour in some quarters, the bad condition of barns, stables and fences, and in some places the total want of the former, tie deficiency of spring-houses or other cool dairies in extensive tracts as country, the want, or a trifling flock, of bees, t e frequent want of orchards, and the neglect of those which have been planted by preceding occupants, the neglect of the sugar tree, the neglect of fallen timber and fuel, "ac companied with the wanton felling of timber trees for fuel, the neglett of household manu factures in many families, the neglect of mak ing pot-sfh, the non-use of oxen, and above all, the growth in fnbftance, of large bodies of farm ers on lands of ordinary quality, while the in habitants of extensive scenes, hardly extract from much superior lands, a miserable fufte nar.ee and more miserable clothing. It is a fact very painful to observe, and un pleaiunt to represent, but it is indubitably true, that farming in the grain states, their great best business, the employment molt precious in free governments, is, too generally speaking, the least understood, or the least economically and attentively purl'ued, of any of the occupations which engage the citizens of the United States. It is acknowledged, however, with fatisfaftion, that great changes have been lately made, and that the energy, spirit of improvement, and eco nomy, which have been recently displayed, pro mise the regular and rapid melioration of the agricultural system. All other things have tak en a course of great improvement—and it can not be apprehended that, the yeomanry of the United States will permit themselves to be ex celled by any of their brethren, in themoft pre- ' cious charaaeriftic of a good citizen—u/e/ulne/i in their proper Jphere. (to be continued.) FOR THE GAZETTE OF THE UNITED STATES. Mr. Fenno, If the following Jhould.be deemed worthy of a place in your Gazette, by inferring tt you wiUftrvc the caufc of truth and your country. THE molt judicious wiiters on civil government are agreed that a general prevalence of virtue among the citizcns is tfllntial to the existence and permanency of a republic, and experience proves the opinion to be well founded. It becomes the United Ssates therefore, as they wiih to secure the blessings of freedom and independence to them selves and posterity, to inspire the riling genera tion with a sacred regard to truth and justice, and .to favour ihe cultivation of such pnnciples as will : give liability and dignity to their em pire. The most effectual way to accomplish this end is to promote the interdls of true religion—Virtue de rives all its force and propriety, all its reason and beauty from religion ; diOblve the alliance, and you st once reduce it to a mere speculative prin ciple, and diveftit of all its authority. No o;her principle can supply the place of reli gion the sense of honor and (hamc— ihe beauty of propriety and the reason and necefli ty of fubmiiting to the decision of ihe majo rity, are weak rt liraints to men in the eager pur suits of their plcalures and paflions. The conlli tuition of human nature, as well as the hillory of civil society evinces the neccfiity of fomc authori tative principle, that wiil penetrate the heart and afford an invariable fanftion to the rules of social and moral duty. How preposterous is theconduft of those who declaim upon the progrcfs of ariOocratical princi pics in this country, and at the fame time endea vour by their writings,their innuendoes,their anec dotes, and indeed by every means in their power to l. flen the inflnence of those principles which form the only bafts of a popular government. Whence is it that the clergy are indiscriminately blackened under the odious name of priest, and re ligion, fcandalizrd under the falfe appellation of fupr.ftuion and prieftcraft ? Is there any thing that these declaimers have deviftd as a fuhftitute for religion, that will be more effectual to produce virtue among mankind? If they have, Jet them make known the discovery, they Dull have the honour of it, and be icwaided ! r their pains.— But il not, lit them keep filencc, or speak confif. tentlv.—The roan who endeavours to undermine religion, saps the foundation of mora] virtue, re- Ijxcs the principles of social obligation, and whe ther-+ie knows it or not, advocates the cauTe of anarchy or dcfpotifin.—ls there any cbfs of men' mi (he tinned States, who have difroverrd a more finccre and ardent attachment to the principle of ilie revolution than the clergy in general? Are <here any who contributed more in their fpberes to accompliQi it ? Were there any who displayed more fortitude, or did moreto support the finking] fpirjts ol their fellow citizens in the darkest Ibgejl of ihe war ? Are (here any who have given a morel ready reception to such measures as have been ge nerally thought conducive to the intercfts ot this ■country ? And are there anv less exceptionable in their general deponment than they? How then ■ve *hey provoked such abuse as certain writers are conuantly calling on thein ? Can it be affirmed that they are a factious, dis contented ambitious class of citizens? Are they ltivcfUd with dangerous privileges ? Aic ihey dis posed to form combination* the measures [Whole No. 454.] lr, n » fnt? , Are ,hey " in pro por.io.l to lOC 01 lur c'afiVs of cures » 4 to d „ r comoinations eafyot dangerous ? Do they by their tonverfat ion or writing. endeavour to enflam. the t7,",'h ! ! ? rcnd.Mhcmuof.icmliv to the law,? Arc tlrey cnlrulted with 100 lmic f, power? Have they too great revenues for citizens "f a free country ? Or have a .lanoerons , n i ' fl'.ence in the councils of il.eir ? 'Some one or more of theft- cha.ges n,,,8 b. supported m ■ oroet to give a fiudow of truih or uropriety to the repiefentations ot certain writers; and 1 am well peiftißded, that there is not a man in the United States who is not an ideot or wurfe who would openly attempt to flppon them. The clergy, as far as inuocciice of manners-* uprighmefs of conduit, and Jiv« devoted to the rtioit benevolent purposes can render them, are worthy of the eltecm and approbation of their fellow ciu?ens. They have more individual in tluence in naming ourcit.rens to the habits of so. brtety,and industry—in forming the manneis of our youth and 111 impressing thei„ with fentintent» of virtue and morality, and in genera! in rtfeaine the ends of civil government, than any denomina tion ofcitizens whatever ; and what greatly en hances their mei it is, that they have volunlKiily ieclude<J thcmtclvcs from ftiartug the emoluments of government ; they have renounced the profprct of wealth of honor, and of office, and have devo ted their time and talents to the bell interells of their country. Judge then yc wliofe finis are not utterly devoid ot sensibility, if Rich difinterrftrd nefs merits no better return than derision and in fuk ; if any clals of citizens defer ves the cfteem of the public, it is that of the clergy ; the faenficts which they make, and the benefits which they con tribute principally to procure, entitle them at leait to the gratitude of country. If thefc writers have any reasonable exceptions againll the clergy m any refpetf, let them (late them openly and can didly, and not affoflin-like divulge their Icandal in so aitful and dailardly a mannei as to pioctirc reception by its association with truth, and thus deprive the friends of virtue ot any suitable mbde of defence. Such condufl confideied either in a moral or political view is abominable—it i s beneath the character ol a man ot sense or talle ; it is a r.o:o ---rious breach of good manners—a giofs inlult to 'clings and opinions of their fellow-citizens and tends ultimately to the deftruftion of our ow» conftnution and of all free government.— But wha' renders then eonduft the more dctcftable is, tha[ like Satan who ensnared and ruined our fiift Da rent, by profeffionsof Iriendlhip and auachment" they pretend a zeal (or equal liberty and the r'ehts ot men, and under this mask endeavor to propa gate opinions defirua.ve of all order and subordi nation in foeieiy and utterly fubvei fiveof the ii,i„- ciples that eonftitulc the only baits of civil Co vernment. ° Thele gentlemen if we may judge from the spe cimens they have given us ot rheir opinions have quite outdone Epicurus, and all the Atheists and . 1 * sol ancteiir or modern times. They never de n 'ho ncceffity of religion to civ,l govern ment, but on the contrary, they supported the »e ---celliry of maintaining the appearance o( it though iney dilbclieved Kg reality. 6 But it thrfe writers are resolved at all events to Obtrude their sentiments upon the public; I would advise them-to abridge the labour by uublifhine »t onte a new cdm 9 n of Tindal-Toland—Chubb —or some other of that Iraternity, as they are now out of print as well as out of credit ; and try v he ther their beloved doctrines will succeed better in this country than tliey did in Gie-t-Britam. This in iny opinion would be a much better way, and I am sure a much more honourable way than to retail their principle, by scraps, and that without the genius or taste of the original writers I am not a clergyman and therefore have Ipo ken the more freely, but I am certain I speak the lemimenu of a very large proportion ot my fel low-cmzens, and I think ot every one not blind ed by prejudice or d .veiled ol the feelings of hu manits'. I am your's, &c. PARIS, May 31. Y OU will fee by the decrees of the ■1. National Aff'embly, thar the con jectures we communicated to you by the Jait port have been literaljy ful filled. The King's Guard are con ltgned to the Military School, and the service at the Thuilleries is perform ed by the National Parisian Guards. The gardens are fliur, and no person allowed to enter them; all is fufpi c'on, fear, and accusation. From Valenciennes we learn from a good channel, that the General* have renounced the plan of oiFenlive war vecoin mended by the Marefchal de Luckner, who is to conduit it, to adopt the defenfi*e projedi of Monf. de Rochambeau who has resigned. We fhonld scarce dare to fend you this extraordinary piece of intelli gence, did we notthink ourselves au thorised to rely upon the authentic!- ty of our information. It is something curious andworthy the confufed ideas of our modern plii lofoplieis, that a nation which de PHILAGATHOS.
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