FOR THE GAZETTE Of THE UNITED $TJTES. MR. FENNO, FROM the general approbation of thenew conllitution,no doub 1 every pofiible aid necessary to give it force and energy fuffi cient to answer all the wife and salutary purposes for which it was framed, will steadily and uniformly be given by every well-dis posed citizen of the United States of America—and it appears to me (th 'J muftconfefs myfelf no adept in politics) that the fuc cels, force and energy, of the government will very much de pend on the situation and place which Congress may fix on for the general feat of government. —Various places and situations have been contemplated, and by different writers warmly recommend ed, and tins is not only peifettly consonant with the unalienable lights of every citizen under the happy and benign influence of a free government; but has likewise a direst tendency to throw more light upon a fubjelfc, which from its magnitude and inter filing conferences, cannot possibly be too clearly underilood, when decided on.— Under the impreflion of these considerations, 2 flatter myfelf justice and candor will ajlow me with modesty to represent to the public, some few of the many, and great anvan tages which in my view,fo confpicuoufiy recommend the situation on the Eastern shore of the river Sufquehanna,and at the head of the navigation,ornearit,of the largeßay of Cheafepeak,for thispurpofe. The great number of conveniences, and advantages which woujd inevitably attend fixing the capital of tne United States, near the mouth of such a large river, and on the head of so extensive a Bay, on which so many States lie, or are contiguous, and the conveni ences resulting from this situation to the ;mion in general, confi- , dered with its several mutual advantages—l humbly conceive will appear so obvious, upon serious and rati opal reflc&ion, and accu rate examination, as cannot fail of being f fleemed the most weighty and powerful arguments in favor of this situation, for the tranf a&ion of the important bufinefsof the union, and for the holding the great national fupremc courts. This premised, the public will indulge one in a brief represent ation of the River Sufquehanna, its various sources having lately been so difcriminatcly explored by so many travellers of undoubt- | ed credibility, as fufficiently evince, that it opens a communica- | tion into an immense extent of territory where the foil and vege tation isnaturallv such as moll indubitably prove cue long tp ,be of inestimable value* It not only presents a number of pleasing and elegant profpe&s, to induce adventurers to fettle it, which, when occupied, and this river is made navigable (in my opinion, as wrll as many others a thing by no means impraflicable) ail the variety of valuable produce which it appears by nature iptended to yield, for lome hundred of miles Northcaftward, may by it* various branches ifTuing from different part* be conveyed into that large stream, and by that commercial channel to this so well adapt ed diftrift, for the feat of the union.—But it will likewise prove an inexhaustible supply of timber of the best quality of every kind, neceflary for (hip building and other work. The great Bay of the Cheafepeak is so well known, by mofl gentlemen who reside in, as well as thofc foreigners who have vifitcd the United States, as may well apologize for but a verycon cife description of it here.—l will briefly observe, that this Bay is not only the largest, and the best and lafeft navigation in the Unit: d States, but the mofl central ; that it is bordered by two very confidcrablc States, and that its confines extend almost to the very verge of the Delaware State, and within a small diflance of Noith-Carolina, while its tide flows up the Sufquehanna, not far from the Pennfvlvania line—That not only Sufquehanna, but the great and extensive Potomack and James Rivers, which delineate such channels of communication, and commercial intercourse with a very considerable part of the back or western country, disem bogue into it—and the meanders of those large streams pass thro several parts of an amazing fertile country, and which afford a number of most valuable produ&ious, peculiar to thofc late ex plored region-, among which have been difcovtred, large bodies of excellent coal, an article, time alone will determine the real value of in the American world ; all whereof claim our attention, as so many apparent proofs, that infinite wisdom and goodness have been eminently displayed in placing so many bleffingi within the happy domain of these independent and United States.—Now from these observations, I trust a moment's reflc£lion will be fuf ficient to evince how conveniently the valuable produ&ions of those remote parts might at a small expence be conveyed down these rivers into the Bay, and by it to the proposed situation for the federal feat. If this filiation fhotild meet the approbation of our great na tional council tor their diftrift of exclusive legislation, it appears highly probable, that the east fide of the mouth of Sufquehanna would be the place most approved of for its beginning ; and to extend from thence ten miles up the River, which will be three or four miles above the flowing of the tide, and from the River, as they may U their wisdom dire&, uutil it comprehends a dif trift o f . or equal to ten miles square, which if fquave, or even nearly 10, will be situated on a conflux of water*, that abound with fifh of excellent quality and water fowl equal, if not fupcrior to any upon the continent—and although the continental post road, by palling through lands x>f the mod unfertile foil, lcaft cul tivated of any on thofc parts, may naturally induce the observing traveller to form an unfavorable opinion of this part of the country, yet in justice to it, and for the information of the public, 1 mull observe, that not far from each Tide of this road, arc very valua ble farms, producing almost every ufeful vegetable of both the Northern and Southern States, and within a convenient distance, are unexhauftible bodies of Jimc-ftone of the best quality. As many of the members of our national council have pafled through this part of the country, which nature from a combination of circumstances has lendered so very interesting : in order to rc prefent the internal conveniences and advantages of this didrift, it may fufhee briefly to obfervethat, cxclufivr of a variety of fine mills and waterworks for different purposes; that there area number of excellent farms and plantations, forae occupied in ag riculture, and others principally in grazing, See. And as this dif trift would not only be situated in a fertile part of the country, but nearly join the wealthy counties of Chrfter and Lancaftcr, where in are fcveral rich German and EngliftiijLttleincnts, which although at a much greater distance do now, in a confiderahle degree sup ply the markets of both Philadelphia and Baltimore. I cannot conceive the lead reason to doubt,but tljat a Federal Town in this place, would be plentifully fopplicd with the best provisi ons, at moderate ratea: And whoever knows how much this extensive and fertile part of the country fuffers for want of a cen tral Market-Town, upon a moment's reflection will candidly ad mit the propriety of this aflertion. The public will fuffer me further to observe, that among many other internal advantages attending this diftrttt for the Federal Town,it will include Charleflown,which has already from its si tuation attra&ed much publicattention. It rises from the fhorcs of a pleasant tide river, so agreeably as to engage numbers of Gen tlemen, when patting through it (who have not only made the tour of America, but several parts of Europe) to halt on their way to gratify the eye with the delightfulfiefs of the profpefh—At a convenient difcmce from thistown, Northward, and from the ri ver Sufquehanna, Southward, there is a chain of Mountains so formed py nature, as to afford a clear profpeft over the town and adjacent waf£-s as for as the eye can extend down the bay; these situations having fine springs ifTuing from them are well watered and adapted for elegant country feats; however if Con irefs should prefer a situation some distance from tide water, there are fcveral heights and beautiful elevated situations which would probably be near the centre of this diftrift, and not far from the river Sufque hanna, some whereof may be very jnftly esteemed for their pure water, salubrity of air, and delightfulnefs of profpeft, and not more than five miles Northward of Charleflown,the centre where of is nearly in the direction of the general inclination of the bay, although at some miles distant. From the top of some of thofr elevated situations, the mod beautiful profpe£t fd wards the Ocean is exhibited as far as the eye can reach, when even aflifted by the bell of perfpc£tive glaffcs. What adds considerably to both the advantage and pleasantness of these situations is their direttion, East and Weft; whence there is a gradual descent Southward, which not only affords excellent water, but an agreeable (lope for indulgingthe moil refined taste inelegant improvement. It may with some degree of propriety be further noticed, that should Congress fix upon this lituation for the permanent feat, thev will not only be nearly central, but in the leading high way of communication from North to South. 