TBS BEDFORD GAZETTE is PUBLIStISD EVERY FRIDAY MOBMNO BY B. F.'MRYERS, jit the followipg terms, to wit-. $2 00 per unura, if paid within the yi>ar. $2.50 " " if tint paid within the year. IX7"No subscription taken tor less than six months paper discontinued until all arrearages are paid, unless at the option of the publisher. Jt has been decided by the Doited States Courts tbat the stoppage of a newspaper without the payment of arrearages, is prima facie evidence oi fraud and as a criminal offence. IQrThe courts have decided that persons are ac" countable for the subscription price of newspapers, if they take them from the post office, whether they subscribe for them, or not. Professional Carts. New Banking Mouses & i U*, sive opened a BaSik of Discount and Deposit, in | Bedfoid, Pa. Money lent and taken on deposit, and collections made on moderate terms. Tbey alio have lands in Jowa, Mirnevota, Wiscon sin. Missouri and Nebraska, for sale or trade. Bedford, Oct. 30, 1863 —If. J.ALSiP &TON, Auctioneers & Commission Merchants, BEDFORD, PA.. Respectfully solicit consignments of Bouts and "Shoes, Dry Goods, Groceries, Clothing, andnii kinds ■of Merchandise for AUCTION and PRtVAIE Sale, REFERENCES. PmT.ADKf.rHIA, BRDFOED, Philip Ford 8c Co., Hon. Job Mavin, Boyd 8c Hough, - Hon. W. T. Da.igliorty, Armor Young 8c Bros., B. F. Meyers. January 1, 1801—tt. U . II ■ AKEIt S , JITTOIiXEY JIT LAW, Bedford, Pa. Will promptly attend to all business' entrusted to hit rare. Military claims speedily collected. Office on Juliana street, opposite the po,t-o!Tice. Bedford, September 11, 1863. F. M. KIMMSLL. L W. LING'KNKELTEE, KIBiMELL & HffIGEfa'FELTER, ATTORNEYS AT LAW, BEDFORD, PA- tormed a partnership in the practice of the Law. Office on Juliana street, two doors South of the "Mengel House," JOB MANN. • H.-SPANG. MASS & SPANG. ATTORNEYS AT LAW, BEDFORD, PA- The undersigned haw associated themselves in the Practice ot the Law, and will attend promptly to al. husmess entrusted to their caie in Bedford and adjoining counties. on luhana Street, three doors south a>f the "Mangel House," opposite the residence of Mai. Tate. Bedford, Aug. 1, 1861. JOHN P. REED, ATTORNEY AT LAW, BEDFORD, PA., Re.ip't fully tenders his services to the Public. second door North of the Mengel House. Bedford, Avg, 1, 1801. JOHN PALMER. * ATTORNEY AT LAW, BEDFORD, PA. [jy Will promptly attend to all business entrus ted to his rare. Office on Julianna Street, (near ly opposite the Jiengel House.) Bedford, Aug. 1, ISttl. A. B. COFFROTH, ATTORNEY AT LAW, Somerset, Pa Will hereafter practice regularly in the severa Courts of Bedford county. Business entrusted to bis care wilt be faithfully nttended to. December 6, ISUI. BA3I 6 K L KETTERMAN, BEDFORD, PA., BT"Would hereby notify the citizens of Bedford county, that he has moved ro the Borough of Bed foid, where he may at all times be found h- persons wishing to see him, unless absent upon business pertaining to hi 3 office. Bedford, Aug. 1,1801. Jacob Rred, -LJ. Schkix, REED AND SCHELL. BANKERS & DEALERS IN EXCHANGE, BEDFORD, PENN'A. bought and sold, collections made and money promptly remitted. Deposits solicited. gT. CHARLES HOTEL, CORNER OF WOOD t ND THIRD STREETS PITTSBURGH, PA HARRY SHIRLS Proprietor. April 13 1861. TEACHER WANTED. A competent teacher wanted to teach (be school at Buena YiMu, Juniata township.— Early application desired. GEORGE GARDILL, Scc'ry. Board of Directors of Juniata tp. RICISAIHUiLD. MANUFACTURER OF ' CABINET-WARE, CHAIRS, &C., BEDFORD, PA. The undersigned being engaged in the Cabinet nakii.g Business, will mak., lo order and keep on band every thing injus line of manufacture. BUREAUS, DRESSING STANDS, PAR LOR AND EXTENSION TABLES, CHAIRS, BEDSTEADS, WASH STANDS, SrC., fIC. will be furnished at all prices, and to suit every taate. COFFINS will also be made to order. attention paid to ail holers for work. •.•Shop one door east of the residence of J. M. Russell, Esq., South side of the Public Square. RICHARD LEO. July 10, 1603.—tf lraalOwi9.7 Wholesale Grocers* 407 NORTH THIRD STREET, - ABOVR CAU.OWHIM., PHILADELPHIA. JlfdrM 7, 1863—1y. A. A. SHUMWAY & CO., Manufacturan and Whotaaala DeaUrt we Isodts &■ Shoes, Ho. 321 Market Street, and 213 Church Alley, PHILADELPHIA March 7,1863 ly. . Just Received A full Supply of Groceries. J. M. SHOEMAKER'S. August 14 the 1803 VOLVJ9I£ so. NEW SERIES. Jpl)ilat)Elpi)ia 2*l titcrtiscmcuts. VAX CAMP BUSU. WM. WfTiI.RY KURTZ • ' BUSII & KURTZ, (Formerly DUNN, RAIOUEI. & Co.) IMPORTERS AND JOBBERS IN iati cij D r Q <£>o o'b 9 , No. 137 North Third Street, PHILADELPHIA. Cloths, Cassimcres and Vestings, Silks and : Dress Goods, Linens and White Goods, Laces j and Embroideries, Shawls, Ribbons and Trim- j nfings, Hosiery, Gloves and Notions. ALSO —Bleached Shirtings, Colored Cambrics j Flannels,. Jeans, Ginghams, <xe. March 6, 1803.—1y j HOWARD ASSOCIATION, PHILADELPHIA, I Pa., Dieses' of System, fipermator- j rhara or Seminal Weakness, Impotence, and othei affections of the Sex tal O gans, I'nyiiral Debility j and Premature Decay—new and reliable treatment, i in reports of the Howard Association, ee.it hy mail j in sealed ieUci envelope", free ~f charge. Address,' Dr. J. SKILIIN HOUGH t'ON, HOWAHD ASSOCIATION, No. 2 South Ninth Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Marcu ti, 18Gii—ly GILLETTE & SCOTT, AUCTIONEERS a™ (hcinmission ftlcnljants, Jaync's Marble Building, 616 Chestnut St., fr 616 Jay,le St. PHILADELPHIA. JNO. E. GILLETTE. B. SCOTT, Jr.. Apr. 17, 1808—ly. ~C. D. M'CLEES & CO." Wholesale Dealers in BOOTS, SHOES, BMGAKS. AND INDIA RUBBER SHOES,' NO 133 NORTH THIRD STREET orrosiTE CHERRY sr., PHILADELPHIA. Apr. 17, 1863—1 y. ~ ' DR. TAYLOR, WM. K. HEMPHILL, Taylor 4s Hemphill, WHOLESALE DEALERS IN MANUFACTURED TOBACCO. FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC SEGARS, 220 Market Street, South side, between 2d and 3d, PHILADELPHIA. . March 6, 18C3—ly. MILTON cooruH, war. M. PARHAM, ROBT. D. WORK. COOPER, PMBiMW.OBK, MANUFACTURERS AS D JOBBERS OF . HATS, CAPS, FURS AND STRAW GOODS, No. 51 North Third Street, BBTWEEN MARKET AN" AKCII, March 6, 18S3—ly PHILADELPHIA. MARTIN nOEKLER. ) ( OEO. BONHRIGHT It. H. HOWARD. ) {O. V. BDEJ6EROTT BUEHLER. HOW.D & CO Importers and Dealers in Fore : gn ar d Domestic 21N© <£HS£<SRt!. No. 441 Market St., below Fifth, PHILADELPHIA, March C, IS63—ly. NEWLIN, FERNLEV & COT~ HARDWARE JOBBERS AND IMPORTING MERCHANTS, No. 337 Market Street, PHILADELPHIA, Dealers in Butcher's lid go Tools and Files, together with a general Stock of English and American Hardware.. March 6, 18ti£5.—ly ft ICUA ft lit W A UTffl AA T & CO. TOBACCO, SSIIFF ISO SE6IR MANUFACTORY, No, 313 North Third Street, Second door below Wood, PHILADELPHIA. M. WARTMAD. n. r. BMOELMAN. March G, —ly. EAIHIi, HAS 01? HAND AND CONSTANTLY KEEPS A FULL SUPPLY OF ALL KINDS OF GOODS. WHICH HE WILL SELL CHEAP FOR CASH OR COUNTRY PRODUCE i Bedford, Jan. 8, 1864. Freedom of Thongbt and Opinion. BEDFORD, PA., FRIDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 5, 1864. THE SCHOOLMASTER ABROAD EDITED BY SIMON SYNTAX, ESQ. All ror,:nbutioiis to thi.< column must be addressed to "Simon Syntax, Box 23, Bedford, Pa." The following article comes to us bearing post mark, Cumberland Md. Wo would gladly Lave given it a placo in our column last week but it came just one day too late. Articles that aro to appear in the School Column mus: rcuch this place ono week previous to the issue. VVo would say to the writer, let us bear from you again. We aro glad that you have finally concluded to become a contributor to our col umn, un:l'hope that others may follow your ex ample. Come, teachers, wake up and give us your helping Land in this work.~rEu. LCCIOONDFETRRY, FEB. 8, 18G4. FitiKxn SYNTAX : . Through accident I happened to sec the "Inquirer," containing the proceedings of the County Institute with "School mann in the hack yround." The lady sgems to speak rather dol orously of the Irtstitute. She has a poor opin ion of the teachers that were assembled, inas much as they would have, made creditable loun gers at tha "groceries," and anywhere else but at the Institute. Also if there had been some experienced teachers like himself, (I beg hor par don) herself, present, things would have gone on finely. Put she "was the person after whom so many inquiries were rap.de," and bceauso she was absent, we sincerely hope the County Su perintendent will net upon her recommendations and he careful to remember her in marking cer tificates next fall. I .-appose he, (there, what an abominable tr.euu-y I have) she has' been among the loun gers at some period of her wise life, since she purports to know so much about it. Seeing, you know, is knowing. In her opinion the teach ers assembled, nnd tlic teachers not assembled, in which latter class she figures very prominent ly, thought they knew so much, that it would have been well to have some of the "wise 'wis'' to teach them how little they, do know. We would have her understand that this is our o pinion exactly, and, further, we believo implic itly in that old saying "charity should always begin at home." I'oor School marm! What a pity that you were not present to improve the teachers with your valuable-knowledge and pomposity ! Then perhaps one evil would have been remedied, there would have been oo uutcb to interest and attract the nttention of the tckehcrs at the institute, that wo would have hail no lounging and through your energy many of our "long resolutions" might have been made much more precise and pointed. On tiie whole, I think v. o had a very good meeting the weather being unfavorable and Schoohmrm absent. lam very sony, nnd no doubt tho touchers present will concur with inc, that Schoolmarm got into such a wrong understanding in relation to the man ner in which the association was conducted, and I sincerely hop- she will use all means to got out of the delusion. Friend Kimcn, I nm pleased to sign myself as that out of tho way place. LONDONDERRY. HINTS TO TEACHERS. Teachers, I suppose you all know the high and noble position you occupy, the ministry excepted thera being none higher. To succeed in it, you must make your School room plcasan.. a.id attractive. How many ct" you have ever tried to make SrnOul rooms pleasant ? Ilavo you ever thought thatit is your work that of your pupils ? That upon yorrsulf de pends in a great measure the sticrcss of your school. If you are cross and crabbed, you may depend upon it yoiir-fholnvs will bo so too.— Hut if you exr.reiso a cheerful disposition, enter your school room with a smiling countenance, greeting your pupils with a kind "good morn ing," you will soon be surrounded withagroup all smiles with love nod happiness. You must make your recitations interesting, il" you take tlm book and ask the questions in a manner showing-thai you tako no interest in it, your pupiis will answer in the same dull manner, but awaken an interest, excite your pupils to investigation and original thought andyoui work is accomplished. To make models of your pu pils, you inu.-t Ic a model yourself. Never en ter tho school room, without hnving first paid duo attention to your person, and r.cvcr permit your pupils to be in school with hands unwashed or hair uncombed. 15e firm in your government and when after due deliberation you havo fixed upon a standard of rule carry it out to the let ter, remembering in all your administration that no privilege should be granted to one that all cannot enjoy. • UNION TP. —i—— 1111 How DICK TOOK THK TURKEYS.—A story is told of Dick, a darkey in Kentucky, who is a notorious thief, so vicious in this respect that all the thefts in the neighborhood were charged to him. OB one occasion Mr. Jones, a neighbor of Dick's master, called and said that Dick must be sold out of that part of the country, for be had stolen all his (Jones') turk eys. Dick's master could not think so. Tho two, however, went into the field whore Dick wan at work, and accused him of the disputed theft. "You stole Mr. .Tones'' turkeys," said tho master. "No I didn't massa," responded Dick. The master persisted. "Well," at length 6aid Dick, "I'll tell you, massa, I didn't steal dem turkey's, but last night I went across Mr. Jones* pasture, and I seed •no of your rails on do fence, so I brought homo do rail, and confound it, when I come to look dar was nine turkeys on de rail." The doctors are recommending whiskey both as a cure and preventive of dipthoria. The ' remedy will be immensely popular. (From the Patriot and Uoiea Jan. 13th.) STATEMENT OF THE DEMOCRATIC SENATORS. The following statement was presented to tbo Senate yesterday, by the Democratic members, who asked that it might be entered on the Journ al, and so become a part <>f the proceedings.— This privilege, always accorded in parliamenta ry bodies, was refused by the Jacobuiß of the Senate, (or the reason, wc presume, that it clearly establishes the faLity of the position they have assumed. VVo commend it to our renders as a clear and unanswerable vindication of the course of Democratic Senators. Hav ing sworn to support the Constitution, 'they cannot yield to a revolutionary proceeding, which rets at defiance both law and precedent: Tito undersigned Senatois beg leave to submit the following statement, in vindication of their action during the present cont.st for fho "pe&k -rsbip of the Senate: In i .a*y respects this contest has no precedent in the history of the Commonwealth. Its irn portar.ee to those parties anxious for legislation as well r.s to those engaged in the struggle, seems to justify, if it does not demand, a fair statement ! of the ease for the consideration of the public. The Senate is composed of thirty-three mem bers. Thirty-two were present at the tiiae fix* ied in the Constitution for their meeting, and I one a prisoner of war in the rebel States. Ot those present at the.previous balloting for Speak er, sixteen are Democrats and sixteen are Re publicans. Before the Senate met on the sth inst., each party held a caucus and nominated a candidate for Speaker and Clerk. A number of ballots were lmd up to the adjournment on Friday last, for Speaker which resulted in a tie vote each time. Tho Republicans anticipating, before the Sen ate ruet, this result, conceived the ideu of retain ing th§ir friends in office by adhering to the party organization of the preceding session un der the plea that the Senate has a "'perpetual 'organization," and to carry out thcif* schemes, the last Speaker took the chair, called the Senate to order, the returns of the election of Senators were read, the clerks were directed to call tho roll and the Speaker announced that the Sena tors elect would come forward and ba qualified. The four new Democratic Senators presented a written protest against the right of a Speaker of tho past session to qualify them before ho is e tectcd and duly qualified himself. Still by tak ing tie oath of office in that manner, and their names, were placed upon the roll, and their 'right to \ ofe unquestioned, which would not liavo bcen the case had they declined to qual ify at that time. A resolution was then ofibr ed, and unanimously adopted, to proceed to an election for Speaker, and a number of unsuc cessful ballots were taken under tho resolution. The Republican Senaiors, finding it impossi ble to elect tlieir late Speaker proceeded to force an acknowledgment of their "perpetual organi zation," by introducing many matters of legis lation distinct from that pertaining to the requir ed annual organization of the Senate, and tile sixteen Democratic Senators voted against such improper proceeding, and defeated it. Thus the contest continued during the'session of last week; and how much longer it will continue no'one seems disposed to foretell. This conflict of opinion between Senators should be adjusted at the earliest possible mo ment, and' wher. the Republican side of the Sen ate scoff at any compromise tlicy must submit to the laws and precedents which lice direr fed all past organizations of this body or be regard ed as usurpers of place and power—disregard ing alike the acts of their predecessor", tho or ganic law and tho hc?i- interests of the State. ! The ninth section of article first of the CdH stitution says: "Each house shall choose a speaker and other officers." This is imperative and has never been disregarded until now by this attempt of the Republican officers to hold over. The words "each IIOUBC arc repeated in , the Constitution several times, and mean each brunch of the Legislature. Thi3 "house" is composed of old and new niembcra-and it was not intended by the framcrs of tho Constitu tion, nor claimed ty any previous Senate, that old officers should preside over a new Senate ami new members. The Constitution docs not say that "each house" shall citouse its Speaker' annually, but that is its meaning, aud such has been the practice under it for seventy odd years. To cUvest this novel plea of "perpetual or ganization" of every pretence of right or cus tom on tho part of-its authors, the Senate Journ als have been carefully examined bark to the year 1791, nnd the result of tho examination is stated briefly as follows: From 1794 to 18G4 no late SpeaUr has ever a/tempted to qualify new Senators, and no Speak er has administered an oaih to any Senators elect until qualified as Speaker himself. At every an nual meeting of the Senate, all tho uflicbrs were elected or re-elected or qualified in duo form by tho newSpoaker. , From 1794 to 18G4, the chair was always va cant during ballolinys for Speaker, and the Journ als show that tlic successful candidate "took the chair," and was " conducted to tt" by other Sen ators, iuade his acknowledgments, and invited some old Senator to qualify him. From 1791 to 1864, ail tho Senators voted for Speaker in alphabetical order, without the official designation, except in 182.", when Thom as lluruside voted as "lato Speaker;" but lie was not a candidate for re-election. From 1791 to 1826, iu tho Journals made up during the annual organizations of tho .Sen ate, he is designated as "lato Speaker," and froni that time to the present ho is designated ns "Speaker," until tho motion to proceed to elect a Speaker prevails, when he is referred to as "having vacated tho chair." In several instances tliere was a number of ballots for Speaker, some of which wore a tie, the chair always vacant, and .tho lato Speaker voting; with other Senators in nlphalwtical or der. In 1842 there were thirty-five ballots for Speaker, and much time consumed by the coh WHOLE NUMBER, 3004 VOL. 7, NO 27. test. During the struggle several efforts were made to elect a Speaker pro tempore, even for a few hours, but they yvere unsuccessful. In 1838 Ls the only instance on record of a late Speaker entertaining any motion not strict ly pertaining to the organization, and that was in relation to contested rests, but when the Sen ate proc led to elect a Speaker, Mr. Penrose vacated the choir. He was re-elected on the first ballot, and "toGk the chair'' again. In 1855, on the fourth day, and on the twenty-seventh ballot, a Speaker was chosen. The lata Speaker was the successful candidate. He did not occupy the chair, nor attempt to qualify the eleven new Senators present. They were qualified by tho Speaker elected, aft en he was qualified himself. In every election of Speaker tne clerks have acted as tellers, except in 1814, when a Sena tor was named to act as one of tho tollers, and, judging from (he Journals, they havo conduct ed tij_3 election as presiding officers. In 1801, 1813, and 1819, the Speakersre sigaed their oinees near the close of the session, in these words: "Tha Speaker reminds the Senate thnt in casl of tiie death or resignation of tha Govor-- nor, the Speaker of tha Senate is tiie person appointed by the Constitution to wxereiso tha office of Govertsor until another Goverriorshal! lie du'y qualified ; that tVe time for which lie was electeu Senator will expire itnmcdiately preceding the day of tiie general election ; and that ttrs offico of Speaker will expire accord ingly at the same time; that from a considera tion of these c'-rcurnstances, the propriety of electing a Speaker who may continue in that t office, until the meeting of the next General Assembly in December next, is evident." From this language, anil from the practice of these men who framed the constitutional provisions referred to, it is Tory evident that no Speaker, Mother lie In id over, or was re-elect od for the vacation, has been or can be the Speak er of the Senate after the meeting of the General. Assembly. Every Legislature has been considered inde pendent of the preceding one, and has invaria bly elected "its Speaker and other aiTicers," as directed by the Constitution. It has been left for the Republican Senators of this session to make, the discovery, that a "political necessity," under the cloak of "p°rpetuul organization," will justify an unprecedented and dangerons u surpaiion for the sake of a few petty offices. From this examination of the Journal, back nearly to tha date of the adoption of the Con stitution, it is ascertained that the Democratic Senators have all tho precedents—nearly ono hundred in number—to justiiy their course in this contest, whilst tho Republican Senators .cannot point to a single cac3 since 1794 to jus tify theirs. And in view of the constitutional require ments referred to, and the precedents for so long a period in the history of the State, there is but ono proper and incontcstible couiso to be pur sued by Senators upon this floor, and thnt is. to be guided by the. law and the experience of the past, and resist all violations of the one, and innovations of tho other, firmly and fear lessly to the end. In conclusion, the undersigned beg leave to renew, as a basis upon which to organize the Senate, tho proposition made in open Sen ate on their bohnlf by the Senator from Berks, Mr. Clyurcr, on the second day of the session, viz: That tho Republican Senators shall select the first office ir, tho gift of the Senate, the Democratic Senators the second, and so alter nately, through the list. [Signed] Wm. HcnkihS, Geo. 11. Bucher. y>'m- Kipzey, John 0. Smith, Hiestcr Clyaier, A. Hiestand Glatz, Chan L. Lamborton, 11. C. llcardslee, George VV.,Stein, John I.attn, Berd. Reilly, Win. A. Wallace, J. 13. Stark, Wm. McSherry, DB. Montgomery, C. 14. Donovan. MEETING OP DEMOCRATIC MEMBERS.—At a meeting of the Democratic members of the House of Representatives, held on Wednesday even ; og, January 13, 18G4, the followiug reso lution was unanimously ndopted: Itcwlvtd, That the Democratic members of tho House of Representatives, representing up wards of 251,000 Democrats of the Slate, ap prove of the course of tho Democratic Senators in their vindication of their constitutional rights, against the usurpations of tho Republi can Senators, and. that they trust they will ad here in their course until the Senate is organ wed in a constitutional manner, am! in nccor danco with tho precedents of the Eonato for seventy years. STTRR.EP AT LAST. —Thoro have boon a great many astute speculations respecting the hole through which John Morgan escaped from the I'cniteatiary at Columbus. The, message of Governor Tod puts an end to-tho ques tion. His Excellency announces that John Morgan escaped THROUGH A MISUKDEKSTAKDINO. This is official. We, of course, givo it up. . A\ivel suit.—A. str.go proprietor of New York who lost fifty horses by glanders, contracted from a shed adjoining his'C'ables, erocted by the Now York and Harlem Railroad Cotnpuny, for the ..belter of tlieir diseased animals, has. just [ recovered $5,000 damages in an action against the latter. jgy-d'hc Now York Tjntfs denounces tho at tempt made by some radicals to place the negroeß on an equality with whito men, by giving ibam the elective franchise. It warns them that such nctioas will create a reaction at the North which is not prepared to recognize negro equality, and give prodigious strength to tho rebellion. wMore shells were discharged in tho tangle bnttlo of Gettysburg than were used in' all the battles that .ever fought, v Hates of filterttslng. * One Square, three wtektor leis. . . . i . . ,*LMS ' One Square, each additional insertionUM""*®^ than three monthi . . . . ; %t 2 MO!<fHS. 8 MOMTIie. 1 T*Aa One square- $3 00 $4 08 $6 00 Twosqoares ....... 4Ob 500 8 Three squares SOO 700 13 i Column 600 800 1801 | Column 800 13 00 30 C | Column 12 00 18 00 38 0$ One Column ...... 18 00 30 00 33 00 Administrators'and Executors' notices $2.80, Au ditors' notices $1.50, if under 10 lines. $3.00 if more than a square and less than 20 lines. Ketraya, $1.85, if but one head is advertised, 35 cents for every additional head. The spree occupied by ten tines of this stze ot type coontsone square. All fractions of a square under five lines will be measured as a hall square and all over fire lines as a lull square. Alllegsl advertisements willbe charged to the person hand in? tht-m in. GEN. M'CLELLAN'S LETTER. The following letter from G-en. Medellan to President Lincoln, is found iu the official report of the former, directed to be published by reso lution of Congress. It was written ccTeadayt t after the battk3 of the Per.insula in the summer of 1862, and contains some excellent advice to Mr. Lincoln, which would have been well for the country had it been acted on by . the Admin istration : "HEADQUARTF.ES, Ansrr OF POTOMAC F "HARRISON'S LANDING,VA., July 8,.'62. ( "MR. PRESIDENT: You have been fully in formed that the rebel array Is in our l'roat with the purpose of overwhelming us by attacking our positions or reducing us by blockading our river communications; 1 caunot but regtud our condition as critical, and I earnestly desire, in view cf possible contingencies, to- lay Before your Excellency for fljur private considcralian, my general views concerning the existing state . of too relviiio.i, although they do not strictly relate to the situation of the array or strictly come within the soopo of my oflicisl duties.— These -velws amount to convictions, and are deeply impressed upon my mind and heart. "Our causa must never be abandoned—it is the en use of free institutions and self-government. The. Constitution and Union must be preset -ed, whatever may bo the eo&tin time, treasure and > blood. If eeces&m is successful, other dissolu tions are clearly to bo sern*in the future. Let neither military disaster, political faction, nor foreign war shake yourse'lM purpose to enforce the equal operation of the laws of the United ' States upon the people of every State. "The time'has come when the go vernment must determine upon a civil and military policy covering the wiiolu gruund of our national troub- . !e. The responsibility of determining, acWrtrfßg and supporting such civil and military policy, and cf directing the whole oobrsd of. national affairs in regard to the rebellion, must now Ue assumed oral ifceiXHßed by you op our cause will lie lost.- The Constitution;give* you power suf ficient "even for tho present. terrible exigency. "This rebellion lia assumed the character of war; as such it should be regarded, and it should be conducted upon the highest principles known to Ctaistian civilization. If. should out be a war looking to the subjugation of the peo plo of any State in any event. It should not bo nt nil a war upon population, bet against armed forces and political orgnnizaiion. Neith er confiscation of property, political executions of persons, territorial organizations of States, nor forcible abolition of shivery should bo Con templated for a moment. In prosecuting tho war all private property and unarmed persons should be strictly protected, subject only to tho necessity of military operations. AU private > property taken for military uso show be paid or receipted for; pillage and waste should bo treated as high crimes; all unnccessary ti jsps.ss sternly prohibited, and offensive demeanor by the military toward citizens promptly rebuked. Military arrests should not bo tolerated except in places where active hostilities exist, .and oaths not required by enactments constitution ally made should be neither demanded nor re ceived. Military government should be-confin ed to the preservation of public order and the protection of political lights. Military power should not bo'allowed to interfere .with the rela tions of servitude, either by supporting or im pairing the authority of the' master, except for repressing disorder, as in other cases. Slaves contraband, under the act of Congress, seeking military protection should receive it- The right of the government to appropriate permanently to ite own service claims of slave labor should be asserted, and tho right of the owner to com pensation tivercfor should be recognized. The principle might lie extended upon grounds of military necessity and security to all tho slaves within a particular State, thus working man umission in such State; and in Missouri, per haps in Western Virginia also, and possibly o ven in Maryland, the expediency of suchatneas ure is only a question of time. "A sv.it cm of policy thus constitutional and conservative, and porvadcd 6y tha influences of Christianity and freedom, would receive tho support of almost alt truly loyal toon, would deeply impress the rebel masses and nil foreign nations, rind it might he hnrably hoped that it would commend itse'.f to the favor of the Al mighty. "Unless the principles goveridng the future conduct of our struggle shell bo made known and noproved, the effort to obtain requisite for ces will be almost hopeless. A declaration of radical views, especially upon slavery will rap idly disintegrate our present armies "The policy of the government must bo sap* ported by concentration of military power. The national forces should not be dispersed in expe ditions, posts of occuprttion and numerous arm ies, but should be mainly collected into masses and brought to bear upon the r.rmioe of the Confederate States, lis one armies thoroughly defeated, tho political structure which tGeysup port would eoou cease to exist. "la carrying out tiny system of policy which you may form you will require a commander in-chief of the army, one who poescises yow' confidence, understands your viows, tad is com petent to execute your orders by directing the military forces of tho nation to the acecmplieh mcnt of tho objects by you proposed. Ido not ask that place for myself. I aui witling tosefVb' you in such a position as you may ufttign me and will do to as faithfully as ever subordinat* served taporior. "I may bo oa tho brink of eternity, and as I hope forgiveness from my JNtak a-, Ihavo writ- a tcu this letter with sincerity toward you and, from love for my country. ' *" '?• GEO. B. MCCI ELLAA Wis should not forsake a good work bcflUi*. it docs not advanco with a,. rapid step. *?. I itr viviue truth and AlmijMy 2> ."!aess,,wilte^v* I tis alike from rushucss ud despair. .
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers