PUBLISHED WEDNESDAYS AND SATURDAYS BY JOHN FEN NO, No. 69, JgGHSTREET, BETWEEN SECONJ) AND THIRD SIJCEkIS, PHILADELPHIA [No. 96, of Vol. ll.] Discourses on Davila No. 28 (Concluded.) THE death of the Duke of Guise was followed by a general peace—and the Royal Army re takes Havre de Grace from the Englilh. The King arrives at his fourteenth year, and is de clared of age. The Queen's inventive genius imagines various means of appealing the discon tented Princes; and to accomplish her designs, travels with the King through all the provinces of the kingdom. 111 Dauphiny, they contrived an interview with the Duke of Savoy ; ac Avig non, with the Ministers of the Pope ; and on the frontiers of Guienne with the King and Queen of Spain. To rliefe Princes they might commu jiicate their secret designs, without apprehenlion of their coming to the knowledge of the Hugo riots, which would have been almost inevitable, if they had employed Ambalfadors. The Queen, ■with her usual diflimulation, endeavored to pre vent the public from suspecting her genuine de lign, and secret views. She pretended that it was a limple desire in the King to fee his kingdom, and (how himfelf to his people. The Queen pre tended to consent to it only to dil'play before the eyes of the people the magnificence of her court, and to fee her daughter theQueenofSpain. Un der the veil of these appearances, so different from the truth, nothing was seen but magnificent preparations and sumptuous liveries—nothing was talked of but huntings, balls, comedies and leads. The interviews and intrigues in the course of their journey with the Dukes of Lorrain, of Wirtemberg, and other Chiefs of the Proteflants or Catholics in Germany ; the Count Palatine, the Duke of Deux Ponts, the Duke of Saxony, and Marquis of Baden, the Duke of Savoy, and the Miniftersof the Pope,we pass over. In 156;, at Bayonne, they met the Queen of Spain, accom panied with the Duke of Alva and the Count de Benevent: While they pretended to be there wholly employed in feafts and pleafnres, they held secret councils in concert, to abolish the i diversity of religion. The Duke of Alva, amai/ of a violent character, whose very name, as well as that of the Cardinal de Lorrain, is aflociated in every mind with bloody bigotry and anti chriftian intolerance, said boldly, that to cut the root of all novelties in matters of religion, it was neceflary to " cutoff the heads of the pop pies"—" To angle for the large fifh—not amuse themselves with the frogs"—" When the winds ihall cease to blow, the waves of the populace will soon be calmed." These are the miserable maxims of tyranny, whether it be exercised by a single man or a multitude. "There is no dif ference," according to Aristotle, and liiftory and experience, " between a people governing by a majority in a single afl'embly, and a Monarch in a tyranny; for their manners are the fame, and they both hold a despotic power over better per sons than themselves. Their decrees are like the other's edirts—their demagogues like the other's flatterers."—Arijlotle'sJolitics.Ulb.4. cli.4. Old Tarquin would not utter these maxims in words to the meflenger of his son from Gabii, but walked out into his garden and (truck off the heads of the tailed poppies with his daff. With 110 better authority than these trite aphorisms of despotism did the Duke of Alva support his dog in at iim , that a Sovereign could do nothing more fhameful or contrary to his interelts, than to grant to his fabjects liberty of conscience, and his ad vice to employ (ire and sword, to exterminate the Chiefs of the Hugonots. Origin of the Bank of England, tin d iti Utility to the Slate. THE derivation of the name is from Banca, the Italian word for the Bench, on which money changers anciently fat in the public markets. The fii ft bank for the fecnrity of private pro perty, was that of Venice, formed in the 12th century ; and all the forms of transfer, accord ing to the present pratftice were then regulated. she bank of England was projetfed in the reign of William and Mary, by Mr. William Patterfon, a merchant, who submitted hisfcheme to the Privy Council. It was, after considerable deliberation, eltabli/hed by ad: of Parliament, executed on the 27th July, in the year 1694 ; and the stature enaifted, that their Majesties might Jake particular subscriptions for t,200,0061. of any pei sons, foreigners of natives, whom their Wednesday, March 50, 1791. Majesties were empowered to incorporate, with a yearly allowance of ioo,oool. viz. 96,0001. or eight per cent, for" interest, till redeemed, and 40001. to be allowed the bank for the expence of management. The title of " Governor and Com pany of the Bank of England," was confer red ; and their fund abovementioned to be re deemable upon a year's notice, after the ift of August, 170s, and payment ot the principal, and then the corporation to cease. Its eftablifliment from the day of institution has never been (liaken ; they were originally prohibited from borrowing more than 1,200,0001. except on Parliament funds; but 011 the 3d February 1708 —9, their capital was enlarged ; and on the 20th of Au gust, 17r5, the royal aflent was given for its be ing farther extended, in order to raise a sum of 910,000!. for the service of the public. In the year 171 7, the bank lent government two millions and a half, at 5 per cent. In July 1742, the further fuin of i,600,0001. was advanced for a renewal of their charter: and, chough iu 1746 they were enabled to lend government i,000,0001. more, tliey were so preii ed the preceding year during the rebellion, that on the 20th September they began making pay ments in a further loan of 1,400,000!. at three per cent, In the year 1749 —jo, the bank and South Sea <iirecftors agreed to the reduction of the inrereft of the national debt, upon a proposition of Par liament ; and in two days the sum subscribed was upwards of 40 millions. Their notes in 1696 bore 20 per cent, discount, and were under par in 174J, when the merchants of London aflbciated, and agreed to take them as specie. Under the adminiitration of the firll William Pitt they acquired credit on the conti nent, and after the peace of 1763 were univer sally current through Europe. Small notes of 101. and ijl. each, were not ifl'ued till the year WJ9- JROM A LUNDON MAGAZINE. the following lujlances of the medical Ejfeft oj Mag netism, were communicated in a Letter to Doc tor Simmons, F. R. S. by Mr. Thomas Hen ry, F. R. S. Apothecary, at Manchelter, and inserted in the London Medical Journal. " A Young gentleman had been for some days troubled with a very severe tooth-ach, for which he had tried all the usual remedies with out faccefs, and was on the point of submitting to the extraction of the tooth, when a friend in forming him that the application of a magnet had been known to effetft a cure, he immediate ly purchased a small artificial one, fnch as those fold in the (hops for tobacco (toppers, and, with little expetftation of success, applied it to his tooth : to his great surprise, in a few minutes the pain entirely ceased, nor had he an« return of it afterwards. " Being myfelf afflicfted last winter with se vere pain in a decayed tooth, which was too rot ten to beeafily extracted, and having tried vari ous remedies in vain, I recolle<fted the above cafe, and, having a magnet in the house, ap plied it to the tooth: instant relief succeeded, my pain left me ; and though it afterwards re turned several times in the course of a few days, it was condantly removed by the magnet, which I carried for that purpose in my pocket, and I have since remained quite free from it. " About fix weeks since a tinnitus aurium was very troublesome every night. At frrfb I only perceived it when I lay upon my right fide, on which was the afflicted ear; but it loon increas ed so as to dillnrb me on which ever fide I recli ned. One night, being much disturbed at it, and having nothing near that seemed likely to relieve me except the magnet, I determined to apply it, and introducing it into my ear, and holding it there for fonie few minutes, when 1 again lay down, 1 was free from the noise, nor did it return for several nights. A flight attack which happened in the courf'e of t+iat week, was rriftaiwly removed by the fame means, since which time 1 have been perfectly relieved from my complaint." . Boston, March 10. Extratl of a letter from Pujfamaquada, to a penile .t • . i . i r> ) _ . man in this tow/i, dated February 24. " I take the earliest opportunity to acquaim you, his Excellency Governor Carletonhas been pleased to permit (by proclamation) lumber into our fettlemerit." 797 r * Whole No. 200.] CONGRESS. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. SATURDAY, Feb. 5. The BAN K BILL under confideraiion. (Conclusion of Mr. Stone's Speech.) TH E preceding remarks (heobferved) (hew ed how dangerous is the doctrine of im plication, and upon what small data ingenuity can raise the most dangerous fuperftru<fture. He said he fliould now take a view of those prece dents in the former and piefent Congress which are relied on to juftify the prcfent meafm e. ill. The Bank of North America : Here he stated the diitrefsful and critical situation of Ame rica at that period ; he remarked that ic was at the declension of the continental money. He (hewed that there were no powers in the confede ration to which (even according to the reason ing of the other fide) this power could be inci dentalbut what required thevoreof 9 States ; that the ordinance palled by a vote of seven Sta es, which fliowed that neceflity alone gave birth to that measure. He (howed the dillimularity of the iituations of the 1 former and this Congress, and the difference in their powe s and conle quently in the dangers to be appiehended from the encroachment of either. ad. The redemption of our prisoners ac Al giers : This comes within the power ro regulate trade. If, faicl he, we are not capable of re deeming by the bell means in our power our ci tizens—our trade may be entirely ruined ; and lieuce the law which shall be marie for re demption would be neceffiiry and proper. But by the constitution the executive may make trea ties ; these ntay be general or for a particular ob jetft and the legislature may effeiftuare thesn by grants of money. 3<J. We have bought certificates, and not deC* troyed them : This they fay is implied from the power of paying the debts. He asked, if before the purchnfe the certificates were debts due from the United States ? And demanded, if by the purchase they were diverted of that quality ? Now (said he) in my judgment when a debt is fairly cancelled it is as much like 3 payment as need be. 4th. We had no right except by implication to give a salary to the Vice-Prefident. He (aid he had voted againlt the salary and had been for a psr dism allowance, because he thought the Vice-Trefident was viewed by the conltitution only as Prelident of the Senate. But thisexam ple fails mod palpably, as Congress in the com pensations are not confined by the conltitution either to a particular sum 01" mode of payment. sth. Congress have made corporations and ex ercised compleat legislation in the Western Ter ritory. He said to answer this cafe nothing more was neceflary than to read the clause in the con itiiution which give to Congress expressly the power to make all rules and regulation for them. It seemed to him as if gentlemen were invert ing the order of things ; by making powers where there were none—and attempting to prove exr press grants to be implications. 6ih. Our regulations refpecling freighters and owners—and between captains and Teamen : He had not those regulations correctly in his memo ry but he believed them proper and necellary re gulations of commerce. 7th. It has been said we have exclusive jurif didtion in places belonging to Congress, and within the lo miles fquarc. We could erect a Bank in any of those places ; its influence would extend over the continent—the principle upon whjch we founded this power could not be con fined to a particular time or a spot of land. Gen jremeu ridicule the idea that the exercise of a pervading influence and a general principle (hould be limited by any particular number of years or be confined within a fort. He said the power of exclusive legislation in those places was expressly granted, and under its influence the Congress might exercise compleat and exclusive' legislation within those limits ; that the power was confined to the places. But if the genera
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