tinguilhable at one or the other of the lunar poles
lie also proves, that like the poles of the earth,
they are alternately covered with snow and ice.
Mr. Herfchell is now waiting anxiously for a to
tal lunar eclipse, in hopes ic will afford him an
opportunity of making some new discoveries, to
improve the planetary knowledge of the eigh
teenth century. Miss Herfchel, lifter to the As
tronomer, has lately written a second letter to the
lioval lociety, on aitronomical fubje<sts, which is
much read and approved of. We have, indeed,
sio woman upon record in this orany other coun
try, who has applied tubes withfuch success, t6
the planetary system, as this Lady."
Extrail of a letter from London, S?pt. 3.
" Under the eye of Mr. Htrfchel, the Universe
eilcreales upon us. He has recently enumerated
forty-jour thoufar.d flars in the space of a tew de
grees ; and, by analogy, there appears to be no
less than feventy-five millions in the visible heavens.
If they fill infinite space, their number mull of
consequence be infinite also. No part of mathe
matical science is more apt to surprize the gener
ality of mankind than the measurement of the re
lative positions and distances of inncceffible objects.
To determine the distance of a Ihip seen on a re
mote pare of the unvaried furface of the ocean—
toafcertain the height of the clouds and meteors
which float in the atmosphere, and to (hew with
certainty, the wonderful dimensions and distan
ces of the fun and other bodies, apparently glid
ing on the fame visible canopy, are among those
problems, which, to the unletter'd, seem beyond
the reach of human art —they are, nevertheless,
truly resolved, by means of inftrumentsconftruc't
edou mathematical principles."
from the prodigious number of Europeans, as
well as not a few American veflels that have long
been in the habit of frequenting the northern
polar seas for the fake of taking whales and other
fish for the production of oil, those animals have
of iate years become comparatively scarce. The
demand for oil, which is indispensable, has now
put many of the adventurous owners of Ihips in
the four eastern states, upon fending their veflels
to the southern extremity of the globe for this
purpofc, where, especially from the fiftieth to the
fixtietli degrees of latitude, whales are from ex
perience known to besides (on the(hores)
/eals, sea lions, and other aquatic animals, that
are capable of yielding this article in a propor
tionate abundance. Several veflels have failed
from the ports of the eastern states, since the be
ginning of Augufton this voyage, molt of which
are expedted to return the latter end of next
summer, or the beginning of autumn.
Monsizu r. Voi ney, the great traveller, and whofc voyage to
the Holy Land and othcr(partsof Asia, has given the world (o much
pleasure in its perusal, is now a member of the I'rcnch National
Ad'embly. Remarkable was his sentiment, when in giving his
opinion on thetgreat question of granting a complete liberty to the
Press in France, under the renovated government, he observed as
follows :—" As in ships (said he) inhabited by a great number of
people where thcie is a constant and fatal tendency to putrefa&i
on, it bccomes absolutely necessary (in order to preserve health)
to fumigate, scrape, sprinkle with vinegar,and convey a conltant
supply of frefh air by every means possible into the interior parts
between and'below the decks ; in like manner in every govern
ment, even the mod free, there is afimilar ftroug tendency of those
at) office towards despotism and tyranny. The libei ty of the press,
is in this cafe the great ventilator, the salutary vinegar, the busy
scraping iron, and th? searching fumigator—it is this that will in
iutuie preserve our political health in particular ; and I will be
bold to fay, that in any kingdom even the mod extensive, wheie
the people can read and write, and there is a press absolutely and
and sacredly free—there the monfterof tyranny cannot enter—the
poisonous fcrpent will not be able to breathe—she mud either
sicken and die, or depart into those realms and regions whose at
jnofphere is more congeuial to her own nature.'*
Philadelphia, Nov. 20.
WE can get no futther intelligence of thcvcflel which lately ar
rived, by report, from England, in 22 days paHagc, at Rappahan
nock. No European news of so recent a date having appeared in
the southern papers, we presume the whole account is a fabrica
tion, to answer, perhaps, some commercial speculation—whether
in paper 01 grain, we will not pretend to fay—or whether we have
any Bulls and Bears in the United Stated, time will disclose.
The following veflels lay in the port of Phila
delphia, on Friday Nov. 12,1790.
jo Ships,
45 Brigs,
25 Schooners,
43 Sloops,
1 Snow.
By the returns of the MILITIA of the slate of
Connecticut, there appearsto be fix brigades, thir
teen Regiments of Infantry, fix of Cavalry, three
companies of Matrofles, and three companies of
State Guards, amounting in the whole to thirty
thoufand effective men, well officered and appoint
ed, and completely armed ; nioft of the regi
ments were reviewed last month, and arc gene
rally in a neat uniform. A degree of emulation
pervades officers and privates to excel in the mi
litary art, that does honor to them as freemen,
and as citizens of a republic, who are determined
io support the conftitntion and government of
the country, without the aid of a Handing army,
or an expensive national militia. It is hoped the
example will extend to the neighbouring llates,
mid through the union, that foreign nations may
have 110 inducement ro attack us, when they find
ws constantly prepaTe4 for war.
The loan which has lately been negociated in
Holland with lb much.facility and dispatch,—the
frequent and ref'pedtful mention which is now
made of this country in foreign prints—the anx
iety which has been (hewn by the Englilh left the
United States should take part with the Spani
ards, in cale a war should break out between the
two powers, and the desire which England ex
prefles to conclude a treaty with us, mark the
change in the sentiments of foreign
nations with regard to us, in the strongest manner.
(General Advertijer.)
A correspondent oblerves, that the emigration
of trench citizens to this country, at this period,
is an event ofa very Angular nature : Atthe mo
ment when the people of France are emerging
from the depths of defpoiil'm, and are averting
their claim to those rights and privileges which
confer real dignity on the human character, a
very considerable number of their fellow citizens
are Seeking an asylum in the wilds of America.
This is the apparent state of the cafe: Buta few
reflections may serve to place it in a different
point of view. These emigrants have discover
ed by their conduct, that they entertain just and
competent ideas of liberty, by electing this land
of freedom as thfir retreat: Here a government
is already eltablifhed, which secures the proper
ty and equal rights of all : They reason on firm
principles, when they aflociate the idea of a bal
lanced government, liketliat ofthe UnitedStaies,
with that of civil liberty ; for life, liberty and
property, are certainly afloat where a despotic
majority bears all before it.
How long this may continue to be the cafe in
France, appeared to these emigrants uncertain—
tor power is intoxicating—and the majority there
have certainly made the niott unbounded use of
theirs, b) poflefling themlelves at a stroke, of the
greatest amount of wealth that ever was confifca
ted to the use of the public. The conafcation of
clie property of the clergy—and the voluntary
contributien of a great proportion of the estates
of individuals to public nfes, may be neceflary—
but are doubtlels considered as very alarming
precedents—for plausible pretexts are never
wanted by uncontrolled power, to make indis
criminate appropriations for the public good—
110 man, or body of men—no profeflion is exempt
—and so long as power can be supported by coii
fifcations, the profped: of a conltitution, which
ilia 11 check the rapacity of the majority, is an il
lusive idea. How far these emigrants are to blame
for quitting the pleasant fields of France, when
the exigencies of their country called for the a
bilitiesand patriotic exertions of all good citizens,
is problematical. Had they feel) a fair prospect
of fettled times, under the auspices of a free go
vernment, it is hardly to be supposed they would
have encountered the perils of the sea, and the
hardlhips of the wilderness, that they might pass
the residue of life in peace, security and freedom.
From hence we may infer, that emigration from
France at this cifis, is an imperfetfl comment on
the French revolution.
The fcveral diftri&s in Maflachufetts in which no of
Federal Representative hath taken place, arc to vote again on Fri
day the 26th inft.
His Excellency John Edgar Howard, is unammoufly rc
elc&ed Governor of the State of Maryland.
Philadelphia sincerely sympathizes with the
town of Bolton, in the loss of her invaluable ci
tizen, thelateGov. Bowdoin. This gentleman's
conduct in private and public life, has long ex
cited the love of his friends, and the admiration
of the molt distant States. His firmnefs cruflied
the rebellion in Maflachufetts in 1787. He pre
fered character to popularity, and the elteem of
wife and good men, to the praise and flattery of
the ignorant and unthinking multitude. Some
men have opposed a iingle tyrant with boldness,
who have afterwards basely crouched to the sol
ly and tyranny of the people ; but Gov. Bowdoin
poflefled the lingular fortitude of opposing a whole
body of hisconftituents when they were acling un
der a fit of temporary madness. May such Go
vernors be immortal in the annals of America !—
(From Mr. Brown's Gazette.)
Died, at Fayetteville, the Hon. Joh?i Stokes, Esq.
Judge of the Dillricfl Couvt for North-Carolina-
Diftricft.
PRICE CURRENT. PUBLIC SECURITIES,
FUNDED DEBT.
6 pr. Cents 14f. pr. £
3 pr. Cents 7/3 ~fy-
Dctcred 6 pr. Cents 6/3,
UNFUNDED DEBT.
Final Scttl.and other Certificates 12/5 —12/6.
Indents 7/3 7/4-
State debts 8 A. ——8/?.
LAI Ldl AKKIVALb AL I HJH PORT.
Brig Hannah, Marlhal, Gibraltar, 56 days
Sloop Friendftiip, Deal, St. Martins
Polly, Ellwood, Virginia 9.
John Francis,
Late of Niw-York, refpeafully informs the public, that he
has opened a
Commodious Boarding
No. 53, Fourth-Street, one door from Race-Street,
WHERE Gentlemen may be accommodated with
CEKTEEL BOARDING AND LODGING,
By the Week, Month, or Year, and on the most moderate terms.
Phila. Nov. 20, 1790,— —[aaw^m.J
647
or 70 pr. cent,
or 36J do.
33 do >
do.
36J do.
4 1J do.
House,
AS the ladies in general are more affe&ed by the prevalence of
immorality nun men, it often furpiizes me, that they do not
cuiicdvor 10 look thole vices out of countenance among our sex,
which are so frequently fatal to their own tranquility.
l.ouis the XlVth was it.led the o R eat— with how much justice
will appear from the following txtra£l of a letter, written to luni
by the excellent feneton.
" Your people whom you ought love as your children, and
who have hitherto fell so strong an dffettion for you, are dying of
hunger. The cultivation of the country is almost wholly aban
doned ; the towns and villages are depopulated ; every species of
trade is decaycd,and no longer supports those who work in it j com
merce is annihilated.—.You have consequently deflroyed one hait
the real internal flrength of your kingdom, to gain and maintain
litllecontjuefts abroad. Instead of draining money from the im
poverilhed people, it was necelfary to give them alms and food.
The whole kingdom of Fiance is become a great hospital, deso
late and without provisions. The inagiflrates arc degraded, and
the nobility, againfl whom judgements have been obtained, live
only by protections. You are importuned by crouds who de
mand and who murmur.—lt is you, yourfelf, Sire, who have cre
ated all these embarrafTinents ; for the whole kingdom being iu
ined, you haveevery thing in your own hands, and none can live
but by your benefactions. Such, Sire, is this great kingdom, such
is its prosperity, under a King who is every day piinted as the de
light of his people, and who would be so in reality, if the counsels
of fychophants had not poifoncd him."
Rome once mistress of the world, owed her origin to a band of
ruffians, whom (he hafelf would have gibettcd in almoftanv fub
iequeut peiioil of her existence. What were the firft foundefs of
the Bviiifh empire but a moiley colle&ion of abandoned wretches !
And are not the justly tamed Americans their lineal descendants ?
The philosopher, when he contemplates human nature as liable to
degenerate to a level with the brute, may, by turning the picture
again, beaold it emerging from its debasement, and, riftng on the
grades of refinement, claim alliance with the angels of light.
By virtue and indullry the United States hold their claim to
greatness: Laden with our own produce, the Amcncaa flag is the
Olive Branch ot Peace in every feftion of the globe.
That our citizens should be brought up in habits of virtue and
industry is as elTemial to the prosperity of our country, as it is to
families or individuals: Everyman has some part to atl on the
bufyftage of life,and if"anyone negle&s the lot afiigned him, so
ciety is mjuied by the omiflioo, 01 it mufl be remedied by the en
creafed cxcrtionof others.
Postscript.
BY THE MAIL ARRIVED LAST EVENING.
ABSTRACT OF FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE.
PHILADELPHIA, Nov. 20.
A Gentleman, who arrived in townyejleriay from
Alexandria, informs ; That a vejfel had arrived there
from Dunkirk, and brought accounts to the firjl of
October—which jlate, that a full accommodation of all
differences had taken place, between Spain and En
gland.
By recent accounts from Holland we are informed, that owing
to the great decline of the Dutch commerce the agio of the bank,
of Amsterdam has fallen to less than one per cent, above par.
The average ol the agio or advancc on bank, money has com
monly been 3 per. cent. 2nd it has frequently been up to 5 per
cent. The price of silver had also greatly risen, dollars were at
53 stivers ; this extraordinary event is accounted for on different
principles, the general idea is, that it originated in the great de
mand for fpecic to Ihip tothe United States.
There can be no doubt of the Spanish fleets' having re
turned into port the 6th Sept. This account has been corrobora
ted from vaiious quarters; consequently the story of an engage
ment, via Charleifon, (S. C.) falls to the ground.
The very formidable preparations made by Great-Britain,
are evidently designed to prevent a war. Peace is perhaps more
necelTary to that country, thaji to any other in Europe: This is the
opinion of Mr. Pi tt, and ofhet - wisest and best men: Spaia
will therefore deliberate a good while before she attacks a power,
in itfelf more than her match, and prepared at all points for the
worst.
France cannot seriously meditate hostilities : According to the
statements made by her patriots in the National Assembly, her fi
nances are in so critical a situation, that extra expenccs at this en
ds, would involve the nation in bankruptcy.
Catharine,deferred by the Empeior,is looking out for new al
lies ; but the account of her entering into an alliance with Sweden,
in order to support the war against the Porte, is hardly credible, if,
as has been reported, Sweden has been in league with the latter.
—Should it, however, turn out to be fact, that Qie considers Gufta
vus no longer as an enemy, it ftiongly indicates that ihe is tired
of, or io much exhausted by the war, that she is determined to fol
low the example of the Emperor of Germany, and make peace
with the Turks.
It is intercfting to trace the different origins of the commotions
which agitate the various parts of Europe.
In France the revolution was preceded by free thinking, li
bertinism and philofophy—before these down topples the whole
hierarchy ; for making a fweepflakes of the property of the cler
gy—that formidable pillar of despotism is Tapped at its founda
tion.
In Germany, on the other hand, only the gradual attempts
of the late Emperor to reform abuses, has kindled a flame of op
position to what is there confidcred as an outrageous attack on the
dearest rights and privileges of the people.
By a London paper of ißih Sept. it appears that Peace was
proclaimed at Stockholm, capital of Sweden, the 31ft August.
The late fire at Madrid burnt ten days.
' The Britilh fleet under Lord Hows had arrived at Spithead,
and the general opinion in London was, that there would be peacc
through Europe.
On Saturday the 6th inft. died at Bollon, aged 64, the Hon.
Jam es Bo wdoi n, Esq. late Governor of the State of Massachu
setts ; President of the American Academy of Arts and Scienccs ;
and of the Massachusetts Humane Society ; Fellow of the Royal So
cieties of London and Dublin ; and 0% the Society of Arts in G.
Britain ; and Doctor ot Laws in the Universities of Cambridge
and Edinburgh. \_An account Sf his funeral folemnitiesJhalL ap
pear in our next.]
Virtue alone boasts immortality /
By death transplanted to congenial climes,
It blooms eternal near the throne of Goo !
BOW DO IN is gone !— Columbia feels the.ft roke
Which took hi in : — When good men die,
The sacred barrier round the public weal
Sustains a breach ——* —
Death may destroy his thousands in an hour,
Nor make the flighted impress on creation :—
Time rolls oblivious o'er the common wave,
And makes the rippling fca soon fraooth again ;
Hut Science, Virtue, Honor. Patiiot-Worth,
Rcmov'd to Heav'n, a chasm leave behind
That Nature'* age will prove too fljort to Jill#
l. XTR ACTS.