C§>sze#o ofl [No. ioy,—Vol. ll.j THE TABLET " Where 3 great Man is delicatc in his choice of favor t?s,every " one courts with greater earoelluefs his countenance and ptoicc- THOUGH a free and candid disposition is an amiable quality, there are certain points in which men should act with shyness and reserve. The choice of intimate friends and favtorites is one of the most difficult talks a person ever has to perform. This difficulty encreafes in proportion to the eminence of character any one fuflains. When a man moves in an elevated fpliere, he auft of course form a very numerous acquaint ance. It will be requiiite for him to seleCt from among them, some with whom he may be confiden tial and communicative. He cannot easily dif tinguifhthe chara<fter of iliofe who appear to have claims upon his attention and confidence ; and if he could properly eflimate them, perhaps poli cy would forbid him to follow the diiftates ot his inclination. A great man mult choose such favor ites, as will meet with the public approbation, though his own wishes might direct a different choice. The public opinion may not only be dilcordant, but it may be fickle. The fame man may be highly efteemcd by one part of the com munity, and detested by another. He may be po pular one day, and odious the next. Thus it ap pears a person mull ac r t cautiously inchufing his confidents. If men in the high offices of government are heedless in the choice of their atlociates, it will soon cease to be an honor to be ranked among their favorites. But when there is delicacy and judgment discovered in the choice, thole on whom great men smile will deem themselves ho nored by their notice. Worthy and refpe<!labl-e characters will court their attention, and they may depend on the good will and services of the wife and virtuous. There is no remedy againlt the inconvenience of bad counsel, but to have ve ry few counlellors. If a public inanconiults with many persons he probably may be deceived with !refpe<ft to the merit of fomeofthem. He may bellow confidence it is not deserved. But this is not the worftof it: By having a great num ber of intimate friends, a low value will soon be let upon his friendlhip. It becomes too cheap and common. None of his friends feel much refpon lible for the effects of their advice, because the refponlibility is divided among so many. It be longs to every man to fix the price of his own character: He will alvtays fetch what he is worth, if he demands what he is worth. But if he tri fles with himfelf, and sets a low value upon his importance in society, the woild will'alfo think him of little value. A discreet line of condurt, and a delicate choice of associates will give weight, if notluftre to in different talents. Tliofe who rommitno mistakes, •will be applauded for virtues they n6ver exercis ed; and be refpetled for abilities they do not poflels. Their influence encreales like money at iiiterell. They meet with no lofles, and what ever they gain is added to their capital stock. It is hardly conceivable to what an high degree of reputation, a man of prudence and circuinfpec tion may attain. Aud there is nothing in which a man should be more prudent and circunifpeci than in the choice of his friends and companions. ADVERTISEMENT. ' I "'HIS number commcnces the second voi umi of the GI'XETf E OF THE UNITED STATES. The publication wifl be continued upon its original pi an, vi/. Be publilbed, Wednesdays and Saturdays, at the feat of the federal Government—contain Sketches of Debates in the National House of Reprefeotativcs—and the rtjult oj the deliberations of Congress— THE LAWS OF THE UNITED STATES—Ejfays and Paragraph? en Politics, Finance, Government, Education, Arts, Agriculture, Com merce, and Manufactures —Dvmtjbic and Foreign Intelligence, &c. terms of subscription Three dollars per annum, exclusive of portage Six Months in advance. The Editor acknowledges, with gratitude, the patronagt "which the Gazette has received from a generous public. Hisintereft must powerfully impel tofuch exertions as may enfun * continuance of general approbation. The favors of his corres pondents he hopes will be continued : Some new sources of sup ply he expects will be opened—every hint for the improvement of the publication will be attended to—that it may subserve the in tcrefls of Virtue, Science, Freedom and Government. Subfcribcrs may be fnrnilhed with papers to complete the Fu 0 Vol. as far a.s the file.s of the I'fl'tortan Tnpplv them—grshs. Api •( i.\- \"uo. PUBLISHED WEDNESDAYS AND SATURDAYS BY 'jOlifi PEKh'O, No. 9, MAIDEN-LANE, NEW-YORK No. CY Payments t6 be WEDNESDAY, APRIL 14, 1790. AGRICULTURE. A Correspondent fays that it is with peculiar •**- pleafurehe observes, that the Preadentin his speech to both houses of Congress after recom mending to their confidtrsltion other important matters, has not omitted to mention, " The ad vancement of agricukure, commerce, and manu factures, by all proper fit-us And, «•< The ex pediency of giving eftedtnal encouragement as well to the introduction of new, and ufeful in ventions from abroad, as to the exertions of (kill and genius in producing them at home," and al so, " That there is nothing which can better de l'erve their patronage than the promotion of sci ence and literature." That " The advancement of agriculture by all proper means," in an emi nent degree, demands the attention of every le gislature is evident from the absolute necefluy of it. For notwithstanding its indispensable nature, it is still so little underltood by the generality of those who follow it, that it is now capable of tli» greatelt, and inoft rapid improvements under the nurfing hand of government. It is not only the tirft, but the molt healthy, molt honorable, and most exteniively ufeful, and complicated of ail employments ; to follow which, Kings and Emper ors have laid down their Crowns, and Sceptres, and, " f'eized the plough, and greatly indepen dent lived For this is that art and science alone on which all the reit entirely depend ; and is, of itfelf absolutely necellary for the support of liu i man life : And wherever it is neglected, or un fkillfully prosecuted, whatever wealth n>ay be ipi ported from abroad, poverty, and misery will abound at home : For such ever was, and ever will be, the fluctuating nature of trade, and com merce, that thousands, who depend upon them, may be in affluence to day, and in a ftat,e of beg gary to-morrow ; which can never be the cafe of those happy persons who, judiciously, apply ttyein felves to the most noble, delightful, and indepen dent art of hulbandry.. Such then being its an- and 5 would it not be good policy, in the Tupmne legillature, to nomi nate, and appoint a proper person, with an ade quate salary, to continue in office for one year, or during pleasure, with the appellation of Far mer-General ; to make annually a tour of the itate, or states, under their jurifdicftion to regiftcr the state of the crops, the belt mode of culture, of folding, and hay railing, and distributing the 1 manure, &c. &c. And the recent improvements that have been made in any and com municate, to those who may be willing to lparn what he knows himfelf, ar has learned frqn} the experience and practice of other? ; and to honorable mention of all those Owners, Stewards, or Overseers of farms whole industry, method, and prcfeverance may entitle them to it. This would naturally intpire men of all ranks with an extraordinary fen fe of the importance ofadue at tention to this so much neglected art,, and with a landable emulation to «xcel one another in what so manileltly tends to their.own, and their country's honor, intercft, and linppinefs. And this officer of infpeition and information,by keep ing a journal, and making notes, and oblervati ons upon all proper occaiions, to be examined, and publiflied annually under the of a committee of agriculture, may colled; an amazing fund of praitical, agricultural knowledge in a few years, as into one grand reservoir, from whence it would continue to flow oil, in numerous enlightening ttreams, to theremoteft parts of the empire. " The expediency of giving effectual encouragement as well to the introduction ofnew, and ufeful inventions from abroad, as to the ex ertions of skill, and genius inproduceingthem at home," needs no comment. But, lieverthelefs, it may not be amiss to suggest, that enacting a law to make provision for the authors of ufefuJ inven tions, discoveries, or performances by granting patents, or bounties to such, that it would be ex pedient to make a provisional clause against im positions, and surreptitious grants ; that all per sons, when convicted thereof, fliall not only fuf fer a pecuniary mulct, but restore to the genuine authors, whether natives, or foreigneis, what tiiey have tbus fiaudulently obtained, or make the necellary surrender to government itfelf, of all, and every thing they have unwarrantably received, to be applied to the use, and emolument of those to wlioin it my be justly due. But as to the neceflity of promoting science, and literature at the public expence (as it aannot otherwise be done in any extensive degree) the belt comment, that can here be given, will )je the President's own following term of words at full length 011 Hkso PRICE THREE DOLLARS PR. ANN. that head : Which display a justness, sincerity, and energy'of thought andexpreffion so peculiar to himfelf. " Nor am 1 less purfuaded that yon will agree with me in opinion, that there is no thing which can better deserve yonr patronage than the promotion of science and literature. Knowledge, is in every country the surest bafisof public happinefs—ln one, in which the meafcires bf government receive their impreflion so imme diately from the fetife or the community asin ours, it is proportionably eflential. To the security of a free state it contributes in various ways : By convincing those who are entrusted with the public adminiltration, that every valuable end of government is best answered by the enlightened confidence of the people: And by teaching the people tlieinfelves to know, and to value their own rights ; to discern, and provide against inva sions of them j to distinguish between opprellioii, and the necellary exercise of lawful authority ; between burthens proceeding from a disregard to their convenience, and those resulting from' the inevitable exigencies of fociety,to discriminate the spirit of liberty from that of licentiousness, ■ cherishing the firlt, avoiding the last, and uniting a fpeedy,but temperate vigilance against encroach ments, with an inviolable respect to the laws. Whether this desirable object will be best pro moted by affording aids to seminaries of learning already eftabliflied, by the institution of a nation al univerftty, or by any other expedient, will be I well worthy of a place in the deliberations of the I legillature. Virginia Cazttti. CONGRESS. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. WEDNESDAY, MARCH if. Report of Committee on the bUmorialt of iht people called Quaker r, under confiderotion. (Mr. Smith's (S. C.) Speech continued.) IT has been feid that the toleration Of slavery brings dpwn re proach on America. It only brings reproach w\ tHose wh<? tolerate if, and we are ready to bear our (hare. We knorir that none but prejudiced and uncandid persons, who have hastily fidered tjie f bjeft and are ignorant of the real situation of the Southern States, throw out these insinuations. We found slavery ingrafted in the very policy of the country when we were born, and we are persuaded of the impolicy of removing it; if it be a moral evil, it is like many ofhers which exist in all civilizcd coun tries and which the world quietly fubm t to. Humanity has been a topic of declamation on this fubjeft : that sentiment has difFer r ent operations on different individuals, and he bad it in his pow er to Ihew, that humanity fir ft gave origin to the transportation of flavcs from Africa into America. Bartholomew de las bilhop of Chiapa, a Spaniard renowned for his humanity and vir tues, in order to save the Indians in South America from slavery. prevailed on his monarch to substitute Africans, which were ac cordingly on the coaflof Africa and shipped to the Spa nifb colonies to work in the mines : this appears 10 Robeitfon's hiftoiyof America, which Mr. Smith quoted. At this day the Spaniards give confiderable'encouragement to the transportation of slaves into their islands. Mr. Smith read the e<Ji& for that pur pose. Another bbje&ion is, that slavery vitiates and debases the mind of the owner of this fort of property. Where, said he, is th£ proof of this allegation ? Do the citizens of the Southern States exhibit more ferocioufnefs in their manners, more barbarity in their dispositions than those of the other States ? Are ciimes morp frequently committed there ? A proof of the absurdity of this charge may be found in the writings of those who wish to dissem inate this m'fehievnus idea, am d,yet, in their relation of fatts, con tradict it thcmfelves. They lay down general principles which they take upon credit from others, or which they publish with fiw nifter views, and wken they enter into a detail of the hiftorv of those tfaey overset their own dottrines. Thus* one writer tells us. that the Southern citizen who is educated in principles o£ superiority to the (lave? which surround him, has no idea of go vernment, obedience and good order, till he mingles with the liardy and free fp'.rited yeomanry of the north, and that after mixing with tlvjm, he will return home with his mind more en larged, his views more liberalized, and his affe&ions rf&ified* and become a more generous friend to the rights of human na ture : but hear what the Eastern traveller is to learn by vifitin# the enflav'.d regions of the South t He will fee fays the fame writ er immediately after, industry crowned with affluence* indepen dence, Viofpitality, liberality of manners ; and notwithflanding the prevalence of doroeftic slavery* he will find the noblest sentiments I of freedom and independence to predominate ; he will extol their enterprize, art and ingenuity, and will reflect that nature is wife, and that Providence in the diftiibution of its favors* is not capri cious* Take another striking inftaoce of this contradiction from Morse's geography ; he fays, that there are more slaves than free persons in South-Carolina, ajid mentions the mischievous influ ence of slavery on their manners, which, he observes, by exempt ing them from the neccflity of labor, leads to luxury, difiipatiort and extravagance, and favors too much of a haughty, supercilious behavior ; that the inhabitants want that enterprize and persever ance which are ncceffary for the attainment of the arts and sciences, that they have few motives to enterprize, and too generally reft contented with barely knowledge enough to tranfaft the com mon affairs of life. Now for the authors proofs : they are con tained in these words : " Ma'iy ot the inhabitants spare no pains nor expence in giving the highefl polish of education to theirchil dren : literature begun to flourifli since the peace ; fevcral flourif.'hing academies and colleges have been established ; the la dies have an engaging foftnefs and delicacy in their manners ; theatrical exhibitions have been prohibited by law ; gaming of all kinds is more difoountenanced than in any of the Southern Staff s ; all denominations of religion are on an equal footing ; comi nerce is flotnifhing, economy is becoming more fafhionable, and \ Hence begins to spread her salutary influence among the ci tizen r'' But was South-Carolina, at the cortim en ccmcnt of the
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