Enhance Dairy Cattle Nutrition
(Continued from Page 46)
attempt to heal the affected area.
Manure that appears foamy or bubbly may indi
cate lactic acidosis or excessive hindgut fermenta
tion resulting in gas production.
Physical analysis. To evaluate manure particle
size, walk through the barn and casually observe the
manure of the whole pen or barn. Look at manure
which has been passed very recently. Check for con
sistency of manure piles within animal groups.
It is normal to have some variation in manure,
and distinct diurnal variation in fecal excretion is
normal for lactating dairy cows. This diurnal varia
tion is due to feed intake variation throughout the
day and in part due to daily animal management
and movement. Many aspects of manure, including
its nutrient content, have this diurnal variation pat
term Large variation within a group of cows during
a similar time period of the day is a clear indication
of ration sorting by the cows or some other health or
management problem that is not affecting cows
equally. This kind of variability indicates that the
ration and/or feeding management may need ad
justment.
Collect at least five manure samples that appear
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(Turn to Page 58)
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Penn State Offers Free Guide
To New Federal CAFO Rules
Alyssa Dodd and Charles Abdalla
Penn State
A free seven-page guide from Penn State will help
farmers and citizens understand which livestock
and poultry operations are likely to be affected by
new water quality regulations from the U.S. Envi
ronmental Protection Agency (EPA). As the first in
a series of policy updates, the guide provides timely
analysis and information on evolving water quality
rules for animal operations.
The guide explains why EPA revised the federal
CAFO rules, highlights the major changes to the
rules, outlines the process for incorporating the new
rules into the current state CAFO program, and
provides guidance to Pennsylvania producers to
help them determine if they will need a permit and
how they may be affected. It also includes a list of
educational resources.
We prepared the publication with co-authors Les
Lanyon, professor of soil science and management;
and Robert Graves, professor of agricultural engi
neering.
For those with Internet access, the publication is
available on State Nutrient and Water Policy Web
site: http://agenvpolicy.aers.psu.edu.
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