D4-Lancaster Farming, Saturday, April 27, 2002 Soybean Germplasm Lines Show Resistance To Insect Defoliation WOOSTER, Ohio Two re cently released soybean germ plasm lines appear to resist defoliation against bean leaf beetle and western corn rootworm, insects that have been known to cause severe crop damage throughout the mid west. Recent cross-breeding at Ohio State University has yielded two advanced germplasm lines, HC9S-15MB and HC9S-24M8, that may offer breeders addi tional management tactics where leaf feeding is a concern. The results of the study were re cently published in the Journal of Economic Entomology. “These lines have not been re- DES MOINES, lowa Though it may be tempting to complete planting as soon as possible, ultra-early and early soybean planting may yield more risks than rewards, ac cording to soybean production experts. Before heading to the field in March or April, growers need to weigh the odds for suc cess. “A certain amount of time is required for seed to emerge when soybean seed is planted in soils that are less than 50 de grees,” explains Keith Whig ham. extension soybean specialist at lowa State Univer sity. “We’ve found that if we plant in March, it could be three to four weeks before soil tem peratures reach 50 degrees. By then, seed may not have the via bility to emerge.” Ideally, soybeans are planted the last week of April through the middle of May for optimum production, depending on geog raphy. Typically, yield losses have been seen with early planted (before April 15) soy beans as well as in soybeans planted after May 15. CONSTRUCTION |||fl EQUIPMENT JD 1010 dozer w/blade, gas, exc shape, 570-222-9090. Komatsu FG 14 forklift, 4 wheel, $3,500 080. 570-222-9090. 1994 Bobcat X 325, mini exc. rubber tracks, 24" bucket, 2300 hrs, $13,500 or rent $l2O/day. 717-859-3501. MILK. U DOES A BODY GOOD. leased commercially to growers because the yields they produce are not high enough. But they have potential for breeders who are looking for lines that show good insect resistance that in the future could potentially be crossed with high-yielding lines,” said Ron Hammond, an entomologist for the Ohio Agri cultural Research and Develop ment Center (OARDC). “We wanted to look at them in the field against insect problems to see what value they might have.” Researchers found that over a two-year period, amount of de foliation from the adult bean Consider Risks In Planting Soybeans Early Weather trends, the increas ing size of farm operations and some reports of yield increases with early planting have lead growers to push the envelope on soybean planting dates. “There has not been a lot of published research dealing with very early planting dates,” says Jody Gander, agronomy researcher with Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc., in Princeton, 111. “We initiated research in 2001 to try to quantify the po tential risks or benefits associ ated with planting soybeans early. “There are a few risks in planting corn early, but it is gen erally desirable to do so. There are a lot more risks with soy beans. Cool, wet soil conditions associated with early planting are more conducive to seedling diseases such as phytophthora root rot, pythium and fusarium, which all lead to poor emer gence and growth,” he says. “When it warms up in early April, and you’re tempted to plant soybeans, it’s important to remember the next week it could be raining and 40 degrees,” Gander cautions growers. PHONE: 717-626-1164 or 717-394-3047 FAX 717-733-6058 Mon., Tues., Wed., Fri. 8 AM to 5 PM; Thurs. 7 AM to 5 PM JD 755 crawler, ROPS, good U/C, rebuilt hydro, $14,500 or rent $250/day. 717-859-3501 Model 32 backhoe attach for Case 310 G & 450 crawler, fair cond, $2OOO obo. 717-843-7933 1987 Cat 953 LGP, stan dard pads, full Cat cab, 70% U/C, reblt motor, good runner, $32,500. Lo cated Ephrata, PA. 410-593-9866,410-688-2739 leaf beetle and the western corn rootworm was significantly re duced in the germplasm lines compared to a commercial soy bean cultivar. No commercially grown lines are considered to have any level of insect resist ance. Percent defoliation from 1999 data averaged 22.5 percent for the commercial cultivar, 14.8 percent for HC9S-15MB and 10 percent for HC9S-24M8. In 2000, defoliation levels were 8.5 percent for the commercial cul tivar, 4.1 percent for HC9S - and 3.9 percent for HC9S - “We saw less leaf feeding on the resistant lines.” said Ham Early planted soybeans also appear to be more susceptible to infection from sudden death syndrome (SDS), as evidenced by widespread, severe levels of the disease in Illinois during the 2000 growing season. That year, as much as 65 percent of the soy bean crop had been planted by May 15 compared to the five year average of 20 percent. “Fusarium, the organism which causes SDS is most dam aging when soil temperatures remain at 55 to 65 degrees for a long period of time,” explains Jim Trybom, soybean researcher with Pioneer in Leßoy, 111. “In 2000, soil temperatures warmed to 68 degrees on May IS, but they dropped and continued to fluctuate below 65 degrees ELL, TRADE O BUY 48', 2 man yellow bucket truck, $6,000. Call 717-445-9753. Gallion 5 to 8 ton roller, good cond, $l5OO. DS7S Komatsu track type load er, cab w/heater, 800 hrs on new motor, good cond SS # 6962, $12,000. 610-842-0919 Mike, 610-842-0918 Joe Yale IP forklift, 7,000 lb cap, 24" centers, power slide forks, new tires, $4,500. Bam-3pm, M-F, 717-933-5307. 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Frank Co. 717-267-3492 (2) '96 Case 1840 skid loaders, 1700 hrs, $10,500 & 1100 hrs, $10,900. 717-569-8925 '9l Hitachi EXI2O-2 exca vator, runs good, new paint, 36 Inch bkt, make offer or rent $250/day. 717-859-3501 97 Takeuchi TBDIS mini excavator, 1900 hrs., rub ber tracks, plumped for hammer, $9500, w/ Hyd hammer, $10,500, Or rent $75/day. 717-859-3501. Crawler steering clutch disc's. New JD3SO, Steel $lB, Fiber $l4, JD 40, 420, 440, 1010, Fiber $l6, Steel $25. Call 315-597-6899. mond, adding that the reduction in feeding may be due to antixe nosis, a plant defense mecha nism that modifies the behavior of the insect without affecting plant or insect metabolisms. The resistant lines, however, did not reduce bean leaf beetle or western corn rootworm popu lations. Hammond said the germplasm lines were originally developed specifically to target insects, such as caterpillars and the Mexican bean beetle, whose larvae develop and feed on plant leaves. Bean leaf beetle and western corn rootworm larvae develop in the soil and feed on the plant roots. It is the adult in sects that are defoliators. through late May. “In 2000, the soybean seed lings and roots were exposed to the ideal 55 to 65 degree soil temperatures much longer than normal because the crop was planted earlier than normal,” Trybom adds. “The result was significant disease pressure and yield losses from SDS.” Other downsides to early planting are the potential for frost damage, which can kill soybeans that have germinated and emerged; compaction of wet soils, which impacts the crop all season long; and greater expo sure to high populations of early soybean insects there are fewer acres in each area to attract the bugs, Whigham points out. thro Bulldozer MF2OOB parting out: Perkins 152UA 3cyl dsl, runs sweet, $1,500. Call with other needs. 315-597-6899. JD 450 crawlers, 210, 310, 410 C backhoes: muffler specials part #AT19157, AT 8 3 6 1 3, $79. 315-597-6899. IH 500 C-E TDSB Crawlers, new parts. Chains, $5OO. Rollers, $B5. Sprockets, $l5O. Idllers, $450. 315-597-6899. Cat 6138 elevating scrap er pan, ready to work, good cond, tires 8< paint, $27,000.215-297-5841 1989 Mauldin Paver, 8-13 wide, 23hp., gas, clean 8< painted, $5,800. 610-522-1095. Wanted: Older backhoe for restoration, not run ning, stuck eng O.K. (JD, Ford) 860-663-3060 1990 LT4O Woodmizer portable sawmill, fully hyd., 24hp, gas, 1370 hrs, trlr, package, hyd. brks, new-style blade guides, $13,000.610-847-2242. In addition, the resistant lines were not effective in reducing the pod injury levels associated with bean leaf beetle feeding. Hammond speculates that the plants’ defenses rest solely in the leaves. “These lines may not have the ability to reduce pod feeding and population density, but in terms of defoliation there is defi nitely some promise. Most insect problems that have historically been on soybeans have been those insects that defoliate the plant, and we know how defolia tion can affect the economics of the crop,’’ said Hammond. “With insects like the bean leaf beetle and soybean aphid present that can transmit viruses, continuing research into new soybean lines is very im portant.” Bean leaf beetles can cause headaches for soybean growers. Not only do they feed on plant leaves, they cause pod injury that can reduce yields. They also transmit bean pod mottle virus, a disease associated with green stem syndrome where the stems remain tough and green and beans are too dry to harvest. Western corn rootworm bee tles are normally a concern on continuously grown corn. Rotat ing corn with soybeans has been the first line of defense. How ever, a new biotype of the west ern corn rootworm is laying its eggs in soybean fields that hatch into larvae and feed on first year corn that has been planted into those fields the following year. This prevents rotation from being used as a management practice. Though more prob lematic in such states as Indiana and Illinois, this new biotype of western corn rootworm has been recorded in Ohio. The soybean germplasm lines were developed by Hammond and Dick Cooper, a USDA soy bean breeder at OARDC, as part of on-going soybean breeding re search. Equipment CHALK Sales -150 Forklifts In Stock ID JP 410-686-6800 BALTIMORE, MD Case 75XT, 629 Hours w/Cab Enclosure & Heat, Nice *16,900 : ITT -484-2576
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