PUBLISHED WEDNESDAYS AND SATURDAYS BY *OHN FENXO, No. 41, BROAD-STREET, NEAR THE EXCHANGE, NEW-YORK [No. 26, c/Vol. ll.] TRANSLATED FOR THE GAZETTE OF THE UNITED STATES. FROM THE LETDEN GAZETTE Pubhlhrd by Stei'hen Luza£. [A Paper that is considered in Europe asthemoft authentic medium of intelligence—and as futh circulates more extensively than any oilier similar publication.] CONTINUED. JIAMBUXC H, 2 March. WE learn from WarsaW, tharthe Marquis de Lucchefini, his PrufTian Majelty's Envoy, has returned the 18th Feb. from Berlin, and in the last place from Dresden. The ifl'ue ef his liegociations are laid to be, that the eletftor ot Saxony faithful to his principles of moderation and wisdom which have hitherto secured the hap piness of his fubjefts, will embrace the lyftem of neutrality, in cafe of a rupture with Germany— to render which respectable, he will arm himfelt, which resolution is carrying into efFe.fl, by orders for aflembling the Saxon army the beginning of this month at Spremberg. Extratt of a letter from Geneva, 27 Feb. " Justice has at length prevailed over private interest, and every other pallion, which in repub lies induce one party to oppress the other. Such of the representing party, as were still in exile, have been restored to their former condition and places, which they occupied before the revolu tion of t 782. The proposition was at firft agreed to in the council of two hundred. The lefler coun cil adopted it next—and the General Council (auc tioned it by a plurality of 954 voices against 120. When the news of this resolution was publilhed, a general joy announced the common wish ot the •whole city. This return of concord is regarded in Geneva as the fruit of the French revolution. They write from Berlin, the ad March, that by virtue of a convention concluded with Poland, the city of Dantzick, on this fide the Warta, \v ill pass under the Pruifian dominious the jt ft J.uly next. PARIS ACCOUNTS. tel. 28 In the felfion of this day when the Abbe de Montefquiou was declared for the second time Prefldent of the Aflembly, the tollowingarticles, respecting the organization »j the army, were de creed. _ „ Artit/e i.—The King is the Supreme Chief of the army. Art. 2. —The army is eflentially designed to fight against the eueiuics of the country. Art. 3. No body of foreign troops can be in troduced into the kingdom, nor admitted into the service of the State, but by virtue of a legi slative body, seconded by the King. Art. 4. The pay necellary for the army (hall be fixed by succeeding legislatures. Art. J. Neither the succeeding legislatures, nor the Executive power shall abridge the right which every citizen has to be admitted to all military employments and promotions. Art. 6. No military soldier or officer shall be deprived of his employment but in consequence of legal judgment. Art. 7. Every military person in service, (hall preserve his right of residence, notwithstanding his ueceflkry abfenceby service. He (hall be ca pable moreover ofexercifing every function of an aflivc citizen, if he poflefs the other qualifications required by the decrees of the National Alfembly, and if at the time of election, he be not in gar rison, in the Canton where his residence is situa ted. Art. 8. Every military person, who shall have served for fmeenyears without interruption and reproach, (hall enjoy, in the fulleft manner, the, rights of an ailive citizen, and (hall be freed from the neceflity of holding property, and paying the contribution required to be eligible. Art. 9. On the 14th of [oly annually, all the military corps Ihall take the ch<ie oath. Art. 10. The Minister of War, and other mi litary agents of the Executive Power,are fubjetft to velponfibility, in the manner and form asftiall V>e eft blithed by the Conflitution. Art. ii. The venaliiy of every military em ploymeiit is (iippreflcd r l _ ■Art. 12. The AHembly alfodecrees as a consti tutional article, that it belongs lo each legisla ture to enact annually, xft. The Ann necefliiry lor the expences of the army. 2d. The number i>fmen of which the army ihall be conipofeil. 3d. The pay of each grade. 4th. The rules of ad SATURDAY, JULY 10, 1790-. million to promotion in each grade, jth. The form of enrolment, and conditions of engage ments. 6th. The aduiillion of foreign troops in the service of the nation. 7th. The laws relative to military crimes and punUhments. Bth. The treatment of the army in cafe of Hilbanding. Art. 13. The Aflembly moreover decrees, that the committee of Conltirucioii fliall be charged to prepare as quick as possible, ilrafts of laws,— 1 ft. Respecting the einployu er of the military farces in the interior part of nie kingdom, and their connection both with the civil power, and the National guards. • 2d. Refpecftingthe organ ization of tribunals, and the forms of military judgment. 3d. Refpe<fting the means of recruit ing and augnifenting th,e military forces, in time of war, suppressing the drafting of the militia. Art. 14. it finally decrees, that the King fli ill be requeued to present immediately to the Na. tional Aflembly, a plan of orgmization, to ena ble the AHembly to enarl and deliberate without delay, relpecfting the different objedls, which are to originate from the legislative power. Art. 15. The National Aflembly moreover de crees, that the pay of every French soldier, com mencing from the ift May next, (hall be aug mented to 32 deniers, obieiving the nfual gra dual proportions. Accounts from Brussels, 11 March The Grand Duke of Tufcany has sent a memo rial to the States of Brabant, exprelfing his disap probation of the measures which led to the revo lution, proposing a general amnesty, and terms of reconciliation, grantingevery thing the States formerly claimed from the late Emperor. Let ters were also received from the Arch Dnchefs Maria Cleriftina of Austria, and Duke Albert of Saxe Tefchen, all which the States have ordered to be printed and sent back to the General Cun grefs. From the spirit which animates the Be!- gic nation, there is no probability that the pro portions, .however reasonable, will be attended to. Tlie'uifputes between rheofigf chy and demo crarical party have in forae measure been com promised. The form of the oath to be taken by the volunteer companies has been so qualified as to have been accepted by them. After taking the oath the . Volunteers unaniinoufly elected Duke d'Pvfel their commander in chief. [OR THE GAZETTE OF THE UNITED STATES. 41 Hear Spartans, and obey the voice divine, M That iltues from Apoi lo's faered (hrinc ; u Let Kingi, the guardians of the S artan name, 44 And awful Sekatis, righteous liatutes frame ; 14 Thefc let th' a (Tenting people ratify, 44 And keep unbroken order's sacred tie." FEAR' GOD, AND HONOR THE KING, were formerly among some oftlie firft leflons taught our children—and doubtless a very ufeful one—to intlil thus early a jnft regard to the protecting and ruling powers, is laying the bell' foundation for an easy participation under their genial influence. The Americans under a government, so mild and yet so equal, are indulged to exercise, unre strained, every faculty they poflel's.—The licen tious perhaps, in such circumltances may have far too much liberty, but the more virtuous un der the fame, may Lmprjve and enjoy all that men can wish, and freemen are heirs to. While a people are lb unlimited in their pursuits, it is not indeed unnatural they ihould form a system, or scale to ad; upon, not diflimilar to their go vernment ; and we have too melancholy proofs of this in some of the States, to doubt the truth of the observation, that an example from govern ment of chicanery and repeated violations of their moll: solemn engagements with the public, and a want ot an honeit liability in their laws, has the most direful effecl on individuals in their private tranfatfiions with each other.—Hence the neceflity and ftimulous (if in a political view only), for those who are so dignified as to com pose the grand council of the nation, and on whose deciiions so much is now depending, to be the most exemplary in every step in their private walks as well as public conduct —and to weigh every motion, and its tendencies, (as well what on firft view may appearto have a limited efFedt, as those which aflame a bolder crell, ye unexpectedly eud in vapour), with the utmoil caution, gravity and confeious integrity ; and pursue the most eligible, with a firmnefs becoiu ing the fathers of a country. As it is the cha racleriftic of our countrymen to seek for evi 517- deuce, or at least a plausibility si o:h their own reafonitig, of the ufef\ilnj?fs of a liieafure, before they will acknowledge the lame as a child of their own—this urges the neceility ofthe greater circumfp'ftttion ; for they have not the most dil tant idea of that prodigy in government,to believe implicitly- (as is universally the cafe in the old world) all is right, because the king, or their own havedone it, andfo (hut the door against enquiry Mid research ; one of most gratifying, and probably one of the molt ufeful privileges, to republicans, that we enjoy. The consequent prejudices of a beaten track are not yet erased, though it might indeed be sup posed, that fields of clotted blood from our very belt citizens, would now effectually cover every trace of congeniality, and Tike the silent grave lei jarate us forever from the least affinity, both in laws, rules and manners to that country which was once our greatelt pride to call, like the pratling babe, mother, altho we had no real wants.—To this cause 1 am ready to impute one ofthe groll'ell of errors, that darkens every page in all our rules ot court—although no people ever had so fair an opportunity, to benefit from leflonsof felf-experience, from every nation in the world, and from many centuries palt—but a wilful blindness is sure the malady. The greaiefl boalt of an Englishman is said to be his 1 ight of rryal by jury—and in words pom pous enough, the fame has been conveyed to us. —In theory it has an engaging appearance ; and as it is sacred in its deciliou, I hold it in jufl elti mation, and would not, a3 has certainly been the cafe, that Lawyers, where lucre has been depend ing on the iflue, and the verdidi has run counter to their flatteringengagements with their clients, fliould have their taunting scurrility to this higli eft of all appeals, pass with impunity. To have a cause depending on a jury, composed of my own fellow citizens and neighbours, I cannot but venerate the eftablilhment- ; but the juror's tryal (for so 1 call it), without the right of appeal, I hold in the u tut oft horror .ml dcteilaticn—for it surely is nothing lei's than a Baftile, barricaded by the flrongeft injunctions of legal dignity.— And in this lituation, twelve men, must, whether right or wrong, deliver in their verdict without one diflenting voice—in the more solemn cases, where life is depending, 1 do not so much con demn the method ; even in such cases, I can. not fee why a large majority could not be asfuf ficient, as the present deciding mode—But in common cases, the propriety of room for a pro portionate number of diflenting voices is evident to thofewho know, that it is ainoralimpoflibility for any promiscuous number of men to view the fante* objects, through the fame medium ; there fore allowances ought to be made, if any regard may yet be had, to the lioneft scruples of the conscientious man—who in such a dilemma has (for I Jo not doubt my informant) risked his life in the violent hands ofthe affirming party j or gorged through the throat of sensibility, acqui esced in the award raised. by the very firft mem ber, confident enough toftate the cafe nnder de liberation in his own way, be it ever so absurd. —Horrid iketch ! at this day, though no less true, of the boasted and eftablifheu rules of American courts of justice. I wish most ardently, that as our supreme le gislature are about forming courts, and rules of courts, the few hints thrown out on this fuhjetfl, may be adjusted as in their wisdom may appear moll suitable to the genius of the people. It must be their liigheft ambition and honor to go vern well. LYCURGUS. IMPROVED CRIST-MILL. WE, the subscribers, being present at the firft exhibition of Mr. John Britton's Grill-Mill, on the Iti earn or creek called Dodlor's Creek, ill the county of Monmouth, and State of New-Jer sey, formerly owned by William Tapfcott, now ere«ficd on the plan of the Rotatory Trunk, the late improvement of Mr. J. llnmfey—and having been well acquainted wiih the performance of the water-wheel, formerly afed in the fame, do give it as our opinions, on due examination, that less (than half the quantity of water is now ex panded—and that it grinds the fame quantity of grain in the fame time, which was formerly done by the water-wheel. ir . PWIILIAM TAPSCOT, Monmouth County, C lsA AC $HREV ES> M ) ller . J une 2 > 79°' J)Edw.Kilman, Mill-Wright* [Whole No. 130.]
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