r - . t t " THE DAILY EVENING TELEGRAPH PHILADELPHIA, MONDAY, NOVEMBER 8, 1869. PEABODY. Ilia Orrmi Benefaction la the Tjomfon Per flaw It Una Ilcen Applied and tbo Haerpaa Mhlrh Una Attended It. Tho recent death of Mr. George Peabody awakens renewed interest in his great beno fftctionR, and wo therefore giro place to the following article descriptive of his munificent benefaction to tho poor of London: Tho early history of tho gift is best de Hcribed by Mr. Teabody himself in tho follow ing letter addressed' to tho United States minister, Lord Stanley, Sir J. Emerson Ten nent (who died a few months ago),' Mr. C. M. Lampson, and Mr. J. 8. Morgan tho gentle men who had kindly consented to act as trus tees to the fund: London, 12th March, 1802. fiKNTLKMEN: In reference to the intention which it is the object of this letter to communi cate, I am desirous to explain that, from a com paratively early period of my commercial lifo, I had resolved in my own ruiiid that, should my labors be blessed with success, 1 would devoto a portion of tho property thus acquired to pro mote tho Intellectual, moral, and physical wel fare and comfort of my fellow-men, wherever, from circumstances or location, their claims upou ino would be the strongest. A kind Providence has continued mo In pros perity, and consequently, in furtherance of my resolution, I, in the year ISM, founded an insti tute and library for the benefit of the people of tho placo of my birth in tho town of Dan vera, in tho State of Massachusetts, tho result of which has proved in every respect most beneficial to tho locality and ratifying to myself. After an absence of twenty years, I visited my native land in 1857, and founded in tho city of Baltimore, in tho State of Maryland (where moro than twenty years of my busiuoss life had boun passed), an institute upon a much more ex tended scale, devoted to science and tho arts, with a free library, coinciding with tho charac ter of tho institution. Tho corner-stone was laid in 1858, and the building is now completed; but its dedication has been postponed in conse quence of tho unhappy sectional differences at present prevailing in tho United States. Jt is now twenty-five years since I commenced my residence and business in London as a 6trangcr; but I did not long feel myself a "stranger." or in a "strange land," for, in all ray commercial and social intercourse with my .British friends during that long period, I have constantly received courtesy, kindness, and con fidence. Under a st'tiso of gratitude for these blessings of a kind Providence, encouraged by early associations, and stimulated by my views as well of duty as of inclination, to follow the path which I had heretofore marked out for my guidance, I have been prompted for several years past repeatedly to state to some of my con fidential friends my intention at no distant period, if my life was spared, to mako a dona tion for the bcuciH of the poor of London. Among those friends are three of the number to whom 1 have now the honor to address this let ter. , To my particular friend, C. M. Lampoon, Ksq., I first mentioned the subject five years ago. My next conversations in relation to it were hold about three vears since with my esteemed friend Sir James Emerson Tcnnent, and with my partner, J. S.JMorgan, Esq. I also availed my self of opportunities to consult tho Right ltev. Bishop Mcllvainc, of Ohio, aud with all tnese gentlemen I have since freely conversed upou the subject in a way to confirm that original in tention. My object being to ameliorate tho condition of the poor and needy of this great metropolis, and to promoto their comfort and happiness, I take pleasure in apprising you that I have de termined to transfer to you the sum of one hun dred and fifty thousand pounds, which now stands available for this purpose on tho books of Messrs. George Poabody & Co., as you will see by tho accompanying correspondence. In committing to you, in full confidence In your judgment, tho administration of this fund, I cannot but feel grateful to you for the onerous duties you have so cheerfully undertaken to perform, and I sincerely hope and trust that the benevolent feelings that have prompted a devo tion of so much of your valuable lime will be appreciated, not only by the present, but future generations of the people of London. I have few instructions, to give or conditions to impose, but there are some fundamental prin ciples from which it is my solemn injunction that those intrusted with its application shall never, under any circumstances, depart: First and foremost among these is the limita tion of its uses absolutely and exclusively to such purposes as may be calculated directly to 'ameliorate tho condition and augment the com forts of the poor, who, cither by birth or esta blished residence, form a recognized portian of the population of London. . Secondly. It is my intention that now and for all time there shall be a rigid exclusion from tho management of this fund of any influences cal culated to impart to it a character either secta rian as regards religion, or exclusive in relation to local or party politics. Third. Iu conformity with the foregoing con ditions, it is my wish and intention that the solo qualifications for a participation in the benefits of this fund, shall be an ascertained and con tinued condition of life such as brings the in dividual within tho description (In- the ordinary sense of the word) of "the poor" of London, combined with moral character aud good cou duet as a member of society. It must, there fore, bo held to be a violation of my intentions if any duly qualified and deserving claimant were to bo excluded either on tho grouudd of religious belief or political bias. Without, in tho remotest degree, desiring to ' limit your discretion in the selection of tho most suitable means of giving effect to these objects, 1 may be permitted to throw out for your con sideration, amongst the other projects which will necessarily occupy your attention, whether It may not be found conducive to tho conditions specified above for their ultimate realization, and least likely to present ililllcultles on the grounds I have pointed out for avoidanco, to apply the fund, or a portion of it. in tho con struction of such improved dwellings for tiio poor as may combine in tho utmost possible degree tho essentials of healthfulucss, comfort, social enjoyment, and economy. Preparatory to due provision being made for the formal declaration of tho trust and tor its future arrangement nud appropriation, tho sum of one hundred and fifty thousaud pounds will to at once transferred Into your names aud placed at your disposal; for which purpose I reserve to myself full power and authority. Hut, as a portion of tho money muy probably not be required for some time to come, to meet tho legitimate purposes contemplated I would sug gest that, as early as possible after tho organiza tion of the trust, one hundred thousand pounds (.100,000) should bo invented, ior the time lK-'ing, in your names in Consols or Eas-t India stock, thus adding to tho capital by means of the' accruing iuicrcol; and the stock so pur chased can bo gradually sold out as tho money is wanted for tho objects designated. .Mean time, ponding the prvpiratiou of a f ormal trust deed, you shall be under no responsibility what ever in respect to the fund, or Us iuvestment or disposition. With these preliminary stipulations, I com mit tho fund to your management and to that of such other persons us by a majority of your voices you may elect, trUing you the power either to add to your number (which I think fchouid not at any time exceed nine), or to sup- i'ly fisuul vacancies occurring iu your body, t is my further desire that the United Slates Minister in Londo.i, for tho time being, slimld always In virtue c f bis oliiee be u member of the Trust, unless in the event of lU signifying his inability to act in discharge f the dulie. I have the honor to he, gentlemen. Yours very faithfully, (Signed) (ii:oit(in Pj:nonv. To His KxtiHency, Charles Frauds Adams, United States .Minister In London. ) The Right Honorable Lord blank', M. I. cir James Kmar-on Tcnnent, K. (,:, f.; LL P., etc., London. Curtin M. I.u:npr;ii, Kmi.. i . Junius K. Moivan, l.j., '-'""l"')- To this letter Mr. Peabody received In a few days the following reply: London, March 15, 1802. Elr: We have to ackntwlcdgo tho receipt of your letter of tho 12th inst., apprising us of your munificent appropriation of 150,000 towards ameliorating the condition of the poor of Lon don, and intimating your wish that we should act in the capacity of trustees for tho application of this fund, on principles which you have indi cated for our guidance. W hether we consider the purity of the motive, tho magnitude of the gift, or the discrimination displayed in selecting the purposes to which it Is to be applied, we cannot but feel that it is for the nation to appreciate, rather thou for a tew individuals to express their gratitude for, an act of beneficence which has few parallels (if any) in modern times. For ourselves, we are deeply conscious of tho honor implied by the conlidenec you have re posed In us, as the administrators and guardians of your bounty; and it only remains for ns to assure you of tho satisfaction with which wo shnll accept this trust, and tho seal with which we shall address ourselves to the discharge of Its duties, so soon as its precise nature is do fined, and the arrangements for its administra tion suflit icntly organized. Ever faithfully yours, Ciiari.es Francis Adams. Stanley. .1. Kmeksox Ten nest. C. M. Lami'son. J. 8. Morgan. To George l'cabody, Esq., London. "Thus generously endowed," says tho re port for 18f.5, "alike with funda and with discretion to choose tho modo of their em ployment, the ilrst care of tho trustees was to obtain a deed so framed as to confer legal powers on those who were to bo intrusted with their administration, and to insure their tradeviating application to tho generous ob jects contemplated by tho giver. But at this stage considerable difficulty was encountered, aribing mainly from tho fact that the largo amount to be expended was not a bequest by will, in which case precedents are sufficiently numerous, but a (lift during the lifetime of me yieer, wincn mcreiore invoivea ma neces sity of inserting provisions to satisfy the re quirements of the mortmain law. "After some delay, a trnst-deod was pre pared, executed, nnd enrolled; aud at tho first meeting under it, which took placo on the 2.'!d of July, 1802, Lord Stanley was elected chairman, and apother of the trustees under took to net as honorary secretary pro lem., thus facilitating a resolution to postpone as long ns possible tho appointment of any sala ried oflicers. "Pursuant to tho terms of tho deed of trust, the main portion of tho fund was in vested at interest in Government stock and other negotiable securities, tbo balance being held in readiness for early expenditure, so soon as a decision could be come to as to tho most advantageous method of employing tho fund in conformity with tho intentions and subject to the conditions laid down by Mr. Peabody." But tne legal difficulty arising from tho fact that the donation was a gift made during tho lifetime of (he giver, was not tho only one which met the trustees at the outset. "By the express terms of the gift, it was directed to bo so applied nsto ameliorate the condition and augment tho comforts of tho well-conducted poor of London;" and "it becatno essential to determine who aro tho poor of London in the eye of tho law." Many people will at tin:tbe surprised that aDy difficulty should be experienced in ascer. taining what class of people is denoted by tho expression "tho poor." But class-distinctions among men, liko clans-distinctions throughout the organic nnd iuorgauio world, instead of being separated by clearly-delined Hues of demarcation, nm into one another; aud even legal authorities are sometimes soroly puzzled in deciding whether a certain individual bo longs to one or tho other of two contiguous social grades. Tho unsettled nature of publio opinion on this point has been well exempli fied by the complaints and criticisms that have from time to time appeared in tho London daily press, to tho effect that tho benefits of tho Peabody Fund were reaped by a more well-to-do class of people than those characterized by the donor as tho "poor of London." "It has hitherto been held," says tho report already referred to, "under tho authority of judicial decisions, that, in tho absence of any governing or qualifying expressions, a gift or bequest to 'tho poor' of any placo iB applica ble exclusively to persons not receiving paro chial support; and this, on tho principle that to relieve thoso already chargoablo on the parish or the union, inasmuch ns it would contribute to tho reduction of the rates, would virtually bo conferring a beueiit on tho property rather than on the poverty of the locality. "Later decisions have somewhat modified this law; tho rigidity of tho law would now bo more or less tempered to adapt it to tho ascertained wishes of the donor; and tho mere fact of the receipt of alms would not perhaps of itself suffice to disqualify an in digent family for receiving additional com forts from the donations or bequests of benevolent men like Mr. Peabody." Be this as it may, tho trustees decided "to confine their attention, in tho first instance, to that section of tho laboring poor who occupy a position above the pauper." Tho wisdom of this decision few will call in ques tion, except that still too numerous class of peoplo who think tho bestowment of alius on thoso who will rather beg than work, and whose indolence, imprudence, or intempe rance prevents them from ever rising above their present position, or deriving any per manent advantago from the prof uso charities of a well-meaning but short-sighted public, is more commendable than to assist Tho hon est, hard-working laborer who, notwithstand ing all that industry and strict oconomy cau aocomplish, is often sorely pressed to provide for those dependent on him. "Public attention throughout tho United Kingdom hnving been attracted by tho large ness of Mr. Peubody's bounty, communica tions were received from numerous quarters suggesting benevolent plans for adoption. Many of these were iu themselves highly desi rable, but the mnjoiity involved arrangements more or less at vuiiimco with" Mv. Peubody's injunctions and tho provisions of tho deed of trust. For example, institutions connocted with religious-bodies were expressly excluded, and educational establishments, as ordinarily organized, scrc open to tho saiuo objection, inasmuch ns they are niuio or less deponJont for their eucccss upon denominational favor. "Hospital);, both for acute aud chronic dis ease, pieseuted strong claims; but on ouo, ainoiight other grounds, their consideration as deferred. Mr. Peabody, in his commu nication to tho trustees, had not specially di rected that the fund should be so employed as to render it reproductive; but that p.issago in his letter n which he expressed, his hope 'that not tho present only, but, future genera tions of tho peoplo of London,' would appre ciate its udvuutages, was felt to bo entitled to the widest construction of which it was sus ceptible; aud it appears to point to a mode of invibtiut'iit such us, while administering to the iiiinu il.ii.le enjoyments of the Laboring poor of London, would iilso bear within itself the genu of 1 lit ure extension and perpetuity. This result did not seem to be attainable in the case of hospitals, which would absorb without returning any portion of the fund. Tho same remark, applies to almshouses and dwellings for the reception and support of tho abso lutely destitute, whose subsistence would ne cessarily bA perpetual charge, without pre senting tbe slightest. element of solf-snpport; and attention was thus forcibly directed to the object dictated by Mr. Teabody himself, of erecting dwellings for tho laboring poor on nnch improved principles as to conduce at once to economy, salubrity, and social enjoy ment. This mode of employing the fund has also the recommendation that tho low rents at which this healthful accommodation could be given would annually supplement the ori ginal fund, and thus create a source whence similar advantages might continue to be de rived for an almost indefinite period. "In posfpening other projects, such as those above already alluded to, it is not to bo supposed that the trustees ignore their valuo or question their importance; but a concur rence of circumstances, at tho moment, com. Lined to give pre-eminence to the one" just referred to. "In the poorer districts of Lon don, tho dwellings of tho poorer classes had been suddenly disturbed by tho long-pent-up invasion of metropolitan railroads, whose in cursions were overthrowing whole streets in habited by humble and industrious laborers and artisans. Tbe dispossessed population, un provided with adequate accommodation elso where, were thus driven away into alleys and conrts, already inconveniently crowded by their previous inmates; and disoomfort and disenso were in many instances added to loss of employment and expense. 'Even in our crowded and deplora ble districts,' says a gentleman, writing in 18(1.1, "such ns tho streets and alloys running out of Pnury Lane, and in the region of the Seven Dials, apartments are not to be had; and the rents in some neighborhoods have been raised fifty per cent.' " .Small tencmonts were not regarded as an eligible property, and the construction of them did not invito the enterpriso of ordinary capitalists. Tho con sequence was that, poverty npart, a workman had great difficulty in obtaining decent lodg ings, even with tho means of paying for them in his pocket. How extreme was tho distress may bo inferred from the fact that, besides Mr. Peubody's scheme, somo seven or eight large organizations (differing f rom tho former, however, in being purely commercial transac tions) Lave bten devised, and aro now in operation for building improved dwellings for the working classes. Taking those peculiar circumstances into account, few will hesitato to admit that Mr. Peabody's trustees reasoned wisely when they canio to the resolution, "without precluding the consideration of other subjects hereafter, to confine their operations for the present to the object specially recommended to their notice by Mr. Peabody, viz., the improve ment of dwellings for the poor of tho me tropolis." "Enabled by this decision to proceed promptly with the business of tho trust, tho next inquiries of the trustees were directed to tho (system and stylo of buildings most conducive to tho objects in view, and to the acquisition of sites in districts of the city most suitable for their erection; these sites to be'distributed throughout tho various quar ters of London in order to diffuse tho bene fits of Mr. Peabody's gift over tho largest possible area. "Tho first site chosen was in Commercial street, Spitalfields, Hear tho terminus of tho Eastern Counties ltailway, whoro a spaco equal to lo,CS2 square feet was obtained from tho Commistioners of Publio Works for fo.'lOO. For a further expenditure, something under .24, 000 for buildings, accommodation was obtained for upward of 200 persons in tenements of one, two, or three apartments encb, according to the requirements of the levernl occupants. The latter sum included also the cost of erecting nine shops on the ground floor, the rents of which, amounting to nearly ATiOO per annum, go to increase the general fund, and thus contribute to tho re productive character which it is the desire of the trustees to impart to it. "Before tho dwellings at Spitalfiolds wero completed, the trustees were enabled to pos sess themselves of other sites in districts similarly claiming attention. At Chelsea a plot, containing 13,(110 square foot, was ob tainod for Wll 18s. Cd.; for another, at Bennondsey, with an area of 27,880 square feet, they gave 4870 7s. M.; a fourth at Islington, measuring 47,8(;5 square feet, cost X8G40 is. 0d.; and for 4;50O a fifth was ac quired at Shadwell, the extent of which is over 7;,i,8i)0 square feet." While the houses at Commercial stroot wore still in progress, tho trustees commenced, on their premises at Islington, tho erection of four blocks of buildings, to comprise in all l."5 tenements, containing, as at Spitalfields, one, two, or three rooms each, and furnishing ample accommodation for upwards of 050 persons. The whole cost of these buildings, inclusive of the sum paid for the land, amounted to X40,o'J7 2s. Id. Before the square at Islington was finished, tho trustees entered into a contract for tho sum of i.';J 7, !)";! to build on a similar scalo on their property at Shadwell. On the 29th of February, 18(14, tho first pilo of buildings erected iu Commercial street, Kpitalfields, was thrown open to receivo its inmates, and the number of applicants was, and continues to be, considerably in excess of tho accommodation available. Tho number of persons who took possession of their now homes was upwnrd of two hundred. We give nn illustration of the buildings at Islington, which were opened in September, 18C.". They have been erected on tho site of a pile of buildings known ns Ward's place, Ebsex road, formerly inhabited by a dense population of tho worst character in tho metropolis, who herded together with little or no attention to morality or decency. What a contrast to tho healthy, tidy, respectable, and industrious peoplo who now, through Mr. Peabody's bounty, inhabit tho same spot. The entire community, at tho closo of tho yenr lhOo, consisted of 074 individuals, of whom 1!) wore widows, tho rest married par sons and children. At Shadwell, tho four ranges of buildings forming Peubody Kqiinie, and containing 1!)" tenements, wero complete I and reidy for oc cupation at tho dose of tho year lSOC; but owing to the depression of business, au 1 tht consequent suspension of employment in tli.it part of 'London, they wero nomovhat slow ia filling. At tho conimenoeinf ut of the year lf-07, tho number if families resident was 17.".. During Inst year a fourth range of buildings, forming what is row known ns Peabody Square, was erected in Victoria street, Wost l.inster. Tlicy were completed at tho end of December, and contain .215 rooms, fully occupied by ;if! individuals. Thoro is at present a largo list of applications for future vacancies. All tbo buildings aro substantially con structed of brick. They consist of four de tached bh ekitof houses, fivostorios in height, which are let out in "cnomerrta of one, two, aud three roums. In tho buildings at Westwiu- uter, the square consists of only three blocks, with one open side, while in those at Shadwell each block is six instead of five stories in height. The buildings at Spitalfields also jye sent a somewhat different arrangement. Each block is surmounted by handsome orna mental turret. The tipper story or attio is appropriated to the laundry, wash-houses, and bath a bath-room, and a cistern capable of containing nearly 2000 gallons of water, being placed at each end of this spaoious and well-ventilated drying-loft. The prin ciple and organization in each of these extensive structures are essentially the same: the only differences consist in such improvements in matters of detail as expe rience enabled the trustees to introduoe into the more rocontly-crected buildings. To each block there is but one entrance, which is placed in tbe centre of its length, and on the sido looking into the interior of the square. The living rooms on each story are approached from a corridor, whioh runs along the middle from one end of the building to the other, and is lighted at each end, a well as thoroughly ventilated, by the wide, centrally-situated staircase, which is unenclosed on the outer Ride except by an iron railing. The lavatories, sinks, and other such offices, are placed at each end of the corridor, npart from tho main building. Drainage and ven tilation have boen insured with the utmost possible care; the instant removal of dust and refuse is effected by means of shafts which descend from every corridor to cellars in the basement, which cellars are accessible, for tho purpose of carting away their con tents, only from the outside of tho square. The passages are all kept clean nnd lighted with gas. without any cost to tho tenants; water from cisterns in tho roof is distributed by pipes into every tenement; and tho baths are free for all who desire to use them. Laun dries, with wringing-machinos and drying lofts, aro at the service of every inmate, who is thus relieved from tho inconvenience of damp vnpors in the apartments, nnd the con sequent drtmnge of furniture and bedding. The rooms are each of them about nine feet wide nnd twelve feet long, and of a suitable height. Every living-room or kitchen is abun dantly provided with cupboards, shelving, and other conveniences, and each fireplace in cludes a boiler and an oven. But, continues the secretary in his report, what gratifies the tenants, perhaps more than any other of the arrangements, are the ample and airy spaces which serve as play-grounds for their chil dren, where they aro always under their mothers' eyes, and safe from the risk of pass ing carriages and laden carts. The cost of the general management of the fund is kept as low as possible. From tho commencement, in 18(2, to the closo of tho year 1805, it had amounted in all to only 517 10s. When they had advanced so far as to have a number of dwellings ready for occu pation, etc., the trustees found it necessary to employ a secretary to supervise the general affairs of the scheme, and conduct the pre liminary inquiries as to tho eligibility of those applying for accommodation. A superin tendent also resides upon each group of buildings for the purpose of collecting the rents, etc. Still, the working expenses, in cluding salaries, printing, stationery, etc., are far froia great, amounting in 1800 to 1)17 lis.; in 18G7 to 208 15s. 4d.; and in 1808 to 271 10s. Od. So that the goneral manage ment of this vast scheme, from its commence ment in 1802 to the close of last year, has not cost more than 1375 (s. lOd. The accounts show that, at the closo of the year 1805, 85,277 15s. 7d. had boon expended on land, buildings, etc. considerably more than one-half the original fund. At the end of the following year the total expenditure had amounted to 118,118 13s. 2d.; on 31st December, 1807, this had reached 125,35(5 2s. 10d.; and when the accounts were made up at the close of last year, the total expen diture from the beginning was shown to bo 152,031 8s. 4d 2031 8s. 4d. more than the original fund; while 20,082 0s. lid. still re mained at the disposal of the trustees. So that, up to 31st December, 1808, the original fund had increased by. 23,313 !)s. 3d.; 15,750 7s. 9d. of this sum being due to in terest earned, and 7557 Is. !d. accruing from rents; thus fulfilling, to some measure, the generous donor's wish that the fund should be reproductive and perpetual. In the early part of tho year 18(54, when the buildings at Spitallields wero opened, np wards of 200 persons wero provided with house accommodation. By the end of 18(55 the buildings at Islington were occupied by a population of 074; making altogether nearly 100 persons furnished with comfortable dwell ings in about three and a halfyears after Mr. Peabody. had announced his gift. At the close of 180(5 the total number provided for was 1583, which was increased to 1!)71 by the completion of the buildings at AVestminster last December. With referenco to the question specially disputed in England the class of persons by whom the advantages are enjoyed something has already been said. As is well known, the buildings were claimed as almshouses for the destitute, nnd tho trustees were accused of letting them, in opposition to tho intentions of the donor, to people who were neither help less nor necessitous. One is curious to learn how such accusers oamo to know, better than his trustees, tho intentions of Mr, Teabody: and what ground they have for supposing that Mr. Peabody meant to pauperize tho popula tion of London, by supplying them with gratuitous lodgings. Tho earlier statements of tho trustees sufficiently show that the benefits of the donation aro not reaped by a more well-to-do class than was intended. But, if any doubt on this point still lingers in the minds of some, it will surely be dispelled by tho recently published lteport for lasfryoar. "Tho total population," says the lteport, "of all tho buildings now completed by tho trustees, is 1 1 7 1 . Theso composo the familios of workingmen, the nature of whoso employ ments is ns follows:" linkers Heaillc of a n.arkel lielt-niuker . Hoiler-inuKcrs lilacksmitlis lircwer liiewers' lrayinun.... In ick layers ilniHli-iiiiiter. Cal-0rlveis , Cantlle-nuiker , Caiinen urpi liters ('linnvi)ineti t-'ommihsleimairt s. ( '()lll)Uhl'.01S Cook , Coopers Cork-cut te.iK Draymen Un sumikcrs and Nee (llewonieli KnuiiiiMlitvtrs Kiijrii.e-t uiiu-ra French piilisliur (Jus-uictcr-iuaker. i la hs-c lit tern Kurnrsg-umker T Letter-carriers. 1 Machinist 1 Mariners 8- Jlasoiis Messengers 1 ! Milk-eurner 2 Millwright . U; Painters IM'.uk-kuupers 8 number 1 l'olicemeil. , lis l'orters 1 Hecruitlng-sergeauts. 2'i lllggnrs a lti)io-iicikera 0 Hull-makers 1 Khlp-kcepers 5 tSlilp-seniper SIlipwi'lKlltS. 3 Nile-makers Siliouuien IS Stiiyniaker i Stevedores , 3 Tailors I iTiile-waltera I I Timekeepers '2 Tinplatu-worker lil'mtirclla-tiiakur. Joiners lliireiH Laundresses l.Vlikili.tn . a l;iiliolsterer .18a Watchmakers . 2 Watchmen . alWhiuow-bllud-nittker. Tho average wages earned by theso work ing men nre rather under twonty-ono shillings a week. A few earn something more, and inniiy less, according to tho nature and per manence of their employment. And it Is worthy of note that 132 heads of families are set down as actual laborer. Respecting the salubrity f. the dwellings the successive reports speak very encourag ingly. Coming to the report for 180(5, when the number of tenants, and the duration of their occupancy, had reached a stage at whioh conclusions of some value could be drawn, we read: "The sanitary condition of the build ings continues highly satisfactory. During the recent unhealthy season, when cholera and other prevalent diseases infested the vicinity of the buildings, both at Spitalflelda and Islington, one case of cholera in4 the former only occurred, and its con traction and fatal determination were mainly . ascribable to imprudence and neglect on the part of the patient. In cluding this case, the whole number of adult deaths has been but seven in a population of nearly nine hundred. Of those, three died of consumption, and two from old age and gone ral infirmity. The mortality among children has unfortunately been greater, amounting to twenty-three; but nearly all these deaths oc curred among families nerly admitted, and most of which had previously resided in crowded and unhealthy localities." Subse quent annual statements are equally gratify ing. There is "an entire exemption from endemic diseases, and from those complaints incident to low and crowded localities." No less pleasing is the account given of the contentment, moral conduct, and orderly habits of the tenants. Speaking in Decem ber, 1805 nearly two years after tho first of the buildings had been opened the secretary Bays: "Habitual drunkenness is unknown, and intoxication nnfrequent, and whero the latter does occur to the annoyance of othors it is judicionsly dealt with, by giving notice to the offender that, in the event of its re currence, he must prepare to loave. There hns been one person removed for quarrelling and disturbing the peace; and one expelled for non-payment of rent. Those exceptions, out of a community consisting of 880 persons, ppeakly strongly for tho self-respect and moral principles by which they are influ enced. Again, in the report published two years Inter, we read that, "indepen dently of the direct economic advan tages derivable from the application of Mr. Peabody's bounty, satisfactory evidence of its social effects becomes every day more apparent in the peaceful deportment of the tenants, the improved order within their apartments, and the disappearance of excess of all kinds. The healthy aspect of the children, the neatness and tidiness of their dress, and their inoffensive happiness of play in tho ample and secluded grounds, secure from evil street-intercourse, abundantly justify the belief that a beneficial iniluenoo is being exerted over the future of the working-classes by the signal improvement thus introduced into thoir dwellings and domestic habits." "The great privileges they now enjoy," says tho Secretary, in his latest state ment, "have already produced a salutary effect, not only amongst tho young, but per ceptibly in the increased tidiness aud cleanli ness of the old." We have now traced the progress of Mr. Peabody's munificent gift of 150,000, from its announcement in 1802 down to the pre sent time; and, in doing so, we have avoided any reference to his subsequent donations for the same benevolent purposes. Our reason for this reticence is, that wo wish it to be clearly understood that all the results up to this time achieved by the trustees, and which it has been the aim of the foregoing pages to communicate, have been effocted solely by means of tho first donation of 150,000. As is well known, Mr. Peabody has given the world fresh cause for admiration and sur prise by two additional benefactions of 100,000 each; the one" announced in Janu ary, 1800; the other in December, 1808; and both together forming what is called the "Second Trust." In the letter in which the donor mado known to his trustees his inten tions regarding tho first instalment of this Second Trust, he says: "With regard to this my second gift,, it is my desiro that in the appointment of future trustees the same rules may be continued as adopted for tho first; and that tho United states Minister at tho Court of St. James for tho time being shall always be ono of them. "As your course with regard to the former gift of 150,000 is already defined in your trust deed, I can only express my own views and wishes regarding the appropriation of tho prin cipal and income of this second donation, and leave to yourselves and your successors to man age it accordingly. "You aro fully authorized to uso any portion of the fund in building lodging houses for labor ing poor, as expressed in my former letter; but, as before many years it is to bo apprehended that desirable sites for such buildings may bo difficult to obtain at moderate prices within tho limits of the metropolis, in that event, it is my desire that my trustees for the timo being may seek out and secure, at Buck rates as the state of the fund may warrant, such freehold sites, within ten miles of the present Royal Exchange, as nay appear eligible, both on account of salu brity of position aud proximity to tho great centres of labor and railroad accommodation, due regard being had to the probablo burden of taxation. It may also bo desirable to obtain from railroad companies tho most economical arrangements procurable for tho conveyance of working-people at stated hours to and from Lon doq at such moderate fares as will como within their means. "Comfortable and convenient houses are to be erected upon "thoso 6itea for tho exclusive ac commodation of the honest and industrious poor of London, under such regulations and on such terms and conditions as my trustees may direct, subject only to tho guiding principles laid down in respect to my former donation. "As dwellings in such sites may in somo in stances bo remote from schools and other facili ties for Instruction, tho trustees shall bo at liberty iu such cases, 6hould they consider It needful, to set apart space, adjacent to tho building and suitable for school-houses, for tho children of tho families holdiujj- tenements. Hut such schools must bo so orgui.od as carefully to cxcludo sectarian influences, aud so conducted as to avoid denominational jealousy. With this view it Is my desire that the course of education shall be exclusively of an elementary and lite rary character. . 'I would also suggest to my trustee? that, for the rneutal improvement of tho inmates, tho 6ehool-rooni8 might, if they think desirable, bo open feme hours during the evening; and that books, periodicals, aud newspapers bo provided for those who choose to attend, and that at cer tain seasons popular and scientific lectures milit be introduced at a charge, if any, merely sulljei cieiit to defray necessary expenses. "As some of these dwellings will probably bo at Inconvenient distances from good markets, I would also suggest to my trustees to consider tho propriety, in locallties'whcr'o It may eeem to be required, of providing within tho buildings, or near to them, apartments In which tho ten ants may organise co-operatlvo stores for sup plving themselves with coal and other necessary articles for their own consumption, subject to such regulations as. in tho judgment of my trus tees may bo needful. In conclusion, looking to tho object of this donation and to tho largo development la coming years of an arrangement designed to promoto the physical, moral, and social welfare of tho deserving poor of the metropolis, I entertain a stroiig.aii(l earnest hope that tho project will so commend itself to tho sympathies aud judgment of the inhabitants of London ns to Insure ou their part that interest and co-operation which will secure to future jrcneratlons of the poor those comforts which, w ith the blessing of Pro vidence, it Is my object to bestow upon thera., Toward the close of last year Mr. Teabody intimated to his trustees his intention of In creasing this second trust by an additional 100,000. As already slated, tip to the end of last year nothing had yet been done with the 200,000 constituting the seoond trust. , IMIPPINQ. 1 t '.fmtl?1" appoints tOHllM lot. BY Tim mait!8 OF PAR8AOR VTTH-? i VPJ-0ld- Prhl in tJnrr.no. To Paris. . . . Iia J? J,"""100 l SiS- ;vEr -w It alii i vk, , ii. i Pawwnirera forwarded HaVrL H?mi m?S ," to. at reduced rate. UamUun, Bremen, Tickote can be bought here at moSi- . one wiahlD to .end fSr thoir friend b TOHMMa'i'S'T"0; f P'" the Ornnnany. Offloe , Wo. JU OH KKN UT SPh'lShlL The eplendid new veeeeta on thle favorita mnt fa. th 1- o.d (indndinS? fTaSSAGB Kurt Cabin ...$!) Heoond Cabin M TO PAULS ' . (Tnolndini railway ticket, furnished on board. VhJ!i i .$U IHeoond Cabin. .Z...t These steamers do not earn steers pmmtmtmi Medical attendance free of oharneT l?.I.c.?, tTel'er"jF"nittoorreturnlnf from theoo f.Koroe. r tkln; the steamers of tbislineaS anneoessaiT risks from transit b Knclish nllwue arS orns,n the hannel, bestdee aaTin th'e, troub ?Xu pens 6KOKGK .MaVkh.3z3 fteSt? la7 " Wa. 830 OHKBWUT Street. 8.C, aa. Ciriit TUB SOUTH. AND SOUTHWEST. ITAST FREIGHT X-JNI EVERY THURSDAY. The Steamships PROMETHEUS, Cnptaln Gray, and rT,?'-AyERMANJ Carte,l Hinckley, ' WILL FORM A RKGULAlt WEEKLY XINE. m,Lh,t,5teftn""llP PKOMETHEUS will sail on THURSDAY, November 4, at 4 P.M. 0n a Through buiB of lading given in connection wlta S. C. R. K. to points In the South and 8outhwest insurance at lowest rates. Rates or freight aa low "rf wvuw UUrt. ui AlCIKUU, OPpiJ tO 13. A C ' !22tf WUUKK CO. DOCK STREET WHARF, LORILLAKD'S STEAMSHIP LINE FOR NEW YORIf- SaiUng on Tuesdays, Thnrsdays, and Saturday. REDUCTION OF RATES. Freight by this line taken at 12 oenta par 100 ponnda, cents per foot, or 1 cent per gallon, ship's option. A6 ranee charges cashed at office on Pier. Fwighl reoaiwari at all times on covered wharf. JOHN F. OHX, B8$ Pior IS North Wharves, B. N. Fitra rates on small packages Iron, metal, eta r. PHILADELPHIA, RICHMOND. ff55;AN1, NORFOLK 8TKAMSHIP LUs , KVKRY SATURDAY. B Atnoon, from FIRST WUAKlf aboTO MARKS! TH ROUGH RATES to all points In North and Soot Carolina, via BeaboaM Air Line Railroad, connectinc at Portsmouth and to Lnohburg, Va Tennessee, and thj The regularity, aafety, and oheapness of this ronta oorai mend it to the publio as the moat desirable faodium carrying every description of freight. No charge for commission, draj&ge, or any siDonse transfer. (Steamships Insured at the lowest rates. Freight received daily. WILLIAM P. OLYDR OO.. No. 13 8. WHARVES and Pior 1 N. WHARVKSL W. P. PORTKR. Agent at Kiohmond and City PointT T. P. CROWKLL A CO., Agents at Norfolk. 615 NOTICE FOR NEW YORK, VIA DELAWARE AND RARITAN CANAL EXPRESS STEAMBOAT (,'HMPJKV lUe UHKAPKfiT AND UUICKRST nmtnr ,.,,,7i.. tion between Philadelphia and Now York. bteamers leave daily from first wharf below Market Street, Philadelphia, nnd foot of Wall street. New York Goods forwarded by all the lines running nut of New York, North. East, end West, free of commission. Freight received and forwarded on accommodating tonus. , WILLIAM P. CLYDE A CO., Agents, No. 12 8. DELAWARE Avenue, Philadelphia. .JAMES HAND, Agent, 6 3 No. 119 WALL Street, New York. w NEW EXPRESS LINE TO "7 AlATAnrirl. OflnnTatiivn mnA XV .!,!.. .. r. C via Cbesnueake and Delaware (Uni.1. with onneutions at Alexandria from the most direct route for Iancliburg, Bristol, Knoxvllle, Maahviiie, Dalton, and the Southwest. Steamers leave regularly every Saturday at noon from the first wharf above Murket street. Freight received doily. WILLIAM P. CLYDE A CO., No. 14 North and South wharves. HYDE A TYLER. Agents, at Georgetown: M. ELDK1DCE A CO., Agents at Alexandria. jl j NOTICE. FOR NEW YORK, VTA Dolaware and Raritan Canal, KWI ETSURH! TRANSPORTATION COMVA N V I.h A'ICH AND SW1FT8URE LINE. '1 be kusineHs of these lines will be resumed on and after the hth of March. For freights, which will be taken on accommodating tonus, apply to W. M. RAIRD A CO.. i 2 No. 182 South Wharves: GHOOERIES -AND PROVISIONS. g HOT WELL BWEET O ID Kit. Our usual supply of this CELEBRATED CIDER " just received. ALBERT C. ROBERTS, Dealer In Fine Groceries, ; II 76 Corner ELEVENTH and VINE Streets. jyjIOHAKL MKAGUJSll fe OO. No. S23 Soutn SIXTEENTH Street, Wholesale and Retail Dealers In PROVISIONS, OYSTERS, AND SAND CLAMS, FOR FAMILY US1 TERRAPINS ll PER DOZEN. Bit PERSONAL. CAUTION! REMOVAL. PONNKI.LY'M OLD ESTABLISHED. I' IK H.N IX MONK V I.i I A 1M I II.';.' 11 !!,' removed from No. tod KUUTI1 Street., oornerof RONALD. hON, to his rew and largo butldiug No. l-CU SOUTH Hroct, abovo Itroarf. Entrance to private .Mice at door of ou DO LE ritroot. in the rtiar. ulium iln.r it amnio accommodation lor tt e cure ami ntorauo of imodn. Ill 30 I in VIJNCKNT P. HONNEI.LY Krt.knr No. U;i3 SOUTH Htroit. -UTICK-INTEKNAL It kTiaNUK- Tho undersigned will sell at publio iwilo on THlins. DAY. November 11. lMi.Hat 11 ( Vloek A M at N.," CUtMAN Street, the following distUlsri alp ati.nd Bpl'urtenances, vis. "h"uii One Strain engine and Boilers, Masli Tuba, Cornier I limps, I'lutlurin hcalos, etc. vojor 'I he said art ieles are B.iir.i.d and distrainor! vrpon fornon. Moment of taws, etc., due U. S. Internal Hovmiue iioo, i JAMKSN. KKHNS, J,',8 PJyJttimoctofcM-Bt. Uiatrict. ALKXANDKK . CATTKL L&Tw? PKODVUK COMMISSION WKRtJUANTrL No. IS SiORTil WUAKVKH -an No. 87 NORTH WATFR STRKKT PHII ADKLPUIA ' ra Alr.XM!B (J CAVIKLU KIJJ13 OAnsLfa iiiuni-y win iu loaiieii as usual on uiainnnds. Watches .lewelry, Hlveruuro, liry tiyode, Clothing, lieds, lieddiiig' CurpoU, l'uriiiii:in, 1'icturos, Palutinga, tiuns, PuUiIh llii.icul IiiHtruiut uts, and goods of evry deHoniitiouand' Vului. hcuurs Huten tor tint IfHi'iiin. rf v . ..i...
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers