tinguilhable at one or the other of the lunar poles lie also proves, that like the poles of the earth, they are alternately covered with snow and ice. Mr. Herfchell is now waiting anxiously for a to tal lunar eclipse, in hopes ic will afford him an opportunity of making some new discoveries, to improve the planetary knowledge of the eigh teenth century. Miss Herfchel, lifter to the As tronomer, has lately written a second letter to the lioval lociety, on aitronomical fubje<sts, which is much read and approved of. We have, indeed, sio woman upon record in this orany other coun try, who has applied tubes withfuch success, t6 the planetary system, as this Lady." Extrail of a letter from London, S?pt. 3. " Under the eye of Mr. Htrfchel, the Universe eilcreales upon us. He has recently enumerated forty-jour thoufar.d flars in the space of a tew de grees ; and, by analogy, there appears to be no less than feventy-five millions in the visible heavens. If they fill infinite space, their number mull of consequence be infinite also. No part of mathe matical science is more apt to surprize the gener ality of mankind than the measurement of the re lative positions and distances of inncceffible objects. To determine the distance of a Ihip seen on a re mote pare of the unvaried furface of the ocean— toafcertain the height of the clouds and meteors which float in the atmosphere, and to (hew with certainty, the wonderful dimensions and distan ces of the fun and other bodies, apparently glid ing on the fame visible canopy, are among those problems, which, to the unletter'd, seem beyond the reach of human art —they are, nevertheless, truly resolved, by means of inftrumentsconftruc't edou mathematical principles." from the prodigious number of Europeans, as well as not a few American veflels that have long been in the habit of frequenting the northern polar seas for the fake of taking whales and other fish for the production of oil, those animals have of iate years become comparatively scarce. The demand for oil, which is indispensable, has now put many of the adventurous owners of Ihips in the four eastern states, upon fending their veflels to the southern extremity of the globe for this purpofc, where, especially from the fiftieth to the fixtietli degrees of latitude, whales are from ex perience known to besides (on the(hores) /eals, sea lions, and other aquatic animals, that are capable of yielding this article in a propor tionate abundance. Several veflels have failed from the ports of the eastern states, since the be ginning of Augufton this voyage, molt of which are expedted to return the latter end of next summer, or the beginning of autumn. Monsizu r. Voi ney, the great traveller, and whofc voyage to the Holy Land and othcr(partsof Asia, has given the world (o much pleasure in its perusal, is now a member of the I'rcnch National Ad'embly. Remarkable was his sentiment, when in giving his opinion on thetgreat question of granting a complete liberty to the Press in France, under the renovated government, he observed as follows :—" As in ships (said he) inhabited by a great number of people where thcie is a constant and fatal tendency to putrefa&i on, it bccomes absolutely necessary (in order to preserve health) to fumigate, scrape, sprinkle with vinegar,and convey a conltant supply of frefh air by every means possible into the interior parts between and'below the decks ; in like manner in every govern ment, even the mod free, there is afimilar ftroug tendency of those at) office towards despotism and tyranny. The libei ty of the press, is in this cafe the great ventilator, the salutary vinegar, the busy scraping iron, and th? searching fumigator—it is this that will in iutuie preserve our political health in particular ; and I will be bold to fay, that in any kingdom even the mod extensive, wheie the people can read and write, and there is a press absolutely and and sacredly free—there the monfterof tyranny cannot enter—the poisonous fcrpent will not be able to breathe—she mud either sicken and die, or depart into those realms and regions whose at jnofphere is more congeuial to her own nature.'* Philadelphia, Nov. 20. WE can get no futther intelligence of thcvcflel which lately ar rived, by report, from England, in 22 days paHagc, at Rappahan nock. No European news of so recent a date having appeared in the southern papers, we presume the whole account is a fabrica tion, to answer, perhaps, some commercial speculation—whether in paper 01 grain, we will not pretend to fay—or whether we have any Bulls and Bears in the United Stated, time will disclose. The following veflels lay in the port of Phila delphia, on Friday Nov. 12,1790. jo Ships, 45 Brigs, 25 Schooners, 43 Sloops, 1 Snow. By the returns of the MILITIA of the slate of Connecticut, there appearsto be fix brigades, thir teen Regiments of Infantry, fix of Cavalry, three companies of Matrofles, and three companies of State Guards, amounting in the whole to thirty thoufand effective men, well officered and appoint ed, and completely armed ; nioft of the regi ments were reviewed last month, and arc gene rally in a neat uniform. A degree of emulation pervades officers and privates to excel in the mi litary art, that does honor to them as freemen, and as citizens of a republic, who are determined io support the conftitntion and government of the country, without the aid of a Handing army, or an expensive national militia. It is hoped the example will extend to the neighbouring llates, mid through the union, that foreign nations may have 110 inducement ro attack us, when they find ws constantly prepaTe4 for war. The loan which has lately been negociated in Holland with lb much.facility and dispatch,—the frequent and ref'pedtful mention which is now made of this country in foreign prints—the anx iety which has been (hewn by the Englilh left the United States should take part with the Spani ards, in cale a war should break out between the two powers, and the desire which England ex prefles to conclude a treaty with us, mark the change in the sentiments of foreign nations with regard to us, in the strongest manner. (General Advertijer.) A correspondent oblerves, that the emigration of trench citizens to this country, at this period, is an event ofa very Angular nature : Atthe mo ment when the people of France are emerging from the depths of defpoiil'm, and are averting their claim to those rights and privileges which confer real dignity on the human character, a very considerable number of their fellow citizens are Seeking an asylum in the wilds of America. This is the apparent state of the cafe: Buta few reflections may serve to place it in a different point of view. These emigrants have discover ed by their conduct, that they entertain just and competent ideas of liberty, by electing this land of freedom as thfir retreat: Here a government is already eltablifhed, which secures the proper ty and equal rights of all : They reason on firm principles, when they aflociate the idea of a bal lanced government, liketliat ofthe UnitedStaies, with that of civil liberty ; for life, liberty and property, are certainly afloat where a despotic majority bears all before it. How long this may continue to be the cafe in France, appeared to these emigrants uncertain— tor power is intoxicating—and the majority there have certainly made the niott unbounded use of theirs, b) poflefling themlelves at a stroke, of the greatest amount of wealth that ever was confifca ted to the use of the public. The conafcation of clie property of the clergy—and the voluntary contributien of a great proportion of the estates of individuals to public nfes, may be neceflary— but are doubtlels considered as very alarming precedents—for plausible pretexts are never wanted by uncontrolled power, to make indis criminate appropriations for the public good— 110 man, or body of men—no profeflion is exempt —and so long as power can be supported by coii fifcations, the profped: of a conltitution, which ilia 11 check the rapacity of the majority, is an il lusive idea. How far these emigrants are to blame for quitting the pleasant fields of France, when the exigencies of their country called for the a bilitiesand patriotic exertions of all good citizens, is problematical. Had they feel) a fair prospect of fettled times, under the auspices of a free go vernment, it is hardly to be supposed they would have encountered the perils of the sea, and the hardlhips of the wilderness, that they might pass the residue of life in peace, security and freedom. From hence we may infer, that emigration from France at this cifis, is an imperfetfl comment on the French revolution. The fcveral diftri&s in Maflachufetts in which no of Federal Representative hath taken place, arc to vote again on Fri day the 26th inft. His Excellency John Edgar Howard, is unammoufly rc elc&ed Governor of the State of Maryland. Philadelphia sincerely sympathizes with the town of Bolton, in the loss of her invaluable ci tizen, thelateGov. Bowdoin. This gentleman's conduct in private and public life, has long ex cited the love of his friends, and the admiration of the molt distant States. His firmnefs cruflied the rebellion in Maflachufetts in 1787. He pre fered character to popularity, and the elteem of wife and good men, to the praise and flattery of the ignorant and unthinking multitude. Some men have opposed a iingle tyrant with boldness, who have afterwards basely crouched to the sol ly and tyranny of the people ; but Gov. Bowdoin poflefled the lingular fortitude of opposing a whole body of hisconftituents when they were acling un der a fit of temporary madness. May such Go vernors be immortal in the annals of America !— (From Mr. Brown's Gazette.) Died, at Fayetteville, the Hon. Joh?i Stokes, Esq. Judge of the Dillricfl Couvt for North-Carolina- Diftricft. PRICE CURRENT. PUBLIC SECURITIES, FUNDED DEBT. 6 pr. Cents 14f. pr. £ 3 pr. Cents 7/3 ~fy- Dctcred 6 pr. Cents 6/3, UNFUNDED DEBT. Final Scttl.and other Certificates 12/5 —12/6. Indents 7/3 7/4- State debts 8 A. ——8/?. LAI Ldl AKKIVALb AL I HJH PORT. Brig Hannah, Marlhal, Gibraltar, 56 days Sloop Friendftiip, Deal, St. Martins Polly, Ellwood, Virginia 9. John Francis, Late of Niw-York, refpeafully informs the public, that he has opened a Commodious Boarding No. 53, Fourth-Street, one door from Race-Street, WHERE Gentlemen may be accommodated with CEKTEEL BOARDING AND LODGING, By the Week, Month, or Year, and on the most moderate terms. Phila. Nov. 20, 1790,— —[aaw^m.J 647 or 70 pr. cent, or 36J do. 33 do > do. 36J do. 4 1J do. House, AS the ladies in general are more affe&ed by the prevalence of immorality nun men, it often furpiizes me, that they do not cuiicdvor 10 look thole vices out of countenance among our sex, which are so frequently fatal to their own tranquility. l.ouis the XlVth was it.led the o R eat— with how much justice will appear from the following txtra£l of a letter, written to luni by the excellent feneton. " Your people whom you ought love as your children, and who have hitherto fell so strong an dffettion for you, are dying of hunger. The cultivation of the country is almost wholly aban doned ; the towns and villages are depopulated ; every species of trade is decaycd,and no longer supports those who work in it j com merce is annihilated.—.You have consequently deflroyed one hait the real internal flrength of your kingdom, to gain and maintain litllecontjuefts abroad. Instead of draining money from the im poverilhed people, it was necelfary to give them alms and food. The whole kingdom of Fiance is become a great hospital, deso late and without provisions. The inagiflrates arc degraded, and the nobility, againfl whom judgements have been obtained, live only by protections. You are importuned by crouds who de mand and who murmur.—lt is you, yourfelf, Sire, who have cre ated all these embarrafTinents ; for the whole kingdom being iu ined, you haveevery thing in your own hands, and none can live but by your benefactions. Such, Sire, is this great kingdom, such is its prosperity, under a King who is every day piinted as the de light of his people, and who would be so in reality, if the counsels of fychophants had not poifoncd him." Rome once mistress of the world, owed her origin to a band of ruffians, whom (he hafelf would have gibettcd in almoftanv fub iequeut peiioil of her existence. What were the firft foundefs of the Bviiifh empire but a moiley colle&ion of abandoned wretches ! And are not the justly tamed Americans their lineal descendants ? The philosopher, when he contemplates human nature as liable to degenerate to a level with the brute, may, by turning the picture again, beaold it emerging from its debasement, and, riftng on the grades of refinement, claim alliance with the angels of light. By virtue and indullry the United States hold their claim to greatness: Laden with our own produce, the Amcncaa flag is the Olive Branch ot Peace in every feftion of the globe. That our citizens should be brought up in habits of virtue and industry is as elTemial to the prosperity of our country, as it is to families or individuals: Everyman has some part to atl on the bufyftage of life,and if"anyone negle&s the lot afiigned him, so ciety is mjuied by the omiflioo, 01 it mufl be remedied by the en creafed cxcrtionof others. Postscript. BY THE MAIL ARRIVED LAST EVENING. ABSTRACT OF FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE. PHILADELPHIA, Nov. 20. A Gentleman, who arrived in townyejleriay from Alexandria, informs ; That a vejfel had arrived there from Dunkirk, and brought accounts to the firjl of October—which jlate, that a full accommodation of all differences had taken place, between Spain and En gland. By recent accounts from Holland we are informed, that owing to the great decline of the Dutch commerce the agio of the bank, of Amsterdam has fallen to less than one per cent, above par. The average ol the agio or advancc on bank, money has com monly been 3 per. cent. 2nd it has frequently been up to 5 per cent. The price of silver had also greatly risen, dollars were at 53 stivers ; this extraordinary event is accounted for on different principles, the general idea is, that it originated in the great de mand for fpecic to Ihip tothe United States. There can be no doubt of the Spanish fleets' having re turned into port the 6th Sept. This account has been corrobora ted from vaiious quarters; consequently the story of an engage ment, via Charleifon, (S. C.) falls to the ground. The very formidable preparations made by Great-Britain, are evidently designed to prevent a war. Peace is perhaps more necelTary to that country, thaji to any other in Europe: This is the opinion of Mr. Pi tt, and ofhet - wisest and best men: Spaia will therefore deliberate a good while before she attacks a power, in itfelf more than her match, and prepared at all points for the worst. France cannot seriously meditate hostilities : According to the statements made by her patriots in the National Assembly, her fi nances are in so critical a situation, that extra expenccs at this en ds, would involve the nation in bankruptcy. Catharine,deferred by the Empeior,is looking out for new al lies ; but the account of her entering into an alliance with Sweden, in order to support the war against the Porte, is hardly credible, if, as has been reported, Sweden has been in league with the latter. —Should it, however, turn out to be fact, that Qie considers Gufta vus no longer as an enemy, it ftiongly indicates that ihe is tired of, or io much exhausted by the war, that she is determined to fol low the example of the Emperor of Germany, and make peace with the Turks. It is intercfting to trace the different origins of the commotions which agitate the various parts of Europe. In France the revolution was preceded by free thinking, li bertinism and philofophy—before these down topples the whole hierarchy ; for making a fweepflakes of the property of the cler gy—that formidable pillar of despotism is Tapped at its founda tion. In Germany, on the other hand, only the gradual attempts of the late Emperor to reform abuses, has kindled a flame of op position to what is there confidcred as an outrageous attack on the dearest rights and privileges of the people. By a London paper of ißih Sept. it appears that Peace was proclaimed at Stockholm, capital of Sweden, the 31ft August. The late fire at Madrid burnt ten days. ' The Britilh fleet under Lord Hows had arrived at Spithead, and the general opinion in London was, that there would be peacc through Europe. On Saturday the 6th inft. died at Bollon, aged 64, the Hon. Jam es Bo wdoi n, Esq. late Governor of the State of Massachu setts ; President of the American Academy of Arts and Scienccs ; and of the Massachusetts Humane Society ; Fellow of the Royal So cieties of London and Dublin ; and 0% the Society of Arts in G. Britain ; and Doctor ot Laws in the Universities of Cambridge and Edinburgh. \_An account Sf his funeral folemnitiesJhalL ap pear in our next.] Virtue alone boasts immortality / By death transplanted to congenial climes, It blooms eternal near the throne of Goo ! BOW DO IN is gone !— Columbia feels the.ft roke Which took hi in : — When good men die, The sacred barrier round the public weal Sustains a breach ——* — Death may destroy his thousands in an hour, Nor make the flighted impress on creation :— Time rolls oblivious o'er the common wave, And makes the rippling fca soon fraooth again ; Hut Science, Virtue, Honor. Patiiot-Worth, Rcmov'd to Heav'n, a chasm leave behind That Nature'* age will prove too fljort to Jill# l. XTR ACTS.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers