C6-Uncaster Farming, Saturday, December 21, 1996 BREAKAGE OF BONES DURING MEAT PROCESSING Dr. Carol V. Gay Professor Of Molecular And Cell Biology And Poultry Science Recently I was thinking about my laboratory studies on bone for mation in terms of relevance to domestic avian species. In reading on this topic I dis covered a number of studies that identified the types of bones that tend to break during processing Raising Expec ♦<# " „ •*» ft *♦ Forget everything you've heard about compact tractors. 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Pradark*, *4O 21701 • (410)8454556 ECKROTH BROS. FARM EQUIPMENT RD #2, Box 24A New Ringgold, PA 17960 |ipm 4810 Kemeville Rd. Orefield, PA 18069 (glfigjW-MW. atoomaburg, PA 17«1» (717)784-6217 broilers for the meat consumer market. Particularly susceptible are the ribs, wishbone, collar bone, and bones that form the pel vis. The amount of breakage re ported in one study was astound ing, with an average of three brok en bones occurring per bird after evisceration. Only 3 percent of the birds had any breaks before being stunned. Breakage can occur at any stage of processing, including when birds are put in and removed from transport cages, as a conse- ▼ - *. ' $ #v 1205 1215 1220 1230 1240 1250 1260 LEBANON VALLEY IMPLEMENT CO. 700 E. Linden St Richland, PA 17087 (717)868-7518 LAWN CARE OF PA Martlwiafc.RA (717)44*4541 MU aenu wwmmmw%m% IK wWI» N.QrolWafcfM. Uola, PA 17640 (717)66*2*21 MEYERS IMPLEMENTS, INC. 400 North Antrim Way Qreencaatl®. PA 17225 (717)887-2176 mm •fir* ' ,r ~ MILLER EQUIPMENT CO. SfeulbrftMd BacWtl«vili«, PA 18505 k lUdM| k JkM NORTHEAST WrtoSKl&iMfti (717) 38a<4060 (717)222*020 nenni ■» sii ee w AriWwJSw 4 SERVICE Oakland Mfl% PA 17078 (717) 483-2735 FRANK RYMON 4 'V./ t quence of stunning, during me chanical picking, and during handling along the eviscerating line. Ribs and pelvic bones tend to be broken during mechanical picking and when carcasses are cleaned following offal removal. Pelvic bones may also break when birds are caught The sternum and keel are main ly damaged when birds are caught Stunning with carbon dioxide or argon gas resulted in fewer broken bones, by about SO percent than when electrical stunning is used. The main problem here is that wing flapping during stunning re sults in broken wing bones. Both wings and leg bones tend to be stronger than the flat bones (ribs, pelvic girdle, sternum, and keel) because of exercise due to walk <, , ■* A*” MASSEY FERGUSON SCHREFFLER EQUIPMENT Pitman, PA 17264 (717) 844M120 8;Q. UWiS • + ONE TODAYI ing and maintaining balance by wing flapping. Several ways of reducing bone breakage in broilers can be con sidered. The first might be to genetically select for the trait of calmness in birds intended for fur ther processing. The birds need to have been fed sufficient amounts of calcium, protein, and other nu trients. The least damaging stunning method needs to be employed. Personnel who handle live binds need to be made aware of the need for gentle handling techniques, and shown what those techniques are. 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Harahay, PA 7174334060 DISTRIBUTED BY KEYSTONE STIIIL procedures during picking and along the eviscerating line would likely reveal some problems to which appropriate adjustments could be made. No easy means of assessing breakage exists. Palpation can re veal larger broken bones; how ever, dissection is more likely necessary to reveal smaller bone breaks. A non-invasive means of identi fying breaks would be to use X rays. However, X-ray machines are costly and require a fairly high level of technical expertise to operate safely. Special training also is required to know how to “read” an X-ray film. 9 ® HUMMEL'S TEXACO HI. 111> 15 717-743-7459 Jonestown BLUE MOUNTAIN ENTERPRISES, INC. Rt. 72 South 717-865-2994 Lltltz/Lebanon BOMBERGER'S LAWN & GARDEN Lltltz: 717-626-3301 Lobonon: 717-272-4155 QUTSHALL'S INC. 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