well founded hope, that having afl'erted tlieir in dependence by your Ikill in war, your wisdom and firmiiefs in peace will avert the dangers of civil discord, andeftablifh their union on so firm a ba ils that it will endure to the lateftages. We refledl on these things with gratitude, and that for you the Angular happiness was reserved X>f being twice the saviour of jour country. May that kind Providence, whose protection you have frequently experienced in the midst of many and great dangers, direct your measures, and long preserve a life, in the preservation of which such numbers feel themselves so deeply interested. 3 JOHN SMITH, President of the Senate. GEORGE DENT, Speaker of'the House ofDelegates THE ANSWER. To the General djfembly of Maryland. Gentlemen, I RECEIVE, with the liveliest emotions of fatif fa(tion,your exprellious of gratitude for my hav ing accepted the office of Prefidcnt of the Uni ted States,and your congratulations on that event. From the enlightened policy of the legislature of the union, in conjunction with the patrio tic measures of the Hate ailemblies, I anticipate the bleflings in reserve for these United States ; and so far as my administration may be condu cive to their attainment, I dare pledge myfelf to co-operate with those diftinguiflied bodies, by constantly refpecfting and cherishing the rights of my fellow citizens. Your mention of the place from whence you address me, awakens a iucceffion of uncommon reflexions.—ln noticing the eventful period, since the resignation of my military command, I trace, with infinite gratitude, the agency of a Providence, which induced the people of Ameri ca to substitute in place of an inadequate confede racy, a general government, eminently calcula ted tofecure the fafety and.welfare of their coun try. The good dispositions of this people, and their increasing attachment to a government of their own iuftitution, with the aid ofwifdomand firm nefs in their common councils, afford a well found ed hope, that the danger of civil discord may be averted, and the union eftabli/hed on so solid a basis that it may endure to the latest ages. When I refled: on the critical situation to which this country has been more than once reduced, I feel a kind of exultation in the character of my countrymen, who have rescued it from the threat ened ruin by their virtue, fortitude, intelligence and unanimity. thank you for the favourable sentiments which you are pleased to express of my public condudt, and for the affectionate interest which you have the goodness to take in the success of my nieafures, and theprefervation of my health. 1 pray for the divine Benedictions on you, gen tlemen, and on your State. Address of the Town of Alexandria, to the honora ble Thomas Jefferfon, Esquire. Alexandria, nth March, 1790. Si r, YOU have returned to your native country. Permit us, the inhabitants of Alexandria, to join with the reft of our fellow-citizens in the warmest congratulations to you on that happy event. As a commercial town, we feel ourselves particularly indebted to you for theindulgencies which your enlightened representations to the Court of France have secured to our trade. You have freed commerce from its fliackles and def-, troyed the firll ellay made in this ,country to wards eftablifhing T a monopoly. But we allure you that these events, though more recent, are not more deeply imprefled on our minds, than the whole tenor ot your condmft, when we were struggling in the sacred Cause of Freedom. A sense of the benefits we have already derived from your talents and virtue, in the various offices you have filled, induces us to entertain the inoft auspicious hopes from vour arrival at this cri lis, when a Constitution, newly adopted, and which is to decide the fate of republican forms of Government, is commencing its operation ; and •when fubjedcs of the highest importance to the Union, must neceflarily be difcufled. That you, Sir, in every walk of life, may meet with the re ward of your meritorious services, and fulfil the high expectations of a free and republican peo ple, is our sincere wifli. Jn behalf of the citizens of Alexandria, WILLIAM HUNTER, jun. Mayor. Thomas Efqulrc. Alexandria, March ir, 1790. S I R, ACCEPT my sincere thanks, for yourfelf and the worthy citizens of Alexandria, for their kind congratulations on my return to my native country. I am happy to learn that they have felt benefit from the encouragements to commerce which have been given by an'allied Nation. jßut truth and candor oblige me, at the fame time, to de- G. WASHINGTON. Clare you are indebted foi- tliofe encout-agements I 6£ t i? t it fnen . d, y disposition of that Nation, which has /hewn nfelf ready on every occafionto adopt all arrangements which misht ftrenjnhen our ties of mutual interest and friendfliip. Convinced that the republican is the only form of Government which is not eternally at open or secret war with the rights of mankind, my pray ers and efforts shall be cordially contributed to the support of that we have so happily establish ed —h is, indeed, an animating thought that, while we are securing the rights of ourselves and our poiterity, we are pointing out the way to ttniggling Nations, who wish, like us, to emerge from their tyrannies also. Heaven help tliclr •truggles, and lead them, as it lias done us, tri umphantly through them ! Accept, Sir, for yourfelf and the Citizens of A lexandria, the homage of my thanks for their ci vilities, and the aflurance of those sentiments of relpedl and attachment, with which I have the honor to be, Sir, your most obedient, and most humble Servant, THOMAS JEFFERSON. Wi L LIA MHu KTtßyjun. Efq, Mayor of Alexandria. FOR THE GAZETTE OF THE UNITED STATES. FABLE honest Hodce to Janus came, His neighbor's Hogs and Sheep to blame ; Who, tho his fence was good and found, Found means to break into his ground ; Janus, with sapient nod and speech, Declar'd that Law could mend the breach ; " That plain asnofc on human face," Great damages were in the cafe Quoth Hodce, I'ih glad your tho'ts are mine, iour's are the breachy Sheep and Swine— Hold ! cries the lawyer in a fright ! If so—the cafe ii alt. -'d quite. Thus in political affairs, Each mortal for the Public cares—• Taxes on taxes may be laid, If only by our neighbors paid. But tax my own peculiar catling, } Lord ! what a raving, rout and bawling— C You'd think the very State was falling. S FOR THE GAZETTE OF THE UNITED STATES. THE PRESENT STATE OF EUROPE. TN contemplating the present poftnre of affairs in the Eastern Hemisphere, a variety of con tending ideas obtrude on the mind : The result will be a comparison between the progress of light, wisdom, and freedom in the old world and In Rujjia we behold vast armies march ed from one end of that immense empire to the other, for the purpose of adding to the extent of its territory, and the eclat of the Ruffian arms— when the country already in pofTeffion, is not one halfpopulated— and the caprices of ambition, but a few years since thinned the land of millions of the people. Would an enlightened, free people, be thusfobfervient to the views of ambition ? It is more than a century since Peter the Great, begun the workof civilization ; and yet, the rays of freedom can scarcely be said to gleam 011 a country, where the whole body of the peo ple are the property of the crown. But the splen dors of victory ; the charms of tritunph ; and the eulogium 011 Princes, Generals, and Heroes, (the illusions of fancy) are found to counterbal ance all the poficive miseries of war and despo tism. The prayer of every benevolent mind must be, may lightarife in such Egyptian darkness. In Sweden we behold a Monarch, whose charac fo f ar ss it unfolds itfelf, impreiles the mind with favorable sentiments of his wisdom and mag nanimity— still we are not furnifhed with such documents as enable us to form a competent judgment of the reasons which have induced the war with Russia. Opinions on this point are various—some ap plaud—others condemn. Some recent accounts, indicate, however, that the war is not altogether popular: Certain extraordinary privileges have been lately granted to the inferior orders of the people—and every measure appears to be taken to keep up thefpirit of hostility against the Ruf fians. Sweden was once free—but now it seems, the Monarch can divest one order of citizens of their ancient privileges, and bestow them on another, and still retain his popularity. Can the flame of freedom befaid to illume fucli a country ? The commotions in tht Austrian Netherlands area novel and solemn fpedtacle. It is quite attcw thing under the fun to behold the fonsof the' Cowl and the Cord' harnessing on the habiliments of war, and fighting under the (tandard of freedom. The Emperor laying (as they term it) sacrilegi ous hands on the endowments of Monasteries and Nunneries, and abrogating certain exclusive privileges, which they had long poffefled, gave the firlt alarm to the people. (To be continued.) 399 eulogium on mr. Pitt. FROM THE STAR. (LONDON.) I itt has been called,riot Jligmatized, for it is no reproach till his abilities shall be tried in war—the Minified of Peace. He has (hewn hinifelf the redeemer of his country, finking un der the mifmanagemeiit of a corrupt war-adrnin iftrarion ; and by his spirit on the late armament", he has secured alliances which will render us, by degrees, a tower of strength ; and has given a proof of what we are to expect on a future emer- gency. And how was this great political desideratum brought about ? With an astonishing addrcfs and generalship, at the expense of less than hdlf a million, wliilft a former atrociously degenerated minister more than doubled our debt, with the lole consequence of a difinemberment of our A meiican provinces, loft through negledl, corrup tion, and the stupidity, obstinacy, and want of forefight of our councils at home, at which he presided ex officio. NEW-YORK, MARCH 27, 1790, E" lra ' C ? "J " litter from Derby, Conveflicut, Marth 18 The proposed duty on fait u contemplated with great difmft the exportation ol provisions is become a very important articFe of commerce ; I yearly pack, up 300 barrels ; the fait amounts to a conliderable luin—an enhanced duty will make my i rtf and'pork meet the market at more than a Hulling additional price—now though the bulinefs is yet thisduty will entirely ■ reak it up ; our cattle upon a thoufaud hills will be a ufelcls bunh> n on the earth ; our paiture* will be untenanted, our calvesmuft.be all kihed—and in Ihoitallthc graziers, butchers, packers* coope,r« and (h.ppers of provilions will be ruined by this enhanced rimy on fait.—There are other articles which might be noticed—(hall only mention/™/; my wife takes a great deal, much to my conl y°u lna y be lure—the lays if it is made dearer by a new du ty, noses may as well go out of fafhion. ExtraCl of a litter from St. Euftatia, dated Feb. To. " This minute a part of the hill of this place gave way, and buried a number of the inhabitants of the lower town in the ruins. The number that fell victims in this unhappy cataftroplieis not yet afcertairted." The brig Minerva, Worth, from this port for Hudson, took fire on the 24th inft. near Fort Lee; and was nearly consumed. The new Church lately built in Broadway oti the lite of the old Trinity Church, was on Thurs day last solemnly consecrated and dedicated td the service of God,, by the' Right Reverend Fath: er in God, Samuel, Bifhopof theProteftant Epis copal Church in the State of New York—a (Tilted by the several gentlemen of the clergy belonging to the Church. A great number of people were alTembled on this occasion. The President of the United States, together withjhe Rev, Clergy of the different denominations in this city, and many other persons of diftindtion were present. An excellent sermon, adapted to the occasion, was delivered by the Rev. Dr. Beach. Thursday last a vote waspafled in theHoufeof Aflembly of this State, declaring vacant the feat of the Hon. Rufus King, Esq. wio, since his dec. tion intp the Legislature, has been eledted a Sen ator for this State in the Congrcfs of the United States. The poor mechanics and labourers of Europe, are turning their thoughts to the United Slates as an afylutn from all the oppression of defpo: ism, poverty and wretchedness. At present many ob stacles are thrown in the'way of emigration but except their condition is meliorated by adopt ing a more humane and liberal policy on the part of their oppreflors, lieceffity will surmount every impediment, and emigrations to this land of free dom, will in a great measure depopulate the old world.— " Weiward the Ball of Empire rolls." Measures founded in wisdom, should be tena ciously adhered to—it is very easy to find faults, but extremely difficult to devise adequate reme dies. On matters of finance and revenue, there are perhaps fewer competent judges than on any fubjed: whatever—and yet there is none, on which fuperficial characters are more apt to de cide with confidence. Propositions for ne.v tax es are always fruitful topics of declamation—and the public are not unfrequently abused with the complaints of persons who pretending a regard to the general-welfare, excite discontents among the people, to defeat measures calculated to pro mote the public good, merely because they ima gine their private interest will be injured. Firmness in a minister appears to be an in dispensable requisite to ensure success. ARRIVALS SINCE OUR LAST. NEW YORK. Brig Sotnerfet, Hunt, Turks-Island. Brig Ann, Donaldfon, Amsterdam. ——Brig Rebecca, Little, St. Thomas. ——Brig Robert, Douglafs, Kingston. • Brig Queen of the North, Durand, Cape Francois. Schooner Rebecca, Swaine, Newbern, (N. C.) — Schooner Lively, Major, Turk's-Ifland. —7 —Schooner Charming Sally, Howat, Norfolk. Sloop Hudson Packet, Coffin, Gaudaloupe. Sloop Sally, Griffin, St. Martin's. Sloop Lady Haley, Tillinghaft, Charlcfton.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers