Enhance Dairy Cattle Nutrition (Continued from Page 46) attempt to heal the affected area. Manure that appears foamy or bubbly may indi cate lactic acidosis or excessive hindgut fermenta tion resulting in gas production. Physical analysis. To evaluate manure particle size, walk through the barn and casually observe the manure of the whole pen or barn. Look at manure which has been passed very recently. Check for con sistency of manure piles within animal groups. It is normal to have some variation in manure, and distinct diurnal variation in fecal excretion is normal for lactating dairy cows. This diurnal varia tion is due to feed intake variation throughout the day and in part due to daily animal management and movement. Many aspects of manure, including its nutrient content, have this diurnal variation pat term Large variation within a group of cows during a similar time period of the day is a clear indication of ration sorting by the cows or some other health or management problem that is not affecting cows equally. This kind of variability indicates that the ration and/or feeding management may need ad justment. Collect at least five manure samples that appear AgrL o^lll Equipment 630 E. Lincoln Av». Rt 422 Myarstown, P«17067 Jake Stoltzfus & Mike Brendle, Owners We Sell & Service: GSS33 Silo Doors by 5Q5822Q • M tivn no Silo eqmpmtnt with i htntoge of quality • SILOS • BUNKER SILOS • SILO REUNE a—jg, Telemark Leasing <■£■■ WPI Stearns Leasing (Turn to Page 58) e Vfl imETflLl Penn State Offers Free Guide To New Federal CAFO Rules Alyssa Dodd and Charles Abdalla Penn State A free seven-page guide from Penn State will help farmers and citizens understand which livestock and poultry operations are likely to be affected by new water quality regulations from the U.S. Envi ronmental Protection Agency (EPA). As the first in a series of policy updates, the guide provides timely analysis and information on evolving water quality rules for animal operations. The guide explains why EPA revised the federal CAFO rules, highlights the major changes to the rules, outlines the process for incorporating the new rules into the current state CAFO program, and provides guidance to Pennsylvania producers to help them determine if they will need a permit and how they may be affected. It also includes a list of educational resources. We prepared the publication with co-authors Les Lanyon, professor of soil science and management; and Robert Graves, professor of agricultural engi neering. For those with Internet access, the publication is available on State Nutrient and Water Policy Web site: http://agenvpolicy.aers.psu.edu. ALL TYPES OF EXCAVATION .A «gp r 1 v _ / • ■KoOMMTtf iWWMWCTj Residential,Commercial & Agricultural • Septic Systems • Basements • Manure Pits • Water & Sewer Hook-ups (717) 665-5373 1043 Mountain Rd., Manheim • Snow Removal • Site Preparation • Grading
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