I'.,!U , U'.n VV r. i) \ i M)AY AND sATUKUAYS BY JOHN FEN NO, No. 69, HIGH-STREET, BE'X WKtN ikCOND AND THIRD STRUTS, fh.LADELI-HIA [No. i, of Vol. lII.] TRANSLATED Tor the GAZETTE of the UNITED STATES. A DISCOURSE OF STEPHEN BOETIUS, Concerning voluntary Servitude : Or the Anu-Onc. Ow ctyetftov '7rokvxotf.ee/in uopavo; tstty E/f BAfthivs* Iliad, lib. 2, v. 205. " T SEE 110 good in having several Lords ; let X one alone be mailer ; let one alone be King." This was laid by Ulyfles in Homer, in a public fpeecli. If lie had only said I fee no good in having several Lords, this would have been said with perfecfl propriety. To have spoken with reason he Ihould have said, that the domination of several cannot be good, because the power of one alone, as soon as he takes che title of Maf fter, is hard and unreasonable. But he had gone quite to the contrary fide and said let one alone be Master ; let one alone be King. Perhaps it is neceflary to excuse Uly(Tes,to whom at that time, it might be neceflary to make use of chat Vanguage, to compose a itiutiny in the ar-- my, conforming his words, as I believe more to the times than to truth. But to speak in good cotifcience, it is an extreme misfortune to be subject to a Master, who, we can never be sure •will be good, since it is always in his power to be bad when he will. And to have several maf flers, is as much as to be so many times extreme ly unfortunate. It is not liiy delign to debate, at present, the question so much agitated, whether the other fafhldns of republics are better than monarchy. Before I should discuss the question what rank monarchy ought to hold among re publics, I iliould enquire whether it has any ; for it is not easy to believe, that there is any thing of a public in a government, where all is in one. But this question is reserved for another occa frnn ; and will require a treatise by itfelf—or ra ther it will draw after it, the whole train of po litical disputes. At present I wifft only to whether it is poflible, and liow it Js ffoTßLlcTtTiut so many men, so many cities, so many nations endure the ty ranny of one, who had no power butjfuch as they' give him, who is incapable ot hurting them, any longer than they pleal'e to endure him, who can do them no evil, uiilcl's they choose to fuffer it, rather than contradict him. A great thing cer tainly, and yet so common, that it is the more to be regretted, to fee a million of millions of men, serving mifbrably with their necks under the yoke, not conitrained by any greater force, than rhc-if own, hut enchanted and charmed by the mere n3ij>e of one, whose power they ought not to fear because he il single, vVhofe qualities they ought not to love, because he is to them in human and savage. Such is the weakness among us men, we must often submit to force : it is lie cefiary that we temporize ; We cannot always be i|e strongest. If, thereforea nation is coafhain ed by force of arms, to serve one, as the city of Athens the thirty tyrants, it Ihould not refufe to serve, but complain of the accident ; or rather neither refufe nor complnhi, but bear the evil with patience, and reserve i(felf for better for tune in future. Such isoor nature that the com mon duties of friendfhip, consume a great part ofjhe course of our lives. It is reasonable to love virtue, to efleetn fair atftions, to acknow ledge benefits where they have been received, and often to diminish our own ease, to increaf'e the honor and advantage of him whom we love, and who deserves well of us. Thus therefore if the inhabitants of a country have found some great perfon:ige, who has (hown them by expe rience a great forefight, in watching over them, great courage in defending them, great caution in governing them : If from tbefe confederations they grow familiar and traceable in obedience to him, and confide in him so far, as to give him certain advantages, I know not whether it would he wisdom, to take him out of thofc circuui ftances in v\hich he did good, to advance him in to others \<'here he might do evil. Certainly it wuft be called goodness of heart, nor to fear t-vil frot:i him, of whom we have received nothing hnt good. But, good God ! What can this be ? What name can we give it ? What misfortune ? What vice ? What iniferable vice ? To fee a multitude, an infinite number, not obey, but serve; not be governed Win tyrannized, having neither property, relations, children, nor even their lives w hich thev can call their own (Tih isti,tinued J Saturday, April 50, 1791. For the GAZETTE of the UNITED STATES, ODES ODE I. HINTS TO REVIEWERS. Y£ Men in whom all Science dwelleth ; Whose Wisdom tar the world's excelleth; Who mete out blame in plenteous measure , Or give, of praijc, the precious treafuie; Reigning triumphant o'e r the field of fame, With power unqueftion'd, and with right divine; Renown'd alike tor what you praise or blame: Accept this humble offering at (hrine. Great men, full well you know, With all their knowledge, sometimes err. A fool may sage advice bellow : And oft the mad will virtue (hojv ; And good to wickedness prefer. Then, tho your learning were as great As Iwells the Owl's projecting pale ; Tho' your opinions ne'er were wrong; Your virtue like the hardcn'd fltel\ Your fouls as tender, and as jlrong; And thots in beauteous order throng, Like tickets in a lottery wheel; Yet, without judgment to condr ft these powers, Vainly you (trew rhetoric flowers, And all the world aftonilh with your sense : Then, kindly, from your thrones sublime, Bellow attention to the rhyme; And mark, the impoitant rules which I dispense. Loud groans the Press, the Workmen fly, Sheet after (heet appears. The Binder plies the fcrcw and shears, And a new Work salutes the eye. i Five hundred pages ! how toil to read !' O ! mind it not—you do not wifti To con each fentcnce, groan, and pi(h : 'Tis not required, in Critics to succeed. And never take a general view— There 1 s nothing i nozo that's publifi'd—nezM. 'Tis needful only to feleft, From all the book, a passage hrre and there, To shew how candid y and howfmart you are; A few old rules in criticifin coiled; With a grave face, press-errors ui/c, detc&; Then deal of praise the proper ihare, And suit damnation to a hair. No matter tho' you chance to frlame A part which, in relation to (he whole, i(h a fpint wn*fny end lets fault, 'r- And wakes new"virtue in the human foul. And be not troubled ihould you ptaile bellow On whit, if mealured by the exreuded plan, The traits of fell deformity Ihould (how, And plant new vilr-nefs in the heart of man. t Is't not enough, a passage to disgrace, That a poor zigzag Z supplies an S's place ? Is'tnot enough, the breath of praise to claim, That titles dangle to an Author's name? I can't help laughing, for my fdul, To think how great a fool that Dr. Bl air must be, Whu >« to anxious, in Reviews, to fee A part conlidercd as't refpefts the whole. If this were fight, how wife the Ottrich is, W-ho, close parfued,-'in hollowMtig or tree Thrusts his poor head, and with a joyous b'fs, His body sticking out, exclaims u* glee—■ " If 'twill not work both'ways, a poor rule this— " I can't fee you; you cen't difcov'er me." Ye who, fublime,o'er Fame's dominion reign, Here let me close this monitory drain ; Help'd by the Muses, M another time, New tho'ts, lor you, may blels the Man of Rhyme. From the AMERICAN MERCURY. THE various bounties granted by our legifla rure for the encouragement of the farmers in raising Sheep, has greatly increased that ufe ful animal ; yet much remains to be done, to bring this business to the utmost state of perfec tion which this article will admit of. Not only the increase ot ?iumbers (hou]& be attended to; but ! the quality of the wool also is an eflential objetft. | A short treatise on this fwbjeCt is much wanted — j pointing out the belt mode of managing Sheep, so as to procure the greatest increase of their numbers; how to prevent thedillem pers to which they will be inoft liable in this climate ; what food is molt f'uitable for winter ancFfpring feed ing ; how to prevent their shedding their wool before the proper season of fheafing—and how to procure the fin eft fleeces, suitable for making ! fuperfiire cloths. The making "wool one of the f>aple articles of this Hate, I consider as an objeCt which Ihould not be loft fight of for a moment. — No man who is a descendant of Britain, and who reflects a moment on the causes which have con tributed to raise that nation totheir envied great ness, can hesitate to pronounce it to be their at tention to manufactures—of which, that of woo l holds the firft place. Thofc politicians who de ride the idea of ConneClicnt's becoming a manu facturing country, should never be considered as friends to the (late—or as wife aittl ufeful ltatef men. 1 JOHN. [Whole No. 2ot).] Great-Bi itoin and Ireland might as well de pend 011 hu(bandry as we ; nay better, for Uley are in potlefiion of a finer country —their lauds produpeih better crops, and ihey have less win cer to intercept a constant course of labor in the field, and fucceflion of crops. Yet had Britain depended fiinply on her hulbandry, (he would this day have been ranked among the most infer ior nations ; indeed (he had not maintained lieij independence in the midli of such powerful neighbors. But our farmers ihould not confine their atten tion to railing wool all parts of the ftaie are not equally well calculated for that purpose Hemp and Flax merit their attention, and should be lifted amongst their yearly crops. The pre paring those articles for market, would furnifli labor tor the winter mouths, when so many of our farmers, who have not large crops of grain, are idle. Large funis of money are sent out of this state every year, for hemp—which is now imported, at a heavy expence, from the Baltic. t 1 lax is wanted alio for rigging—but iminenfe quantities are deatanded tor (be. iup.ply: of the Duck IVlanufadures, over and above the constant demand for coarse linens. A short treatise on thebeft method of cultivat ing those two articles, and preparing them for market, is much wanted : Anyone who can fur nifli such a desirable piece of inftrucftion, adapt ed to the most common capacity, would better deserve a Docftorate than most of those who now so cheaply obtain them. There have been federal experiments made, about Norwich, in raising lien>p, which are said to have proved fuccefsful : It is much to be wifli ed a more general spirit of adventure and expe riment were observable amongst our farmers— and that ihey did nor content themselves with barely doing what their fathers have done before them. Some experiments have been made at New-Ha ven in the cultivating of Klax, so as to produce that article iir grearenjbnndan** aiulpeife&ion. 1 hope those gentleman whd have fetn the great benefit of their new mode of culture, will have pu&lic spirit enough to publish the result of their experiments, for the purpose of introducing a more general attention to, and adoption of, their improvements. EXTRACT. MEN fliould never be in hafle to conclude thac any enquiry is impracticable, merely be cause there appears no relation between the pre sent means, and the fact to be ascertained ; for have all the combinations of these means been tried ? If not, who can be certain, that he is ac quainted with all the relations between these means and the faift, which is to exist, and proposed to be ascertained'? This reflection is strengthened by numberlefe inilances, record ed in every page of the hiiiory of natural philo sophy, and more especially of philiology. Con sider how many inventions, for which the an cients would scarce have ditVed to hope, even if they had had a distant glimpse of them, have en riched these f'ciences ! Could they have imagined that the artificial foundation of the germs of va rious animals would one day be acconvplifhed, aud that chickens would b6 hatched without the aid of animal heat, orof a stove ? Need I men tion tbofe admirable chirurgical operations, the miracles of the healing art, which are scarce cre dible even to those who behold them i We are as yet incompetent judges of what is impoffiblo in philosophy ; for we always decide from our present acquisitions of knowledge, which bear no proportion to nature. Nature is immense ; the poifible combinations of beings have 110 bounds, and the human understanding is always too baity in its decisions. The conviction of our ignor ance or moderate attainments, ought to preserve us from despairing of any thing in physics ; we (hould fay to ourfetves, What I cannot discover, another will lay ojieit to every eye. SHEARING OK SHEEP. THE following method has been found effcduaf. Immedi ately after the iheep «»re fliorn, soak the roots of rh* wool that re mains all over with oil, or butter, and bnmftone,afid three or four days afterwards wash them with fait and water, and the wool ot next season will be not only much finer and fofter, but the quan ity will be greatly enlarged, and it may be depended on, that tho flicep will neither be troubled with the scab or vermin that year. BONNET.
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