Eftunate of the present value ofthellaves in »he Britifli Iflauds in the Weft-Indies, diftingruifb ing each island. The slaves in as] the islands are estimated at 401. each, except in Bermudas, where they are estimated at 451. Jamaica) Antigua, Montlerrat, N cv i s, St. Christopher's, Virgin Islands, Barbadocs, Grenada, St. Vincent, Dominico, Bjhamas, Bermudas, InTEW-YORK, July 15. On Saturday last a boat belonging to a Portu guese vellel in this harbour, lately from P'ayal, having been to Long Island to fill several calks with water ; on her return, the people feeing unacquainted with the set of the current ill the East River, were drifted below Governor's Is land ; a heavy squall arising about the fame time at south-west, and meeting the ebb tide, railed so ihort and hollow a sea, as to founder the boat, and leave the people adrift. Mellis. William Colles, butcher, and Peter Van Nof trand, fail-maker, perceiving their distress arid imminenr danger, at the risque of their own lives, generously put off at this critical moment in a small boat, from the Whitehall, and were fortunate enough to save the people, who nttift I'oon have perilhed, had not this timely alfiltance arrived to their relief. OF JURIES. Extract from a fpach oj judge Wilson IT may seem, at fiift view, to be foniewhat ex traordinary, that twelve men, untutored in the study of juri fp. uclence, should be the ultimate interpreters of the law, with a power to over rule the directions of the judges, who have made it the lubjedt of their long and elaborate re searches, and have been raised to ilie feat of judgment, for their profeflional abilities ati-cl Jkill. But a deeper examination of the subject, will reconcile us to what, at fiift, may appear incongruous. In criminal cases, the design is, as iias been already intimated, closely interwo ven wjth the tranfatftion ; and the elucidation of both depends 011 a collected view of particulars, arising not only from the testimony, but also from the character and conduct of the wit-nefies, and sometimes likewise from the character and conduct of the ptifoner. Of all thcfe the jury are fittelt to make the 1 proper comparison and estimate; and, therefore, it is molt eligible to leave it to them, after receiving the direction of the court in legal questions, to take into their confiderarion all the circumstances of the cafe, the intention, as well as the facts, and determine upon the Whole, whether the conduct of the prisoner has or has not been within the meaning of the law. Juries undoubtedly may make mistakes—they niav commit errors—they may commit grols ones —bur, changed as tliey conltantly are,' their er rois and miltakes can never grow into a dange- system : The native uprightness of their sentiments will not be bent under tlie weight <U precedent and authority. Befidrs, their mil takes and their errors, except the venial ones on the fide of mercy, made by travcrfe juries, are not without rediefs. Philadelphia, July 20. Further European accounts by the latest arrivals -in brief. The British Mimftry informed a deputation nf the Ruffian mer cantile company, that there appeais a great degree ot probsbiliiv that ffiips falling from London, under such circumstances as would enable them to leave the Ruffian ports with their cargoes l,v the middle of July, would not be endangered by reason of anv event ol the prefe nt negociation with the Court ot PeteriWgh — Lenttin ncgociationsJelaom terminate in icar. 6 * IVyrouit*. the great Gallic circumnavigator, is fafe Accounts are received from him, w.th maps, t*a, & c . ot his com fe, down to his arrival at Botany-Bay. Remittances to the amount of i60,00®1. w.ere received from the United States by the merchants in the Portland Packet "Which arrived at FalmoutTlthe beginning of May. France dill proceeds happily in the great work of the revolu tion, liotwithftandiHg all the arts of the enemies of that important undertaking— 90 millions of Aflignats have been burnt. Sonu ferious disturbances however prevail in the neighbourhood ot Avignon. The King of $acdii)?a, anticipating the influence of the French example, has wifely aboliftied a number of feudal grievances in his kingdom. T 1 1 nfalfing immense preparations for the ensuing campaign. The new G«and Vizir, Julfup Pacha, is indefatigable in forming mag;.7^B/and colletting an army which it is said is to be commanded by the Sultan in person. In our lad we mentioned that the insurgents in the Comtat Ve iiailfon, frontiers of France, who were besieged by the patriotic farmy in Carpeniras, offered to capitulate on the 21ft April. Sub cquent accounts extend the ficge of that place to the 29th of the amemouth,and ho mention of acapituiation; on that day the besieged made a fallv, and took 2 pieces of cannon. The Patriots oi Avignon, it i s affirmed, have bad near 900 men killed and wounded. There has been a warm debate in the Britifli House of Commons •n the Canada Bill, or rather on the fubjeft oi Conilitutions of £. IQ, 240,000 j.5i~,,320 400,000 336.800 81 7,4'j0 :6Q,000 2,484,000 957)°4° 574, IRO 598.680 $9,640 221.355 Total, '8,491-355 \ ) Government. Mr. Pitt, Mr. Burke, and Mr. Fox, appear to have aken the mo ft conspicuous parts. JBurkc inveighed in a lengthy invest vc against the French Revolution ; he was <o intemperate in his «"ifp. i (ions on the new couftitution of th,at coutitry, that he has been pitied by the E'nglifh paragraphias as a mail in a state of rn -1 anl ly. Mr. Fox cxprefled [limi'elf as highly in favor of the revo lution—pointed personalities pa/Ted between him and Mr. Burke, so that a mutual renunciation of all political and'focial intercourse took place. Mr. Put's - ondu&on this occasion is complimented — he in . rpofed as a mediator, and prcferved a digntty ot deport ment worthy ot a great mind. Mr. Burke (trongly insinuated that oiots and conspiracies against the peace of the country, and the Britilh couftitution, were on loot ; but did not fully explain him fclf—His insinuations did not appear to produce any cifeft on the ho use. The society of the friends to the constitution at Paris, went into mourning as a mark of iei pe£l to ihd -memory of Dr. Price, friend of liberty and ot man/ ■ ' ExtraS of a letter from llcjlon, July 10. 1 he author of Pukhcola is nor known ; some suppose one per son and fomeanother, but there'is ti6 solicitude discovered about it; people arc too much engaged in business to attend to newspa per wi iters; very few cvpn read their Icing fpecillations—-the gene lal idea is that we have fijenrtime enough to form Conftiiutions; and now we have a government, anv change is contemplzted with disgust. ' It will not be e»fy for demagogues to stir up ftrife and raise a duff at this time—the predictions of the enemies to the govern ment and its institutions, have been generally proved falfe by ex pel ience and faffs, which again have confirms the confidence of the people in its friends, as their favorable anticipations have been more than realized.—-Those therefore who wilh to bccomr great by reducing really great men to little ones, will m*et with a due reward, dilappointment and chagrin. As to Paine, he has great merit in pulling down bad govern ments, and in opposing fad men (Bui ke in particular) but I do ■licit suppose him the bed qualified 10 /orm a Constitution.—His motives I believe were laudable in writing against Buike, ani the world w: 1 i allow him the merit ofhis labors. Your city it fecms 1 as its wrongheads; as well as less enlightened places; the egotic pamphlet against the national bank is too poor a thiwg for any one except a political eunuch to father; but America.must. itfeems, liaveoth t kiuas of heads as well ;;.s clear-heads. Beforethis reaches you it will be (een how much thiifWdnllerful pamphlet has operated to prevent fubferiptions to (Ke'fcShk : It is conjectur ed here, that the whole will be fubfenbed m a lew days alter the books are opened. Should the firft fcflion of the next Congress pals with tolerable harmony, and their decisions be marked with wisdom, the go veinmcnt may then be considered as firmly fixed, even by the Cid doubters. Cur in our free country, some mull have liberty to abuse liberty. May heaven in mercy to mankind pieferve our general government as an example and blefling to the world." The Commissioners appointed to receive Sub scriptions for the Bank of ihe United States, have agreed to call a meeting of the Stockholders, to he held in Philadelphia on the 2i(t of OJtobcr n.ext, for the choice of Directors, agreeable to law. / very interefti) g and important treaty is now )/lding at Newton, 011 the Tioga, by Col. Pick yi,!g> with a large body of Indians 600 of thorn arrived there on the 29th ulr. On tire dinftant the business was opened by a concilia ory speech from Col. Pickering.. The treaty ap >ears so far to be strongly marked with traits of leace and friendfliip, which Jeads to a hope that c will terminate very favorably on both fides.— he following judicious remarks occur in a [jeech of one of the Sachems " In the last war, when we heai d that bro- thers were going to fight againfi: brothers, we thought it ftrange—wecould hardly believe that people of the fame blood would rife up arid de stroy one another—we saw that they could not fetch a clear stroke, because Lhey could scarce ly diftmguifh between friends and enemies.—lf we had had our senses about us, we fliould not have taken up the tomahawk on either fide—we Might to have let you alone, until yon became irothers again, and then joined you as friends." In the debate on the Canada Bill, in the BritiCh House of Commons, several of the speakers on bo«h fides of the question alludetf to the Consti tution of the United States. Mr, J'ox, in parti cular, "recommended (in framing a tbnftitution for Canada) an imitation df thegnvernment of the United States of America, wlVich he declared to be THE Bi- S T GOVERNMENT SOW EXISTING. He suggested this modification not as an enemy to ariUocracy, but as a friend. When the seve ral parts of the constitution are happily blended, fajd he, there is less danger of corruption." is to the honor of the kngli/h'tJovernment, pat every fubjetft with which the rights of men EJio the intererts of humanity are> connected, 'meera with the moll: ample and independent dif cnllion—and tho it is to be regretred that their decisions are not always agreeable to the fenti inents of (onie of their belt characters, yer thf happiest confequencesmutt eventually rei'ult from such a free ill veUigation as almost every topic undergoes in the deliberations of both branches .of their government. A proposal for re-publi&ing by fttbfcription rhe Pobms of Ph'tllu Wheatky, an African, is if. sued by Thomas <7 Andrews', of Bolton : To which w ill be added (never before publillied) her Pos thumous Work s, confiding of Poems on various 1 übjects, and Letters to eminent persons in Great- Britain and America, with their Answers—Price One Dollar. riie book to contain 300 paces demy duodecimo. Among the Letters is an elegant Epillle from the /rcjident of the United States, several Letters from the celebrated Gilbert Sharpe, L. L. D.&c.&c. and Original Thoughts on Poetry, by Henry Hul tou, Lfq. Comptroller of the Cuftoins at Antigua. 95 - ■ •. -commuiCAZi&m. , THRRE is an independency of foul which some men poftefs, that the generality of their cotetn poraries can form 110 idea of., I It has been aliened thatwifdom is always with jthe majority—the alfertion, if capable of demou- Y''aiion, would save mankind an infinity of Ja ipur in their refearch.es to find out the residence as the goddess. T his opinion is however fotind jd on a (Vippolttion of constancy, couliftency and /inifonnity, which cannot be predicated of any (man or body of men for any series of years. " rhe fnccefs of certain events in thiscoun try (fays an extract in a late New-York paper) has been ascribed io individuals; events, which in reality were either accomplished by the fpiric of the people, or the blunders and mistakes of enemies." 1 he disappointed envy ant! malice of some characters in tile world, have been discovered ou in anv occasions,- but it was hardly to have been expected, that they would have blundered oil lo palpable a misrepresentation as the above, This' is truly a modern discovery. There is Hot an in dividual, in the United States, nor in any part of the civilized world, who does not know, that knows any thing, that the salvation of America was efFeified thro the wjfdom of those plans which were formed by " individuals." 7he people railed to power those whom they considered as their bell friends and wisest patriots ; the people were not difap'pointed—thofe " individuali" sketched the outlines of freedom, empire, and' happiness for the (Jnited States—the people being properly enlightened in their duty, executed the plans that were designed by these " hi dividual!— and while, a free, an independent, grateful fehti ment, shall glow In she brealt of a free citizen of these ftates,tliat iTliillrious roll of worthies which they have been.in the habit of honoring foleng, shall contjiiue to receive their grateful applauses. Another modern discovery is, that the hbn. Continental Convention, which aflembled in this city in the. year 1787, did not 1 form that consti tution which they proposed to the people; and to which the members, with ilie Pi efident at rheir head, affixed their fignarures. " Almolt all im portant hims (it seems) were taken from com munications, the authors of which may never be mentioned; aud the plan was adopted, not in vented, by thoje who will have the hidorical fame thereof"—it is easy for some men to fay any thing—truth and fallltood form no differing ideas in their minds. '1 he above infintiations are a bai efaced attack on the doctrine of reprefenta tion—for if this illustrious convention of the ge nius and patriotism of A merica, was incompetent to the objeif* of/A.'/r appointment, we may aban don all liqpes of ever beholdjjiga representation of the people, which shall be adequate to any good purpose wharever. APPOjNTMEN I"S.—BY AUTHORITY. Uilliam Smith, Esq. ot Baltimore, Auditor of the Trea " C " ™co», Es q . appointed Esq. of this City. Judge of the Diftrift ourt for I , of Pmnfylvania—vice Francis Hopkinfo.i, ilq. dectaled, 1 ' From PELOSI's MARINE LIST. ARRIVALS at the PORT of PHILADELPHIA. Ship Alexander, Brig Hclly, Davis, Barque IlDpc, Makins, Sl'iop Defiance, M'Cann, — Clara, M'Williams, Industry, Green, PRICE ,C\JRRENT. —PUBLIC SECURITIES FUNDED DEBT. 6 pr. Cents ,8/9 , 9 / pr .£. gs pr . cem . 3P/-Certts ?°/9 * 53} on Defeied 6 pr. Ccnt> ,o/q j' UNFUNDED DISS.. . \ ' > Final Setll. and othei Certificates 884 * do.** r Indent s <jo v N. and S. C>rolina debts, 13'/ 1 i/g. j Bank Subfciiptions, - DolltrJ> A PRINTING APPARATUS compleat, AND a. NEWS-PAPER ESTABLISHMENT. ANY youoj Man, of rcfpeftablc charafler, cap.ibleof condaS. ing the PRINTING BUSINESS in its different branches may have an opportunity of engaging as a PART*®*, in a laree commercial town, where the present. income and profpefls are l"ghly flattering to those ot an induflrious turn. A small fom r' recjutfted in hand, and furH„r particulars explained in perfcn, by addressing a line to Z. at .the Bar of the Merchants and Exchange Coffee-Houfe.* Philad. July 20, 1791. " gray l ! gar dln's. A of y° cal and Inftru mcntl Music will begin on TH . b . RSI ? AY the siftofjuly.at 4 o'clock in the Afternoon, and conclude at 9 at right, Ihould (he day be fair. Tickets delivered at one quarter of a dollar, at the Bar. Song s with harmony and martial music, will be performed The (tup Union, JreflVd with the colours of the different nati ons m alliance with the Unit, d States, and elegantly lighted at nifiht. The mill Icene on a plan entiicly new. The goddess Indcpendency, an emblematical transparent piece of painting, tery large, will be exhibited in the day, and illiimi minated at night. Three paintings transparent, one of the iiluflriooj Prrfident of the United States, one of the immortal Franklin, the other, the patriotic General de la Fayette, a> large as the lile; together with several other tianfparent figures and landscapes. T he illuminations will be moic extensive than any heretofore. Ciay's Ferry, July 18. G. & R GRAY. Newry. Cape-Francois. Sligo. New-Providence. Virginia. Frenchman's Bay, ; M
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