Gazette of the United-States., May 12, 1790, Page 452, Image 4

DISCOURSES ON D AVIL A.
CV(I la lc proprc del'ifpru l>umain,que les cxemple ne corrigent
pcrlunnc ; les foUitcs des pcius iont pcrducs puur icuri enfans ;
il taut chaquc generation laiL les fienncs.
LET us now attempt a performance of the pro
mile, at the close of our firft number : Men,
in their primitive conditions, however savage,
were undoubtedly gregarious—and they continue
to be social, not only in every stage of civilization,
but in every poliible lunation in which they can
be placed. As nature intended them for society,
ihe has furnilhed them with pullions, appetites,
and propenlities, as well as a variety of faculties,
calculated both for their individual l enjoyment,
and to render them uletul to each other in their
social connexions. There is none among them
more eilential or remarkable, than the pajfion for
dijtinclion. A desire to be observed, considered,
esteemed, praifed,beloved,admired by his fellows,
is one of the earliest, as well as keenest difpofi
tions discovered in the heart of man. If any one
should doubt the existence of this propensity, let
him go and attentively observe the journeymen
and apprentices in the firft workihop, or the oars
men in a cockboat—a family, or a neighborhood
—the inhabitants of an house, or the crew of a
Ihip—a school, or a college—a city, or a village
—a savage, or civilized people—an hospital, or a
church—the bar, or the exchange—a camp, or a
court. Wherever men, women or children are
to be found, whether they be old or young—rich
or poor—high or low—wife or foolilh—ignorant
or learned—every individual is seen to be ftrong
]y aifluated by a desire to be seen, heard, talked
of, approved and respected by the people about
hiin, and within his knowledge. Moral wri
ters have, by immemorial usage, a right to make
a free use of the poets.
The love of praise, howe'er conceal'd by art,
Reigns more or Ids, and glows in every heart ;
The proud to gain it, toils on toils eudure,
The modest (bun it, but to make it sure.
O'er globes and scepters, now on thrones it fwclls,
Now, trims the midnight lamp in college-cells.
'Tis tory, whig—it plots, prays, preaches, pleads,
Harrangues in Senates, fqu ak.s in masquerades ;
It aids the dancer's hiel, the writer's head,
And heaps the plain with mountains ot the dead ;
Nor ends with life; but nods in fable plumes
Adorns our herfe, and flatters on our tombs.
A regard to the sentiments of mankind con
cerning him, and to their dispositions towards
him, every man feels within himfelf ; and if he
has reflected and try'd experiments, he has found,
that no exertion of his reason—no effort of his
will, can wholly divert, hiin of it. In proportion
to our affedlion for the notice of others is our a
version to their neglect : The ftrongerthe desire
of the efteein of the public, the more powerful
the aversion to their disapprobation—the more
exalted the wifli for admiration, the more invin
cible the abhorrence of contempt. Every man
jiot only delires the consideration of others, but
he frequently compares himfelf with others, his
friends or his enemies, and in proportion as he
exults when he perceives that he has more of it,
than they, he feels a keener affliction when he
fees that one or more of them, are more refpecfl
ed than himfelf.
This passion, while it isfiniply a desire to excel
another, by fair indultry in the search of truth,
and the practice of virtue, is properly called
emulation. When it aims at power, as a means of
diftinc r tion, it is ambition. When it is in a situa
tion to suggest the sentiments of fear and appre
hension, that another, who is now inferior, will
become superior, it is denominated jealovfy.—
When it is in a state of mortification, at the Su
periority of another, and desires to bring liini
down to our level, or to depress him below us,
it is properly called envy. When it deceives a
uian into a belief ofjfalfe profeffions of efteein
or admiration, or into a falfe opinion of his im
portance in the judgmentofthe world, it is vanity.
These observations alone would be Sufficient to
shew, that this propensity in all its branches is a
principal source of the virtues and vices, tlie hap
pinefs and misery of human life—and that the
history of mankind is little more than a simple
narration of its operations and effects.
(The coniTi'fiori of No. 4, in our next.)
HISTORY OF PENNSYLVANIA.
(IN CONTINUATION.)
THE manufactures of Pennsylvania have en
creafed exceedingly within a few years, as
well by mailer workmen and journeymen from
abroad, as by the encreafed skill and industry of
our own citizens. Houfliold or family manufac
tures have greatly advanced, and valuable acqui
fitionshave been made of implements and machi
nery to save labour, either imported, or invented
in the United States. The hand machines for
cardingand(ginning cotton, have been introduc
ed by foreigners, and improved upon ; but we
have lately obtained the water mill for {pinning
Cotton and a water mill for flax, which is appli
cable also to spinning hemp and wool. These ma
chines promise us an early eftabliflinient of the
cotton, linen and hempen branches, and niufl: be
of very great service in the woolen branches.
No. IV.
Additional employment for weavers, dyers,
bleachers, and other manufacturers must be the
consequence; Paper mills, gun-powder mills, steel
works, rolling and flitting mills, printing figured,
goods of paper, linen ana cotton, coach-making,
book-printing, and several other branches, are
wonderfully advanced, and every month seems
to extend our old manufactures, or to introduce
new ones.
The advancement of the agriculture of Penn
sylvania is the belt proof that can be given of the
comfort and happiness it affords to its farming,
manufacturing and trading citizens. In the year
1786 our exports of flour were 150,000 barrels
(exclusive of many other articles ;) in 1787 they
were 202,000 barrels ; in 1 788 they were 220,000
barrels ; and in 1 789 they were 369,000 barrels ;
which exceeds any export ever made in the times
of the province or in the limes of the common
wealth. The produ.e of flax is encreafed in a
much greater degree, and that of wool is consi
derably more than it was before the revolution.
A new article is likely to be added to the lift of
our productions, which is a well tasted and whole
some ft/gar,made from the Maple Tree. It has|been
proved by many fair and careful experiments,
that it is 111 the power of a substantial farmer,
that has a family about him, easily to make twelve
hundred weight of this sugar every season, with
out hiring any additional hands, or any ntenfils,
but those that are neceflary for his family and
farm use. The time in which it can be made is
from the middle of February to the end of March,
when farmers in this country have very little to
do, as it is too early to plough or dig. The price
of fngar being lower here than in Europe, this
ariicle may be reckoned at too Mexican dollars
per annum, to every careful and fkilful farmer,
that owns land bearing the sugar maple. Of tliefe
there are some millions of acres in Pennfylania,
and the adjacent states, and at least one or two
millions belonging to this state, for sale, upon
the terms mentioned in the preceding part of
this paper. It jfeems alf'o highly probable that
this valuable tree may be transplanted, and thus
be obtained by almost any farmer in the state,
and that men of property, who will purchase ket
tles and hire hands for the above short period,
may make larger quantities.
I he lituation of religion and religious rights
and liberty in Pennsylvania is a matter, that de
serves the attention of all sober and well disposed
people, who may have thoughts of this country.
This state always afforded an asylum to the per
fected feds of Europe. No church or society
ever was established here, notythes or tenths can
be demanded ; and though some regulations of
the crown of Englaud excluded two churches
from a fliare in our government in the times of
the province, that is now done away with regard
to every religious society whatever, except the
Hebrew church. But at this time a Convention
of special representatives of the citizens of Penn
sylvania have under consideration all the errors,
that have inadvertently crept into our constitu
tion and frame of government, and, in the act
they have published for the examination of the
people, they have rejected the half-way doctrine
of Toleration, and have eftabifhed, upon firm
and perfectly equal ground, all denominations of
religious men. By the provisions of the new
code, a Protestant, a Roman Catholic and a He
brew may elect or be elected to any office in the
state, and puifue any lawful calling, occupation
or profeflion. The constitution of general go
vernment of the United States also guarantees
this inestimable and sacred right, and it is surely
a sacred right ; for it belongs to the Deity to be
worshipped according to the free will and con
sciences of his creatures.
We lay 110 difficulty in the way of any person,
who desires to become a free and equal citizen!
On the day of his landing he may buy a farm, a
lioufe, merchandize, or raw materials ; he may
open a work-shop, a counting-house, an office, or
any other place of lawful business, and pursue his
calling without any hindrance from corporation
rules or monopolizing companies, or the payment
of any sum of money to the public. The right
of electing and being elected (which does not af
fect business 01* his fafety) is not granted till
the expiration of two years, which prudence re
quires.
A Morning School is opened,
by; the Subscriber, for Youkc Ladies, at Harmony Hall ad
joining the BaWifts burying ground, in Gold Street. Horn's of
attendance are from 6 till 8. —For further particulars, please to en
quire of the Public's Obedient Servant, GAD ELY
N. B. The Young Ladies School which has been' kept at No
219 Queen-Street, is removed to the above place.
New-York, May 8, 1790.
Moles Rogers, and Co.
TT AVE removed their STORE to the New Building, corner
w v'°i m Queen-Street, fronting Burling Slip
New-York, May 1790. y
James F. Sebor, and Co.
Have removed from No. 59, to No. ,87, Water-Street, near the
Fly-Market,
WHERE they negotiate all kinds ofPUBLICK
452
PRICE CURRENT.
Jamaica Spirits, 5/3.5/
Antigua Rum, 4/9. a 5/
it. Croix, do. 4/4.
Country, do. 3/.
MolalTcs, 2/ 2/1.
Brandy, 6/8. <t '6/3.
Geneva, 5/ .
Do. in cases, z%f.
Mliftovado Sugar, 80/. « 72/
Loaf, do. I^3.
Lump, do. i/i|.
Pe PP c r, 3/:
Pimento, tf.aify.
Collcc, 173. 1/4.
Indigo, (Carolina) 3f. a 6/".
Do. Ficnch, ife/. iq/T
Rice, B3J. 24f.
Superfine Flout, <js[
Common do. $Bf.
Rye do. 26J. a 28if.
Indian Meal, 18f. iof.
Rye, 4/9. pr. bush.
Wheat, 11f. a 12J.
Corn, (Southern) \f.
Do. (Northern,) $f. a 4J9.
Beef, firft quality, 48f $of.
Pork, firft quality,
Oats, 2/2.
Flax-feed, (J.
Ship bread per cwt. 21f. 24/ C
Country refined } ,
bar-iron, £ *81. « 301.
Do. bloomery, ajl. a. e6l.
Swedes do. 451.
Ruflia do. 301.
Pig-iron, 81 io/T a 91.
German flee], grf.per lb.
Nails American, by calk. ? 14^
per. lb. 4 d. J
Do. do. do. 6d. 12i.
Do. do. do. Bd. gl 2 d.
Do. do. do. iod.*}
Do. do. do- i2d.f ~ -,i
Do. do. do. 2od.Q Bga.
Do. do. do, iq&.j
Pot ash, per ton, 391. a 401.
Pearl afti, 481 e 501.
Bees-wax per lb. if.
Mackaiel per barr. 26f. « 30f.
Herrings, 18/ i6f.
Mahogany, Jamaica, > ,
per foot, J icd '
Dominico, do. gd.
Honduras, do. -jd.
Logwood unchipped,pr.ton. 81.
Do. chipped. 141.
2 inch white oak > . r
plank, perm. JlO • 10J
-1 inch do. 5 1.
* inch white pine plank, 81.
lj: inch do. 61. 10f.
1 inch do. jl. 1 of.
2 inch pitch pine do. 101.
inch do. 61. 10f.
1 inch do. 41.
Pitch pine scantling, 3 1. 8/
Cyprus 1 feet Ihingles, il. 10f.
John Smith & Peter WeDfdO'vtr,
B SAIL-MAKERS,
EG leave to inform their Friends and the Public ingeoerjl,
that they have commenced business in eopartnerlhip in their
line, undcrthe Firm of SMITH and WENDOVER, in the SliU
, I r " nt Strcct . opposite Van Zandt'i Wharf (near the Cof
tee-Houfc) formerly occupied by Carmex and Smith, and lately
y J°hn Smi th. Thofc Gentlemen who will be pleajed to fa
vor t em with their custom may depend upon having their work
done in the bed manner, and on as (hort notice as can beexpeflid.
New-York, May 1,1790.
To be SOLD,
Or cx char, ge i for LAND,
■ WLNTY-Two acres of groynd in the City of New-York,
X fronting Great George-Street, Bowry-Lanc, and Greenwich-1
' °" lh f, P'«™f« is a brick dwelling house containing to
rooms ; a fmailer br.ck l, ou fe with four rooms; a house with a
brick from with two rooms: In each house is a Kitdwn,and Wi
der the whole tour cellars; a never failing fprine is near one of
F u 1 c stable and a coach-house with stables.
From the dwelling house both the Northland the East rivm arc
plain to the view. Additional be* made
this Spring, the ground has been laid out for pleaiure u well"
" r " u l a Y : " provided with variety of orchard and other fruit;
T s ri j J 3 ' a "° becn f° wn with timothy and clover.
? b , c lold for "rtificates of the national debt, which will be re
ceived at the nominal value, Dollars at Bs. Or for good upland,
even it covcred with wood, provided it is situated on the follow
ngi ivers, or on as far as navigable,communicating with the
h, i) V "r J p p tow,n »c above Alexandria,at James River a
. e f V" 10 ' 111 South-Carolina, about one hundred milesfroi*
a Edi <*° or Ponpon river, or on Savannah
th/ I°' • at P nvate fa 'c before the x s lh of May, itwill
mrrrhl rT C ,! tr ?' be dlf P ofcd b Y Public Vendue at the
p s Coffcc-Houfc.—For further particulars enquire of MK
1 L 7 ' °" the prenufes. New-York April 10, >790-
Bv , r , advertisement.
t or der of the honorable John Slofs Hobart Esquire, oneo!
nl xl J ust , lc " ° f thc Supreme Court of Judicature of the State
1. ' 'Ti °" is heicby given to Paul DevrtlJ,now ot
othfro an abfeonding debtor, and to all
Dmnf W j' m U , ma 7. concern ; that upon application and dut
ture ' pursuant to an ast of the legifla
debtor*"" (T A 1" r rcllcf against abfeonding and absent
| j'n pi , n ourth da y of A P ril » t-86, by a creditor of
fa£ P i n he the said Justice has direacd all his the
br sri j s real and personal, within this State, to
mn ff I r"i unlcfs hc 111311 discharge his debts within three
orrW lhh e P l ,'^ llcatlon of this no,ice I 3,1 hi » E ftatr real aI " ,
j a j e ' O Jd fp r (,l e payment and fatisfaftion of his cre
at the city of New-York, the twenty-seventh day
anH >, rC ' 111 tllc >' car our Lord one thousand leven hundred
andnii'cty. March llw3m .
William Taylor,
Has for Sale, at his EAST-INDIA GOODS STORK,
A n i »n- No " 4 ' Bu *linc-SLII>,
Aflortinent of EAST-INDIA GOODS,
Rnr>v whlc '' are the following Articles:
BOOK Muflms 8-4 6-4 5 - 4 || HUMHUMS,
jsckonct do, u LongC i othSi
Hankerchiefs.of various kinds,J Caflas,
PinT'' I Seersuckers,
g iams, | floglaporcs.
variety of handsome painted MUSLIM
XEH'-YORX.
MAI iz. Dollars f),
Do. 22 inch do. i], '(j
Do. 18. inch do. 18/
Butt white oak (laves, >.r
Pipe do. do. yl.
Hogfliead do. do. 61. lof.
Do. do. heading, 81.
Irifli barrel do. (laves, >,!. r r
Hogfliead red oak do. d' //
Do. y.tnch do. 5 1.
hoops, 41.
Whiteoak fquaie timber )
per square foot, C
Red wood, per ton, z I.
Kullick, 101.
Beaver, per lb. nf. t 16/
Ott r per (tin ,jf.
Grey fox, Act.
Martin, 4/10.
Racoon, 3/6*7/6.
Mufkrat, xqd.ai^d.
Beaver hats, 64 /.
Castor do. 48/
Chocolate, \^d.
Cocoa, 70s. a 80/.
Cotton, ljg.
Tar, pr. bar. to/.
Pitch, 14J.
Turpentine, 18/. aiof.
Tobacco, James River,
Do. York, 4d. a 3%d.
I)o. Rappahanock, 'id a 3\d.
Do. Maryland, coloured, fyl.
Do. Weftem-Ihore, 2d a 3\d.
Lead in pigs, pr cwt. 6c/.
Do. bars, 68/T
Do. Shot, C>Bf.
Red lead, 68f.
White do. dry, 9§f.
White do. in oil, 5/. 1 if.
Salt-petre hams, j£d.
Spermaceti candles, 3J.
Mould do. 1 id. a if.
Tallow dipt, g^d.
Soiip, $J. a Bd.
Castile soap, yd. a 10d.
English cheele, pr. lb. 1 jj.
Country do. $d. 6d.
Butter, 10 d.
Hyson tea, 9/6. a lcf.
Sequin do. 6/6.
Bohea do. 2/6.
Ginseng, 2f. a 2/6.
Staich Poland, 7d.
Snuff, tj 3 .
Allum fait, water mea- >
I sure, pr. bulh. 3/g,
Liverpool do. s/.
Madeira wine, ? r , ,
pr. pipe, I 60/. .90/.
Port, 46/.
Lisbon, pr. gal. cj'.
Tenei iff, 4 r
F > a!l . 3/3-
Dutch gun-powder,pr. cwt. 6/.
Nail rods, pr. ton, 34/. 3 8/.
Lintfeed oil, pr. gal. jJ.
W hale do. pr. barrel, r f j as6f.