111 this situation they will certainly avoid those evils which a popular and commercial city would expose them to, and that undue influence which cannot but be experienced by a legislature funounded by men. whole interest, may be opposed to the community at large, and those inconveni encesand dangers in this rcfpeft,werc lately so justly pointed out by an honorable member of the House of Representatives,* when in a committee of the whole, the fubjeft of funding the public ddbt was under difcuflion. A SPECTATOR. * General JackforCs Speech. EXTRACT from an ESSAY on AGRICULTURE By The Baron POELLNITZ. [Printujt by Childs and Swaine—New-York.'] IN the r dark, as we are in general, about the means of nature, there is now and then a glimpse of light which ihinesin our eyes, and will guide us to lome discovery ! One great man, by feeing a pear drop from a tree, discovered the laws of gravitation ; another no less renowned, by leeing a kite, the plaything of children, fly, conceived from it, and executed to command the thunder of Heaven : So will often a trifle be seized by men of superior genius, and they will make it the basis for inftrudiion to mankind. But the enquiry is to be, how Nature has pro duced wheat > Was there a previous dunghill,or is it by means of dung the produce of man's in dustry ? A finile will be the anfvver ; no will be the result of the question. What are then the laws, whereby to all appear ance nature frucftifies the earth, and produces plants of every kind ? 'Till convinced of error, by arguments grounded on physical and chymical experiments, I will be bold to fay, that though there may be various concurrent ones, neverthe less, simple laws are commonly the promoters ; those which I will mention Hand probably fore moft in rank. I fay, the influence of air, with all its different charaifters and vicissitudes, the fun or light, the mixture of earths carried on by strong rains and overflow of waters, are the laws and vehicles of vegetation. How far it is in man's power to apply these principles to agriculture,! fliallcurforily consider; and in this, as well as in what I have said in the former paragraph, 1 am warranted, by what the learned have proved by experimental philosophy, and by what 1 have been taught by my own small experience. John Tull was the firft who went off from the beaten tracft, and put new rules of agriculture in pradiice ; his system was in part erroneous,though part of it entitles him to our grateful remem brance. Jolin/Tul) was laughed at, so was Chrif toplier Columbus, till fadis gave credit to his dis covery, and proclaimed his merit. But, without going into difcuflions of old lyftems, or in all the quotations of new ones, I will come to the point. By deep and frequent plowing, we expose the furface of the earth to more light, and to all the influences of air ; hereby we help the operation of nature in that cafe. By mixing our foil with foils of different qualities, we obtain what nature does by rains, and overflow of waters : By those manududlions, art improves, facilitates, and am plifies the means of nature to procure vegetation, and thus wheat may be l'aifed in any quantity. I mean not to detradi from the use of dung ; putrified animal and vegetable bodies, accumu lated in our dung-hills, are ufeful acceflaries to vegetation : but is the furface of the earth not also a composition of those ingredients, though therein contained, no doubt for the best, with other mixtures. Dung gives a strong additional heat, and fomc plants will not thrive without ; but wheat can be raised independent of a dune hill. h I go farther and fay, that sowing wheat upon frelh dunged land is prejudicial.—Commonly I use no dung to my wheat, but only on a previous summer fallow ; and 1 callafuminer fallow, land well dunged early in the spring, andfown in with turnips, cabbages, carrots, beans, peas, lentils parsnips, potatoes, flax, hemp or early corn on this I sow wheat in the fall with success, and so avoid smut, numbers of weeds and infedts, pro moted and foftered by frelh dung. EDUCATION. THE importance of manners, or graceful de portinent in inftrutSors of youth, has been too little attended to. Tlie acquisition of fcien tific knowledge is an obje<ft of unspeakable con sequence—but Mann ers form the man—and the future liappinefs and success of children are more intimately connetfted withajuft, an easy and dignified mode of address than they are with the bare attainments of a common school education The Worcester Speculator, No. 74, contains among many others, the following judicious re marks. " I was pleased with au observation which a 392 I'erifrbie farmer made fame tioie ago, -when a number were converting on the qualifications of school matters. He lived in a town that was noted for the negle<ftof schools, and for endea voring to evade the law refpediing grammar schools. It was his opinion, he said, that tho a common man might be found capable ot' teaching children to spell, read, write, and cy. plier with exa&nefs, yet a gentleman (as he ex. prefled liimfelfj tho not more capable in tliefe refpetfts, was greatly to be preferred, because of the influence and Ikill he would have in es tablishing decency and order in the school, and in forming the manners of the children, aixjjn preventing or«uring any aukwardnels in theii way of speaking or behaving. An obfervatiojj this, worthy ofthe consideration of those whose bulinefs it is to provide schoolmasters, or to em ploy them." FROM THE LITCHFIELD WEEKLY MONITOR. ADVICE TO J HE PUBLIC. WE find in the newspapers an extract of a let ter from the Welt-Indies, complaining of the badness of American flour, being spoiled by meal-worms and mites ; and the writer willies to know the cause of it—which every one ought to know—for which reason, I will inform, those mites are bred in hot weather, in mills and meal rooms, and in store cherts. In the month of June let the miller clean his rooms and chests of all the unmoved meal and bran—in every hole and-cor ner, and every crack—and instead thereof strew fine fait, and make (moke in his mill—then let him dress his mill so as it may not heat in grind ing, and bolt and pack the flour as soon as may be —the sooner the better, for the mites proceed from an imperceptible, winged infe<fl, which ho vers about in still weather, and meal is their a greeable habitation in the lilent night. I once put a buihel of new flour in my open meal trough and it was spoiled in a few hot nights —but the mites were there before. Flour for do mestic use, will keep bell in good bags in hot wea ther. As to the meal-worms complained of, they are not bred in the timber of the calk, as the writer is informed—if they were, the jarring of the cooper's ax and hammer, and fire and fuioke would Hop their progress. They breed in old meal and bran, and make tlieir way thro worm holes and bad joints of the calk :—There lhould be made smoke in meal-rooms a little before fujif down, that those winged infers, which may be seen in the raysof the fun, may go forth. When the flour is packed, walh the barrels with strong brine and lime. A Litchfielp Milled. Just publifhcd, by CAREY, STEWART, AND COMPANY, No. 11, of the vilth volume of The American MUSEUM, OR UNIVERSAL MAGAZINE, And to be fold by THOMAS ALLEN, No. »3,QuEEN-STaEsr, where fubferiptions are received, at 2 Dol. and half pr. an. CHARACTER OF THE MUSEUM. I T has been uniformly conduced withtafte, attention, and pro tl priety. A more ufeful literary plan has never been undcrta " ken in America, or one more deserving of public encourage u tncnt." His Excellency General Wajhivgton. u It has been condu&ea in a manner highly deserving o{ pub " lie encouragement." Hon. John Dickinfon. " It far exceeds, in my opinion, every attempt of the kind, " which, from any other American press ever came to my hands," His Excellency Governor Litingjloi:. " I concur with those refpettaole characters, (General Wafhing -64 ton, Hon. John Dickinion, and Governor Livingfton) in their " high opinion of the work, and of its execution." His Excellen cy Governor Randolph. it- t^i— vt.:J __i " The Museum is calculatcd to diffcminate literary, political, " historical, agricultural, and other valuable information, in a 44 very advantageous manner, and to a great extent, and more cf " pecially to preserve interesting documents from oblivion." Rev. Dr. Stiles—* Rev. Dr. DxuighM~-Judge Hopkinfon•—Bishop White—Rev. Dr. Etuing—Rev. Dr. Magaw—Tench Coxe, E(q. Rev. Dr. Andrews—-Judge Law*—Judge Dyer—Judge ShetiMn— Judge Pitkin. To be SOLD, At PUBLIC AUCTION, on the First Day of Apri l next, (if not disposed of before, at Private Sale.) HTHAT pleasant and valuable Place formerly eal led COLES-FERRY, now by the name of VAN DUZER'S, on Staten lfland, Richmond County, with two good fufficicnt Pettiaugers for the tcrrying business. It is a beautiful fituatioo, and one of the Weft Hands for a Ferry, or Tavern, on Staten-Ifland, and an excellent Shad and Herring Fishery within 20 yards of the door, Black-Fith, and all other kind of Fish in their season. It is likewise the best and most convenient Ferry to Long-Island, where a number of paffengerspafs and repafs. It lies within two miles of the Pointof the Narrows, and between 8 and 9 miles front New-York. There is about 30 acres of excellent good Land, chief ly Meadow, with a very good Wharf, Hnufe, Barn and Garden— the whole being in good repair. It will also make a beautiful Country Seat, fit for any gentleman. For Particulars enquire of John Anderson, cornerofths Exchange, or Charles M'Lean, White Hall, New-York, or of MelTrs By ekss and Rei l ly, Staten-Ifland, or of the Subscri be* on :h; premises, where the conditions of sale will be made known. ABRAHAM VANDUZER. Statcn-IJland, March 6, 1790. A LIVERY STABLE, Kept by BENJAMIN POWELL, at the upper end of Quiek- Street, Np. u x, near the Tea-Water Pumt. \XT HERE he takes in Horses by the night, week, V V month or year, at the most moderate rates that can be a*- forded. He thanks his former customers for their favors, and fit ters hiinfelf that care and attention will again be paid to such gen tlemen, as may put their horses in his charge. Boarding ann Lodg ing maybe had by applying as above. Feb. 2,5-
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers