- 7 / 7 </ st. [No. 54, of Vol. lII.] ANSWER of M. SYEYES, To Dh. Paine s Letter 9 and to several other publi cations of a fitnilar nature. IT appears that the question depends entirely upon the manner of crownmg the government. What the monarches would do by individual umtv, the lepublicans would do by a colleflivt body. Ido not accuse the lad of failing to perceive ihc neref. fity of unity in aftiou, and I do not deny that it may be possible to e(hbli!h this unity in a senate or superior council ot execution. But I believe, that it would be ill-constituted under a multitude el repoits of committees; and that, in order to prefervi all the advantages of which the unity of adion is capable, it fnould not be leparated from ir.dividnal unity. Thus, i.i our tyftrro, the government is composed of a fit ft mo narch, the elefierand irresponsible, in whose name aa fix mo narch!, named by him and rcfponfible. After thel'e are the di iettories of the departments. In the other, a senate or council, named by the departments, or by the legifl.Uive assembly, would be in the fiift degree of ex ecution ; then the administration of the departments. Those who aim at iriveftigating an image with abft'raft notions, may figure a monarchical government as ending in a point, and a republican government in a platform ; but tile advantages which we attribute to one form rather than the other, are so important, that they cannot be conveyed by a simple image. I do not give the cxpofition of them ; this is not the place ; but I am not un willing to repeat, that in the two points here mentioned, consist the aiftmftive charaQers of the two fyltcms ; that is to fay, the difference which there is between an individual responsible de cifton, withheld by an irresponsible eleding will, and a decision bya majority discharged of all legal responsibility. The confe rences will be deduced elfewheie * j The republicans and we, may, moreover, differ upon many great queltions, referring to social regulation, though there mat be no reatoii to acknowledge any difference between republicani fn. and monarchifm. For example, several combinations .niy be "nagined in the election of the council or senate of execution, with the delign of extending them more or less to the deliberating admimftrative bodies. So may we alfoada.it, that there may be more than one method proper to regulate what is called the fu<- eeliion to the throne : for there is a latitude of opinion .o be ei er ' re P u blican or a monavcliift, according to several varieties. J" 13 fnc s u ' re£ '' and * h av e no doubt that the enquiry will be made, what is my opinion with refpeft to the hereditary right of the monarch elcfior—l answer without hesitation, that, in good theory, a hereditary tranfmiflion of an office, whatever it is, can never accord with the laws of a true representation. Hercditary • up, in i his KTife, is as inueh an attaint upon principle, as an out rage iion iocicty. But let us refer to the history of all elective monarchies or principalities. Is there one in which the elcttive m »;k S ° 0t wor s e ■han the hereditary fucceffson ? What more than they have done could have been performed in the two years palt by men, at bottom, like others ; that is to fay, who can judge only by that whioh they know, and who, for the molt part, know that only to be possible which has been already cone . And if they had thought themselves able to enter into the examination of this question, wouhi it have been for them to ba lance against an absurd, but peaceable hereditary (hip, the equally a. ur cultom of ekflion, which is alio oftentimes accompanied wit a civil war p At present, indeed, we are habituated to an elective mode, and have fufficiently refl fled to believe, that there ni ~, tx a S rcat variety of combinations in that refpeft. Incte is certainly one very applicable to the firtt public fnnc lion. It appears to mc to unite all the advantages attributed to Hereditary without any of its inconveuiences ; and the advanta- T t ek^' on >. wiltlout '«» dangeis. Nevertheless, lam far from thinking that cirtumftjnc.es are favorable for producing a change in 111s refpetl of the decreed Constitution, and lam very glad to deliver my opinion strongly upon this fubjeft. The obilacks, I admit, are no longer the fame ; but have they therefore all dis appeared and have not foinenew ones arisen ? Would an interior aivihon bean indifferent tranfaftion, at the yra in which we are P acc . 1 lie National Assembly is f( cure of the union of all parts 0 prance for the Constitution, as already known. n universal wilh appears for the completion and the confirm ation of it throughout with uniformity, and with a force capable ° g ,v,n g empire to the law. Would it bereafonable to take this roomeni tor throwing an apple of discord in the midst of the de partments, and hazarding incongruities in the decrees, to which "might be hereafter so difficult to place limits? If the nation will ex P^ a ' n "frlf by a Constituent Aflembly as to the place of e t onarch, whether it (hall become elective, or remain here "ai y» may not, on that account, lose monarchy, since there xl' i) 3 wa ) s rcma ' n what is its eflcnce, an individual decision, as 1 C f^° n r t 3rt a^'n g Monarchs, as the Monarch elector. n ort, I hope, that as the public opinion is fimplifyjng more n more in political matters, the triangle monarchy will be ge era y perceived to be more suitable than the republicanism plat °7" l ° that division of powers which is the Hue bulwark ot P u ic iberty. [To 6e concluded in our next.] EXTRACT of an ADDRESS to farmers. [From the All/any Gazette. y"OU wil] probably arrive at the dignity of re prefentative —this is your field of battle, eath or glory here await you—money mult not now be f 0 much your objedt, or at least it must "or appear to be, as fame—though there are roes frequently to be made worth hazarding a ittle character for—let the rights of the people ant of vour constituents in particular be continu a In y° u r mouth—no matter what the fubjec r t o i e is, never consider it worth a moment's lought, speak to it or from it with earnestness and volubility ; dafli, like Wilkin lon, through 1 J' ou have attained your great Hp f i ° which will be either to be confi fli Pe d R oVer "J"ent as a troublesome man, and . (" c s' *' th an office, in which you may fit down yOl life—or be placed in the chair of state, (CONTI NUED.) t..y> Wednesday, November 3, 1791. by those whose right:-, and liberties you have so nobly contended for. Should the latter ofthefe events take place, and I lee nothing to hinder you will have arrived to the zenith—and your only care now ought t > be to preserve yourfelf there-fill the country with judges, justices and officers of every delcri; : ion—no matter for cha racter or abilities, it ;< their votes and interest only which yon are to look to—but it is needless to give you further ad-ice—when you are once in the chair, if you have a little sense and a great rteal of cunning, it wiil be impoflible to get you out - TIMON. t'K.-JNCE. NATIONAL ASSEMBLY, AUGUST 29. Monday evening an extraordinary fitting Vv was held on the intsreftinglituation ofthe M and of St. Domingo, which lalted to the unusual hour of n, and in which some warm personalties were employed, that vill probably have fatal consequences. A coalition seems to be formed in the Colonial Committee, at the head of which is M. Barnave, who iii.YTts upon the revocation of the decree of the ijth of May. M. De Tracy, Broftaret, Perifle da Luc, and Rochefoucault, gave notice, that they should re sign their places in the committee ; and in align ing theirreafons for their resignation, these gen tlemen successively displayed such a fceue of des potism exercised in the committee, as to render it impossible for any members ou: of the party to be heard.' August jr. The order of the day was, the further consi deration of the belt mode of fixing a national convention for altering any part of" the present conllitution. The principal speech on this occasion, and up on which the principalipart of the ensuing decree was founded, was matfe by M. Frocheau, the friend of the celebrate,4 Mirabeau. After having demonttrated the principles of the national sovereignty and the neceflity of not departing from those on which representative go vernments are founded ; he concluded, with pro posing, that two forts of aflemblies lhould be ap pointed, one of which, under the title of a na tional convention, ftiouldjbe authorised to revise retouch, and modify any parts of the conflitu tion ; and the other, under the denomination of the condiment aflembly, should be charged with the funtftion of new modelling the conditution entirely, if neceflary. The legislative body should have the sole right of convoking one or other of these aflemblies ; to have an authorita tive efFe<ft ; three successive legislatures mud ex press their desire with regard to the calling of these aflemblies ; and in order to prevent cabal, the fame members nuid not be eligible to the le gislatures succeeding that which has began to express its desire foi this change. Many fpokeon this intereding fubjecft, among the mod didinguifhed of whom was M. Barnave, who with his usual precision, observed, that the end of all government, is tranquility and liberty conjoined ; but these two great advantages the people themselves are modliableto destroy with their own hands, from being led to a£l by ge neral ideas, under the guidance of artful and eloquent demagogues, who have their own pri vate views at bottom. The people are no doubt the only legal sovereign ; when they have ef tablifhed a representative government, the pub lie power resides in those representatives ; the people can only exercise the sovereignty by elec tions. The decree with which the debate ended, is couched in the following terms : " Whenever three following legislatures fliall express a uniform wilh to reform a part of the conflitution, a revision may take place. " The fourth legislature shall be charged with examining the articles on which the three pre cedinglegiflatures fliall have demanded a revision. " The members of the third legislature cannot be named to the fourth." M. de !a Fayette proposed, that the mode adopted by the American States fliould be adopt ed, accordinp to which the nominal appeal is re sorted to in the three legislative aflemblies, and the names ef those voting fora reform are print ed. This proposal was referred to the commit tee of constitution. After this business was concluded, a numberof curious and interesting papers were read rela tive to the Isle of St. Domingo. s/'l"' fZ-f X*? -f ■* v f y . * CO'. A s 213 sip T PARIS, September s. £ -P r 1 ncl Con ft' cu tio"al Chart is at length hmflied.and was on Saturday lall prefenteci to • , : w ho received it with a countenance m winch much outward fatisfartioti was depicted J he members met in the Hall of the Alibmbly thx o clock in the evening ; but i: was half e lf every thing was readv. hJi!" y ern . iei > the Prefitl ent, then intimated,thae a waited on the King, and announced their intentions ; and that bis Majesty was ready to receive them. J On this the deputation moved on towards the Palace of the Thuilleries, between a double row of National Guards, flambeaux preceding, sol- Jowin| and accompanying them, and martial procession ° P ' continuin S during the Having arrived at the Palace, the Deputation was immediately ufliered into the Grand Council Chamber, and introduced to the King, who wag Jeated on a throne, furrouiided by his Ministers, an »j a^i. eat nun:^er other people of dift indtion. JM-houret then advanced, and spoke as sol- i he Representatives of the Nation who pre ient to your Majelty the Conrtitutional a<ft, which conlecrates the imprescriptible- Rights of the trench Nation ; which gives to the throne its true dignity, and which organizes the Govern ment of the Empire." j he King inltantly replied : " 1 now receive the Conllitution presented to me by the National Aflembly. I shall inform them of my resolution, after the shortest possible delay which the examination of such an important object demands. " 1 am resolved to remain in Paris ; I (hall give the neceflary orders to die Commandant-Ge neral of the national Parisian troops refpe&ing my guards." ° Ihe Deputation having received this answer, and M. Thouret havingalked and obtained a co py of it m writing, for the fatisfatfion of the Af lembly, they inftanily returned with the fame ceremony that they had set our. Yesterday the Thuilleries were opened, all the centinels potted to prevent the entrance of stran gers, being removed. A prodigious crowd of citizens having gone to the chapel during the morning service, on the entrance of the King and Queen to hear Mass, a number of voices exclaimed, Vive la Nation ! Vive la Conditution ! His Majesty, who was taken unawares, being unable to hide liis emotion at this circumstance, burit into tears. On this the audience cried out, Vive ie Roi ! Vive la Liberte ! One person in particular pronounced with a loud and didincft voice, Vive le Premier Roi conflitutioual des Francois ! VIENNA, August 17. Accounts are received here, that after the last rencontre between the van of the Turkilh army the Ruffians,the Grand Vizier afl'embled all his and army, the flower of which confided of Bo,oco men, and the red he divided into two divisions, consisting of 30,000 men each ; he then aflembled all his officers, and gave them such orders as he thought proper, and in a ipeech of great energy told them, that lie had no doubt of obtaining a victory over the enemy if they and the men un-> der their command would do theirduty. lmiile diately after this they attacked the Ruffians, be tween Galacz and Maczyn, and a bloody contest ensued, the certain iflue of which is not known ; some fay the Ruffians had the advantage, whilst others aflert that the Muscovites were beat and had 12,000 men killed upon the spot. LONDON, September 9, How strangely are the French altered ! It was lately represented as a degradation in the As sembly to exclude a member of the Royal Family from the rights of a citizen. How infinite for merly was the diftinc r tion between Prince and Ci- tizen ! The French Elections do not seem to meet with so many difficulties in general as in Paris At Chaitres, the Electoral Aflembly chose nine De puties to the new Legislature in one day. An authentic lift has been publiflied, contain ing the names of no less than eighty-nine per. foiis, proposed as candidates for the officc of Go vernor to the Dauphin. fstopo [Whole No. 363.1
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