2 THE DAILY rfTENINO TELEGRAPH PHILADELPHIA, MONDAY, APRIL 24, 1871. srmiT of tbs ritEss. ZDlTOEIili OPINION8 OF THIS LEADING JOUBNiLS UPON OTJBRHJfT TOPICS COMPILED KVEBT DAT FOB THE EVENING TELEGRAPH. THE RAILROADS AND THE TEOrLE. From the K. 1. Sun. When railroads first began to be built la this country, It was upon the theory that they were only a new variety of turnpikes. The laws authorizing their builders to take the land they required without the consent of it owners were sustained purely on grounds of publio policy. It was Baid by the courts that the iron track was as much a publio conveni ence as one of earth or stone, and that, just as any citizen could drive or walk over an ordinary road, so he could put his own car on a railroad and travel over it. This was, however, before the day of steam locomo tives. As soon as these contrivances were introduced, the whole railroad system had to be modified. The railroad companies, from being mere road owners, became carriers of goods and passengers, and crowded other car riers off their tracks altogether. This was, indeed, inevitable. No business could be safely transacted , on a railroad unless one single head regulated the movement of all the trains; and no man in his senses would now think of keeping a private locomotive and oar for use on the various railroads of the ooun try, as he keeps his carriages and horses. It is safer as well as cheaper for him to use the vehicles provided for the common use of all travellers. This change in the theory of building and operating railroads, while it has yielded un expected profits to their owners, has also given rise to a quite generally received opinion that they are nothing more than private money making machines, like the business of a mer chant or a manufacturer. During the last few years especially, our American railroad companies have gone on consolidating and extending their lines, and watering their capitals, with reference solely to their own interests. Their managers assume that their only duty is to make all the money they pos sibly can for themselves and their share holders, and that the publio are sheep to be shorn for iheir advantage. There are indications at present of a rebel lion against the tyranny of railroad corpora tions on the part of the people. Fortunately, legislative authority is still necessary for important acts on the part of Jjthe railroads, and these reminders to the popular repre sentatives of the power they possess have not been useless. By a wise foresight the rate of way passenger fares on the Cen tral Railroad of this State has been limited to two cents per mile and on all other roads to three cents. In Illinois a law has lately been passed reduoing the rates from five cents per mile to two and one-half cents, and limiting local freights to the lowest prices charged for through transportation. Similar laws will doubtless be enacted in all the other States, and speculators in railroad stocks who calculate on an unlimited in crease of dividends will be disappointed. The people at large have too immediate an interest in keeping down the cost of passage and transportation for their representatives to dare to vote against that interest, and bribery will be impotent to defeat their will. Every farmer at the West sees plainly that it is he who pays the cost of carrying his wheat to market; since all wheat brings the same price at Chicago or New Yoik, no mat ter how far it has had to be brought, and every cent paid for freight is a cent out of his pocket. Every maker and consumer of manufactured goods, or raiser of cattle or agricultural products, knows that the cheaper freights are the better it is for him; and the traveller, more than all, is alive to the dif ference between one dollar and two in the price of a railroad ticket. To suppose that any combination or monopoly can stand against this universal pressure, is to suppose that Niagara Falls can be dammed up by human agency, and the river rolled back into Lake Erie. The time is coming when no railroad will be allowed to exaot any greater compensa tion from its customers than enough to pay its expenses and the lowest market rate of interest on its cost. The watering of capi tals, of which we have of late had so many stupendous instances, will not only be stopped, but undone where already accom plished, and railroads will be made to return to their original condition of instruments for the benefit of the publio, and not for that of stockholders alone. DR. DOLLINGER AND THE POPE. From the N. T. Timet. The excommunication of Dr. Dollinger, which the cable announced the other day, may turn out to be the beginning of a great schism in the Roman Catholio Church. The veteran theologian of Munich has been the consistent opponent of the infallibility dogma from the very moment of its inoep tion. lie stands honorably distinguished among the great men who denounced the course ef the majority at the late council, by persevering in his opposition after the dogma had been promulgated as an article of faith. He denied before the event, as he denies now, that the dogma has either a scriptural or an historical basis. He maintains that the fassages of the New Testament on which apal infallibility rests are otherwise inter- Ereted by all the Fathers, and as his vow inds him to aocept the patristic interpreta tion of Scripture, it compels him to rejeot that accepted by the Council of the Vatican. He denies the statement that Papal infalli bility existed from the beginning of the Church, and characterizes it aa being ia glaring contradiction to undoubted faots. He alleges that two (Ecumenical Counoils of the fifteenth century decided against the pretension to Papal infallibility, and that, moreover, the late decrees are antagonistic to the constitutions of European States, and "specifically to the Bavarian Constitution, which he has Bworn to abserve." Tua solemn declaration of his reasons for refusing to submit to the new dogma was handed ia to the Archbishop of Munich onMaroh 2d, and in addition to the points specified, contained the following statements. Thousands of both clergy and laity agree with him la holding the new artioUs of faith to L e untenable. Even among those who have made a formal submission, nobody among hh aojuaint jaae believes the new doctrinea save in ome uoa natural or evasive sense, 'lhe statement that the judgment-seat of God and of the Pope is one and the same originated among Latin populations, "and will never be able to make its way in German lands. ' The subjsotion of political order to Fapbl uitborify brought the old German Empire to destruction, aud, ""were it to become dominant Jn Cathilio Germany now, would at once implant the seeds of a deadly malady in the new Eoipire just established. There are two cotaUe things about Dr. Dollingtr's position. Tt.e first is thatj he bases lis opposition to the new dogma, and its affiliated provisions, on grounds whioh lie strictly within the traditions and dootrinea of the Romish Churoh. This will give his protest a significance and a power in that Church which it oould not have otherwise possessed. The second ia that, while rejecting the new article of faith "as a Christian, a theologian, and an historical student," he dis sents from it also as a citizen, and as a citi zen, moreover, of the newly-created German empire. This will do more than anything else to lend his arguments a vitality that v. ill endure long after their author has passed awny. Dr. Dollinger warns the bishops of the Church against the degradation of their office that is involved in making them merely the delegates of the Pope at Rome, who now arrogates "the entire plcntitude of power" over every Catholic diocese in Chris tendom. So far, he indorses what has been known for centuries as the Gallioan opposi tion to the usurpations of Rime. Rut when, in addition to this, he lays aside the eoolesi ostic, and makes the duties of a patriot and a citizen vital arguments against the encroach ments of a Jesuitical majority of his Church, he enunciates a doctrine that the Papacy must stamp out, or recognize as its own death-warrant. After its ancient man ner, the Papacy has attempted to destroy this latest utterance of truth within the pnle of the Church. Dr. Dollinger was allowed a fortnight by the ecclesiastical authorities at Munich to reconsider his deci sion regarding the dogma. His sentence of excommunication has, doubtless, been pre ceded by a deposition from his offloes of Pro vost cf the Royal Chapter, and Professor of Ecclesiastical History. The most erudite of the contemporary theologians of "the Roman Catbolio Church has thus, after fifty years of single-minded devotion to its service, been foimally committed to everlasting perdition, because he refused to sacrifice either his intellect or his conscience at the bidding of some hundreds of Italian priests. A few tri umphs like this would shatter tho founda tions of the Papacy more irretrievably than a new Reformation. THE FEMALE SICKLES. From the K r. World. Our Calif ornian advices on Saturday an nounced that the hideous comedy whioh has been for days past enaoting in a Sau Fran cisco court of justice would probably reach its denouement on that day. The drop-scene, which, according to old-fashioned notions of this kind of performance, should end the bad eventful history, will of course be lacking. Our arena of adultery and assassination would cease to be amusing if its portals were de formed with the ugly shadow of the gallows. We have as keen a passion as the ancient Ro mans had for the sports fCthe circus; but our sympathies are less virilWehan theirs, and we shudder at the shedding of blood: by the nnromantio hands of the publio executioner. So certain have our audiences now beoome of the temper of our juries, that after the ex quisite delights of the evidence and the stim ulating collisions of the counsel are over nobody cares to wait for the dull formality of a verdict which can no longer be made even the basis of a bet. Tho spectators, lika Mefsalina, "rather jaded than satiated," begin to drop out of the court-room before the nose of the judge has bugled the pre liminary note of his charge, just as we see uncivil people slip on their great coats and hustle down the aisles of a theatre while the opulent uncle from India is in the very act of bestowing his blessing and fifty thousand pounds upon his long-lost niece. A few old stagers, grown rheumy and sentimental with year?, may linger among the ladies to choke with emotion when the defendant' aenior lawyer fondly clasps his rescued client to his manly breast ere he resigns her with a sob to the choote embrace of the presiding judge. But, as a telegram informs us is true of this case, the body of the publio lose their interest in the trial as soon as the forensio fight is over. To-morrow's sun, it is fully expected in San Francisoo, will see the "lovely and interesting" murderess of Mr. Crittenden set free onoe more to sweep with regal step the sounding corridors of hotels, and entranoe with flashing eyes the quarter decks of Mississippi steamers. Fortunately for the life insurance companies, the number of woman born with a predisposition to enj oy the promiscuous use of pistols and the refined excitements of life in the felon's dook is comparatively limited. We may reason ably hope that not a great many more middle-' aged gentlemen of tangled social relations will be shot in the midst of their families as a result of Mrs. Fair's acquittal than would have come to such an end had that lady been hanged, as ladies of her tastes and temper used to bo by our ancient English fore fathers, or drowned, after the more deoorous fashion of the still more ancient Jutes. Rut since our reliance in this regard must clearly be upon the light of nature in the hearts of average women, rather than upon statutes and courts of justice, would it not, perhaps, be as well to abrogate altogether these said useless statutes and to close these worse than useless oourts of justioe ? Since it is agreed on all hands that the only practical effect of trials for murder in this country is to establish a gratuitous and overwhelming rivalry with the legitimate drama, do we nt owe it to the regular professors of the his tiionio art to relieve them of so unfair a com petition? What possible chance would Mr. Forrest, or Mr. Rooth, for example, have had of attracting an audience in Washington while the estimable Mr. Sickles was crowding the court-house ? What living queen of tra gedy could have paid her expenses ia Sau Franoisco during the height of Mrs. Fair's recent unparalleled success? It is possible that some of our readers may demur to this view of the latest San Francisoj Bentatlon. There are, we believe, even ia this enlightened age and country, persons s fossilized by tradition as to hold that murder ia a criminal and reprehensible, not a lyrical and enthralling act. But surely suoh persons must put their hands upon their mouths and be dumb in the presence of the parallel whioh has judt passed beneath our pea. No two poems, no two pictures, no two plays can be more alike than the deed which iai mortalized Mr. Sickles and that whioh is now about to immortalize Mrs. Fair. There are differences of detail, to be suro, in the acts, as of sex in the actors. But the graad re semblances swallow up the petty divergencies. In both cases the alleged impulse to the murder was the sadden eoognition of a fact long par fectly familiar to the murderer. In both caM-8 the unpremeditated deed was done with a weapon carefully prepared to that end. In both cases the circumstances of the assassina tion were admirably arranged to heighten with all the thrilling power of contrast its horror and its renown. The friend of Mr. Sickles fell by his hand in the publio streets, within sight of his home and auill the saorei Mil nets of a Sabbath day. Thelover of Mrs. Fair fell by her hand on a publio farry-b ut, Ecrroucded by his chihrrou aud stfutei by his wife, 'lhe slayer of Mr. liny has been re wauU'd by the admiration of his country ccniuiisioutd to defend Lsr in war at home and empowered to represent her in peace broad. If a lower meed be now awarded to his fair competitor, it will be an overwhelm ing case for Miss Anthony and Mrs. Julia Ward Howe, and all th oth r lovely protest ants against the monopoliz n meanness of mankind. i TnE TRADE IN SOULS. From the If. V. Tribune. , . Again we are compelled to come before the public with a revolting story of the sordid crime that is eating the heart of the city. In the interest of publio morals we have made a thorough investigation of some of the haunts of the monsters who devote their lives to the work of corruption. For the third time we call the attention of the chief of police to his sworn duty. We have suppressed the names and addresses of the foul, hags who stand in these ante-rooms of perdition, to avoid giv ing improper information to the vioious or the thoughtless. But these are retained at this office at the disposition of Superintend ent Kelso, if he can be presumed to be so ig norant of his field of labor as not to know them already. We have been led to lay this frightful ex hibit before tho world on account of late incidents and letters received by the Tribune, which Beem to indicate that this moral uloer is growing and spreading with ominous rapid ity. It is useless to mince the matter any further. The truth must be told at once, and in a way to bring the fact vividly before the conscience of the community. Under the guise of folly and fraud is concealed the most atrocious of vices. The pretended fortune tellers who ply their vocation in this city are simply procuresses; and all the more danger ous because the calling which they profess atd publish makes them the medium of com munication between depraved men seeking victims and ignorant young girls or vain women already corrupted. As fortune-tel-leis, they prey upon the ignorant and super stitions, and it is difficult to punish the tak ing of the money of -the foolish under the false pretenses of giving information of the future. But as procuresses they deUauch the innocent and increase crime and pauperism; and as such they are amenable to the laws. If we cannot exterminate them, we can at least make their vile trade so infamous and bo unsafe that their efforts to escape detec tion and punishment will depiive them of half their power to harm. Of course we need uot warn our readers to discriminate between the straightforward statements of our reporters and the slande rous utterances of the procuresses. Whatever the representatives of the Tribune state in regard to their investigations is literally true, but it would be unsafe to conclude that the loathsome calumnies whioh these she-fiends scatter broadcast upon the women of New York are anything more than the natural out pourings of their own vile hearts. They in dulge in this violent exaggeration of the ex tent of their power and resources, partly to impose upon the lioentious vanity of the men who hire them, and partly as an impotent pro test of a fallen nature against the virtue which shames and condemns it. But there is enough to startle and admonish us in the unquestionable fact of the existence of so many of these carrion-kites. They are at once the effect and the cause of a most deadly social disease, and it rests upon the authorities to go to the extreme limit of the law to make this infamy the most dangerous and most unprofitable of trades. THE FOUNDATIONS OF MODERN SOCIETY. From the rail Stall Gazette. The fragility of the basis on whtoU t'ii' complex fabric of modern society rests h shown with startling clearness by the events in rans. ine story is made less intelligible than it might be by the exclamations of horror and disgust with which it is usually told, but in itself it is simple enough. For the purpose of defending Paris against the German be siegers it beoame neoessary to arm even the humblest olasses of the population and to turn them into National Guards, and during the whole period of the siege these classes obtained very nearly as large a share of whatever comforts and necessaries were to be had as the richest part of the Parisian population. When the city capitulated it was intended to put an end to what was a system of practioal com munism accompanied, it may be added, by that general scarcity which would probably follow all attempts to try communistio ex periments on a large scale; but the lower orders of National Guards refused to go back to the ordinary arrangements of sooiety. The working men, as we should calf them, de clined to rettfrn to a life of arduous daily labor, of fluctuating wages, and of depen dence on employers. They had arms in their bands, and announoed that they should use them if the State withdrew the subsistence with which it had provided them for several months. The professional army was then or dered to force them back to their old posi tion, but it would not act against them, and the whole city is therefore for the time at their mercy. Here we have the very foundations of our social system laid absolutely bare. The ulti mate conditions of the maintenance of the present order of things, multifold as it is, are the non-possession by the masses of artificial facilities for effectually using the force whioh naturally belongs to numbers aud the fidelity of the professional guardians of society, whether called soldiery or polioe, to the Gov ernment which employs them. Both these conditions must fail in order that there may fee an actual collapse of the sooial fabrio; but, if they do fail, the crust whioh ordinarily feels so solid has been broken through, and the volcanio foroes underneath it have their way. There are of course in many countries in our own probably more than in any other a great variety of influences which tend to keep tho masses quiet and the publio force loyal. But we have not as 'yet takea sufficient notice of the fact that in several communities which cannot be placed beyond the ple of civilization both the ultimate securities for the preservation of the social system to which we belong have for many years past given way over and over again. In Spain and in all the Spanish Ame rican States, the populaoe, whioh in faot has never been disarmed as has been the civil part of thereat of Europe for about two cen turies, has many times broken out in revolt, and the professional army has joined it or has begun insurrections on its own account. On the whole, the most wonderful thing about these t paniah and Spanish American ruovtmeuts baa been the laths comparative injury which they have done to the States which have been their theatre.. But the ex planation appears to lie first in the compara tively low level of Spanish civilization, and text in the simplicity and sobriety of habits which unquestionably distinguish the Spanish race. A Spanish mob does not aim at much; and, even if it did, there ia very little to be got. But now the mala-jy has reached a eociety f a very different sort. - Daring the last halX-oentury France has created for itself a social system only second ia point of com plexity and artifiaiAlity to the sooial system of this country, and no mind is equal to grasping the results of disturbing its very basis, Is there any community which is absolutely pro tected against the contagion?- English "pro letaries who are eager to give votes to women are far enough, apparently, frem a regimen of brate force; yet crowds who break down park palings are not absolutely without the sense of power, and we are at least taking the first step towards the creation of a profes. sional army. These, however, are but small beginnings, and if it were not for that special weakness of the English social system whioh arises from our neglect to spread over a suffi ciently large space the intense conservatism Eroduced by the possession of land, it might e pronounced exceptionally secure. The so lidity of the German sooial fabrio, firmly as it appears to be at present welded together, may be much more seriously doubted. In Germany the populace and the army consist now of the same persons. The most elabo rate contrivances are employed to diffuse the spirit of obedience and order through the body which has this double aspect, and the excitement of suooess places disloyalty for the present in the remote distance. Yet it is the universal experience of Americans that no olass is so naturally impatient of authority as men of German birth. All that can be said is that if the force which supports the social edifice in Germany comes at anytime to be dissatisfied with that edifice, great will be the fall of it. The essential weakness of the foundations of modern Bociety has long since attracted the attention of thoughtful men, and the remedies which have been proposed for it may be distributed into two classes. It would not be very unjust to associate one class with the name of Mr. Carlyle, and the other with the name of Mr. Cobden; not because these eminent men were the exclu sive inventors or advocates of the remedies to which we refer, but because- eaoh name is the symbol of a school of thought to whioh a particular set cf precautions against anarchy is congenial. The expedient in favor with the first echool is to chain up all this "doggery." The world is governed by force, they say; place therefore your force at the disposal cf intelligence, and let it be orga nized into a system more or less benefioial but at all events effective. Independently of all other objections, it seems to us a conclu sive answer to this theory that it is extremely doubtful whether, supposing intelligence to exist, there is force enough to place at its disposal, or force at all events on which it may rely. What was once practicable, when a small feudal aristocracy in exclusive possession of effective weapons for defense and offence had to put down a Jacquerie, has ceased to be practicable with modern armies. These armies are so large that they must in clude all or a great part of the populaoe; the canaille which is by the assumption to be put down fills the ranks, and is carefully in structed in the art of war. Nor is it praoti cally possible to keep the professionally armed canaille from taking a certain interest in the mendacities and the shams. The other theory is the exact reverse of the theory of the organization of force. Employ no force at all, say its preaohers, or reduce it to a minimum. Trust to education and progress. Do your utmost to diffuse material comforts and intellectual pleasures, and the masses will need no coeroion, because