0f m uipp PUBLISHED WEDNESDAYS AND SATURDAYS BY 7OH.V FENNO No fir. Hiru stoc-lt ~Z ~ " ~~— ' b9, HiG H-STREIT, BETWEEN SECOND AND THIRD STREETS, PHILADELPHIA [No. 6of Vol. lII.] )R THE GAZETTE OF THE UNITED STATES. EDUCATION | '"pHE Englifti papers represent the riotevs atßir- I -*• mingham as an ignorant rabble. Andthatit isoffuch that mobs are always tompofed. Wlie ther a man is much of a pliilofopher or not, he cannot well avoid reflecting on the mifchiefs "done, and lofles of property fnfrered, as well as the terror, diflurbance and disgrace, refultin"- from these violent disorders. A mail will then fee that, as the niofl: ignorant of men are the ac tors in these scenes, ignorance is the true canfe of all the mifchief. In (lead of hanging men, though doubtless tHey deserved the gallows, let the government of England look to the root of the evil. The loss of property is said to have amounted to fouie hundred thousand pounds sterling. Had the interell of the sum been ap plied for the support of schools, and the rioters, in their youth, been taught in them, it is proba ble that they would not have been concerned.— From whence it may be inferred, that the negle<fl of education costs more than the provision for it. For it is certainly right, in keeping the accouut between ignorance and knowledge, to charge the former with the mifchief it does. A fchool-honfe ■will turn out in the end a better security of the public peace, than a regiment of the hoi fe guards, j We fee the latter not arriye in time to pro tect the fufferers at Birmingham. It cheaper and wiler, as well as more lnny£ne. prevent evil, than to remedy orrotiUh iit is done. How few persons, b)-(M tcjje- rably well educated, have b&en lit-be i s oPthe* public peace. The gallows WcAild aCTtt the truth of this remark, if the of its'oMctye and almost unpitied victims could now be told. Very few, efyecially of the natives of America, have fuffered, whose fate could not justly be afci jbed to neglect of their youth—Shall we then go on fmootbly as they do in England, hanging one half the people to keep the quiet in their beds !—or will our men of humanity, and our politicians, bestir themselves at last, and by establishing schools, get at the fountain head of the evil, and endeavor to diminish crimes and banishing ignorance ? All other public cares are worse than loft, for *hile they®f>anifh offenders with more and more fruitlefs severity, they divert our attention from v£he true nature and proper remedy of the evil. PARIS, September 6. THE Bourdeaux chamber of commerce has im portunately demanded the recall of the de crec > granting liberty and equal privileges with the whites to the mulattoes in St. Domingo. This is diretftly contrary to the opinion of ihe citizens of Bourdeaux, who in their petition on this fub jetft, voluntarily offered to embark in quality of soldiers, to compell the coloniits to comply with the decree of May iytli. The municipality and friends of the conllitutioti wiihed to prevent the fetiing out of the meflenger that had been en gaged to carry the address of the chamber of commerce to the National Afi'enibly ; but the mercantile and naval bodies urged his departure, considering, no doubt, that the commercial ill terefts had at lead as good a right to petition, as the club conftitutionilts. Sept. 26. It is currently reported here, and very confidently believed, that the King, since his acceptance of the conllitution, lefufed to re ceive a packet addrefled to him by his brothers, or to hear any verbal explanation of the contents from the bearer; to whom he said, that he could hold nocorrefpondence with the Princes till their return to Paris. ■everything is as peaceable and quiet here as if nothiug hud happened ; trade is taking its Saturday, December io, 1791. usual couiTe, and we have not the lead suspicion ®f any of the powers of Europe attempting to disturb our domestic tranquility. We (hall, how ever, be prepared for defending ourselves, but we (hall treat any attacks as those of an aflaflin, who endeavors to disturb individual repose. The choice of a new Marine Minister was not declared or known yesterday. Conformable to the decree of the NationalAf fembly, two preachers yesterday informed the Municipality of Paris, that they had formed con tracts to enter into wedlock immediately. M. de Segur, who was lately appointed ambas sador to Rome, will, it is said, proceed to Eng land to replace M. de la Luzerne, deceased. DUBLIN, September 17, Yesterday wheat fell in proportion of last week, four {hil lings a barrel. If flour gets anything of a tolerable fall, the aflize of bread being struck from the average of both, we may ex pert an addition of half a pound to the twelve-penny loaf. Po tatoes now fell in Francis-ftrcet at soar-pence a ft one, and cheap er by the hundred. The fine weather we have happily experi enced for some timepaft, has occafDned this redu&ion of the late qxtravagant rates of two such essential necelfaries of life. Whatever may be the opinions cf the people ot Ireland on po litical fubjefts, we hope the Frencl king's acceptation of the con stitution will giveuneere and general pleasure—as preventing the efFufion of hurnan blood—putting ; ftopto the madness of ambi tious OFtapricious wars, and exaltkig 25,000,000 of people to the rank of freemen. L O N D O N-D E R R Y We have received from Philadelphia letters and papers down to the 3d of August. All account*agree in a favorable repoit of the mcreafing prosperity Sf the United States—their flocks are now above par, as money is coming into them from all the countries of Europe—the fubfenptions to the federal or national bank, were filled up in a few minutes, and their crops this season, are rich ,and'plentiful. The Indian war has taken a fortunate turn : On ifhe lft of June, Br>g, Go"* Ocot* lv "' < 4)| in* ftvagw oil the bsihk.s of the'Wabafti ; army was soon after jofned by 500 Indians, and nations have sued for peace. The tfnw fifteen llatcs (by of Vermont and weie lancet in Congrcfs the beginning of October. -'.f ♦ « LON«D CV NT September 30. farriage was celebrated yeftcrday at Ber would have deferred it for some months and address of a lover fount ;ged M. Bouille in the command of th and the Mofclle. troops N STATI OF POLITICS. fM The Emper the King of Prussia, are said to have met a boutfometh' 'it 110 one can clearly tell what; they may or may not have .rfed concerning Fran«e, but whatever they may intend, it is to be trusted little mifchief to the caule of liberty in an age present, can ensue against the energy of an una nimous peopTSfVhich as advocates tor a different form of govern ment from that which they lately experienced, the French nation certainly are—for if absolute monarchs be permitted to suggest by what form a neighbouring kingdom (hall be governed, little in fa vor of the people can be expe&ed. Imperfedl as the new consti tution at fjrefent may be, the people of France have now fufficient materials with which to work out their own happiness, without the interference of surrounding nations ; and we will hope there is too much virtue in Europe, to fuffer such an officious afliftauce. Has involved itfelf in a war with Morocco, at a time when all its vigilance requires to be exercised at home, to prevent an uni versal fpiri: of discontent from breaking out into action in its own provinces. The late edicts directed against the French inhabitants of Spain, have, and little else could be anticipated, set the natives to enquire what this liberty is which provokes such a spirit of persecution ; but the advocates for freedom in Spain have a ilub bani foe to contend with in the clergy, who are a much more powerful body than ever they were in France—moreover, ths French being expelled the kingdom, they have no philosophical leaders to urge them on ; theSpanifh people of weight and con sequence being at present by no means remarkable lor thai liberal mode of thinking which has long diftinguilhed their Gallic neigh bors. THE PAPAL STATES OF ITALY Have lately discovered strong fyraptoma of discontent ; and the mifchief of it is, his Holiness has no power to oppose against any advances that may be made upon his ancient prerogatives, but the artillery of anathema, which of late years has been discovered to be very harmless in its effefls. Has yet met with no interruption in its happy revolution ; the new wheels which have been inferied in the machinery of its con ltitution, have been put into motion, and found to work well and harmouioufly with the whole. Neighbouring delpotifm effects to frown, but its frowns aie despised ; though much remains at fonie future time to be done for the Poles. The people at large are certainly happier circumftanccd thin they were, and the no bility not lels so. Comparative liberty has been given, without licenlioufnefs hating been encouraged. Has begun to fulfil her terms with :hc Porte, and the peace, at length eftabhthed between thWe violent foes, promiles to be one of some continuation. Having temporarily disengaged itfc ll from iu unfuccefsfnl con flict in Europe, finds its Asiatic pofTcffions m a great : but having now leisure to attend to them, it is not fuppoled Irom the fanpuinary mode in which the Court of Constantinople pro ceeds in cases of rebellion, that any lofsof territory on that quar ter will be theconfequcnce. 257 SPAIN POLAND RUSSIA TURKEY , o [Whole No. 273.] CONGRESS. PHILADELPHIA. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, FRIDAY, December 2. (CON C LUDF.D.) IN COMMITTEE OF THE WHOLE, On the Appropriation Bill for the year I 792. A/TR- GILES was of opinion that the commit tee had done their duty, and had acted in conformity to the resolution of the House. Me mentioned his being one of" a final I minority a gainst that resolution, when it was under confe deration. At that time, he said, he was of opi nion, that some previous examination was neces sary. He adverted to the eflimate from the Secreta ry ot the Senate. That officer called for 4JOO dollars, for contingent expences, though it did not appear that there was a deficiency in thefum of 3 000 dollars granted last year. Theonlyrea fon that was given for an increase of jo percent, was, the increased price ef the articles to be pur chased. He was against allowing an unneceflary latitude in appropriations. It would generally l->e found, tie hi<i < [hat the expenditures would come up very near i„ fhe fu m appropriated ; and if 3000 dollars were (ast year, it remain ed to be determined whether the increased price of articles warranted an increase of 50 per cent, in the funis to be appropriated now. Jf an in crease in the appropriations for the department of war, from good reasons, was neceflary, this was no reason why the contingent expences of the Senate should increase. He hoped the paflage ot the bill would not be precipitated,, and was of opinion that information fliould be previously Obtained. He approved of th« idea suggested by Mr. Ger ry, to call on executive officers at ltated times for th eir accounts. It had been said that mem bers could seek for information at their offices ; he thought it more proper that the officers should be called upon to bring their accounts to the House. He did not like the mode pointed out ; and, indeed even supposing the members had ne gletfted a duty, yet he hoped further time would not be refufed. He was for the committee's ris ing. Mr. Barnwell was of opinion, that the report of the Treasurer, containing a full account of the receipt a..4 expenditure of all the public mo ney, was the fullelt information that need be re ceived, neither the members of the House, or a committee of it, could poilibly examine into the minutia* and items of every public account—The Comptroller, Treasurer and Register were the proper officers to do this. If any member of the House was diflaiisiied with any particular charge received at the treasury, he could either as an individual call and examine into its propriety,or on the floor of the House call for the informati on he wanted to latisfy his mind. Mr. Fitzfiinons was againit the committee's rising. Many of the items in the appropriation bill were right without doubt, and papers were on the table to explain the propriety of others. Salaries would not be disputed. If clerks were unemployed at the ofaces,they would not be paid. The contemplated appropriations for contingent and incidental expences depended on estimates which were before the committee ; and if any are thought too coniitlerable, motions may be made to reduce them ; but to rife now wouid be mere waste of time. He enumerated fomeof the objefis of expence which called for a larger ap propriation this year to remove the general ob jections of the gentleman from Virginia. Mr. Madifou considered the present a good op portunity to determine how far the House could go into an examination of the accounts of public officers. It was true that the representatives of the people were the guardians of the public mo ney. and consequently it was their duty to fatisfy ihemfelves as far as possible of the sources from
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