in the long run they will have all they can reasonably desire, lhe innrmity of such views appears to consist in attributing to the masses a set of aims whioh are not theirs and a standard of comfort which is not before their eyes. The theory assumes the permanence of cer tain institutions above all of the institution of private pi opeity and expects the toiling multitude to bo content with a Bomewhat larger share of it than it at present enjoys. Now it seems to us that moderate comfort is not the object desired by these classes, and that what they do desire they seek to obtain by means which are inconsistent with the maintenance of property as now understood. There could be no more improving exeroise for a believer in peaceful progress as an exclusive substitute for orga nized force than attendance at the entertain ment called a "penny gaff" or the perusal of a series of the Family llerald. The standard really before the eyes of the masses is one of extreme luxury, ol that luxury whioh by the nature of the case can only be enjoyed by a small minority. No education, as it seems to us, sloit of the dncation furnished by bitter experience, can be expected to oonviuce the majority in any length of time worth calcu lating that these views are unattainable; and, indeed, one of the first results of eduoation would be to introduce them to theories, doubtless unsound, which pretend to show that there are contrivances by whioh the laboring man can be enabled to share at once the luxury and the idleness of the class from which he is farthdat removed. It may confi dently be asserted that the problem of giving greater stability to society than it now pos sesses is much more difficult and oomplex than either of these schools of thought supposes or appears to suppose. This wonderful 'medicine cures all Diseases aad Pain, lncluiUrg hliJtUMATlOM, NEURALGIA, 8T. 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JAY COOKE, F'cCDLLOC'l & CO., LONDON, AJTD Dealers in Government Eecoritles. Special attention given to the Purchase and Sale of Bonds and Stocks on Commission, at the Board of Brokers in this and other cities. INTERE8T ALLOWED ON DEPOSITS, - COLLECTIONS MADE ON ALL POINTS. GOLD AND SILVER BOUGHT AND SOL In connection with our London House we are now prepared to transact a general FOREIGN EXCHANGE BUSINESS, Including Purchase and Sale of Sterling Bills, and the lBsne of Commercial Credits and Travellers' Cir cular Letters, available In any part of the world, and are thus enabled to receive GOLD ON DEPOSIT, and to allow four per cent, interest in currency thereon. . . . Having direct telegraphic communication with both our New Tork and Washington offices, we can offer superior facilities to our customers. RELIABLE RAILROAD BONDS FOR INVEST MENT. Pamphlets and full information given at our offloe, 1 Smrp No. 114 S. THIRD Street. Phllada, Loan of the United States. SUBSCRIPTIONS TO 1HB New 5 Per Cent. United States Loan Received at our Office, where all information wLl given aa to terms, etc. WEYl. PAINTER & CO. No. 36 S. THIRD Street, m ; PHILADELPHIA, 7 Per Cent. Gold Coupons THE COUPONS OF THE Soabury and Lew'town Ball, road Com jr, FIRST MORTGAGE BONDS, due April 1, will be paid Free of all Taxes, On and after that date, at the Banking Honae of WM. PAINTER & CO., No. 36 SOUTH THIRD STREET. tf PHILADELPHIA. B. K. JAMISON & CO. SUCCESSORS TO P.F.KELLY & CO, BANKERS AND DEALERS Cf Gold, Silver, and Government Bondt At Cloaeat Market Bates, N. W. Cor. THIRD and CHESHUT Stt Special attention given to COMMISSION ORDERS In New York and Philadelphia stock Eoards, etc euj 186 INVESTMENT BONDS PORTAGE LAKE AND LAKE SUPERIOR SHIP CANAL 10a. fcecured by first mortgage on the canal (now completed), and on real estate worth five tunes the amount of the mortgage. KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI, Ids. DOUGLAS COUNTY, NEBRASKA. (Including Omaha), 10s, and other choice Western county and city bonds, yielding good rates of interest. ALLENTOWN C1TT ( A.) BBVSN PES CENT. SCHOOL BONDS, free from taxes under the taws of the Btate, at par and interest. For full particulars app'y to DOWAIXD DlKLI?(UTO?r, I S 8m No. 14T South FOURTH Street. LOOKING OLASSE8. ETC NEW ROGERS CROUP, "RIP VAN WINKLE." NEW CHROMOS. All Chromes sold at ss per cent, below regular rates. All of Prang's, Hoover's, and all others. Send for catalogue Looking-ti lasses, ALL NEW STYLES At the lowest prices. AU of our own manufacture. JAMES 8. CARLE & 80H8. Ko. 61 B CI1E3KTJT BTKEKT. CROOERIE8, ETO. ONDON BROWN 8TOUT AND BCOTCII ALE, La glass and stone, by the cask or dozen. ALBERT O. ROBERTS, Dealer in F,ine Groceries, Corner ELEVENTH and VTNB St WHISKY, WINE. ETO. CARSTAIRS & McCALL, Ho. 128 7ainnt and 21 Granite Eta., IMPORTERS OF Erandiet, Wines, Gin, 011v Oil, Eta, WHOLESALE DEALERS IN PURE RYE WHISKIES, IN BOND AND TAX PAID. ttt i
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers