A32-Lancasttr Farming, Saturday. July 31, 1993 Stephanie Wagner Shows (ConUmwd from Pag* A 26) INTERMEDIATE CALF: 1 .Darin Noll; 2.Dunm Homin|; 3Jasse Bomgardner FFA; 1 Jane Bombgardncr 2.Brent Shuey 3 Jen nifer Beihoie SR. HEIFER CALF 1 .Peter Sonnen, 2.Dunm Homing; 3.Gng Brunner FFA: I.Troy Shuey; 2.Michelle Mue; 3.Andy Minin SUMMER YEARLING HEIER; l.Timothy Getz, 2.Rachael Knll, 3Jeremy Troutman FFA: I.Kathy Mate; 2.Peter Sonnen; JR YEARLING ; I.Kevin Bombgardner, 2.Danene Noll; 3.Michelle Reist FFA; 1 Jennifer Bashore; 2.Btenl Shuey, 3Jef frey Hocteuer INTERMEDIATE YEARLING HEIFER: 1 .Btyan Hoetceler, 2.Jeremy Troutman; 3 Rachel Knll SR. YEARLING HEIFER: I.Christopher Wag ner, 2.Cregory Hostetler, 3 Andrea Bashore FFA: LSconNolt, 2Jesse Bomgaidner, 3.Darin Noll DRY COW l.Todd Getz, 2.Stephanie Wagner, 3 Kathy Habecker FFA: 1 Jeffrey Kos letter JR 2-YR-OLD; Uay Bomgaidner, IHannah Bomgaidner; S.Brent Shuey What Is An Adequate TMR Mix? DENNIS R. BUCKMASTER PSD Assistant Professor STATE COLLEGE (Centre Co.) —The importance of feeding dairy cows with totally mixed rations (TMR) is clear Grom indus try trends. All current indications are that TMR is the feeding system of choice for the 1990 s and beyond. It is now the most rapidly growing feeding style in the developed countries. By definition, TMR implies that all required nutrients are in one mix which is fed ad libitum. Because there are no other supple mental feeds, it is imperative that all nutrients (energy, fiber, pro tein, macrominerals, trace miner als and vitamins) be thoroughly blended in the mix so as to reduce the possibility of animals missing their allotment. With TMRs generated on the farm, feed quality and mixing become the farmers’ responsibility. One reason for failure of TMR feeding systems is poor manage ment of mixing. Good information regarding mix management will be even more important in the future as more commodity and by product feeds are used and the production potential of animals continues to rise. There has been much research related to the nutritional advan tages of TMR feeding. However, there is very little known from an engineering perspective on how to get the job done most efficiently. It is also very ironic that the industry has latched on to the acronym TMR without defining the first two letters. “Totally mix ed” has not been defined well to date in quantitative terms. In 1992, a mixer experiment was performed at the Penn State Dairy Research Center with the goal of obtaining data regarding mix uniformity so that methods of evaluation could be determined. Three variables (mix type, order of adding ingredients, mixture) which potentially have great impact on mix uniformity were studied. The experiment was designed around the objectives of determin ing if there were significant differ ences between mix uniformity for two types of mixers, two orders of FFA: Uay Bomgardner, zjtone SR. 2-YR-OLD: I.Curtis Bomgaidner; ZDarin Noli; 3.Melonica Kaufman FFA; I.Troy Gao; 2.Becky Pyles 3- YEAR-OLD: l.Stephanie Wagner, ZMelisaa Bicksler, 3.Ttmothy Vail FFA: IJCathy Maae 4- YEAR-OLD; 1 Jeeae Bomgamder, IStaphanie Wagner, 3-Ryan Miller FFA: I.Kevin Bomgamder AGED COW; LStephanie Wagner, 2.Kuit Hos tetler, S.Melisaa Bicksler FFA; I.Thomas Shuey, 2.Kristen JR CHAMPION: Jesse Bomgardner RESERVE JR. CHAMPION; Jesse Bomgardner 4-H: JUNIOR CHAMPION: Bryan Hostetler RESERVE JUNIOR CHAMPION: Peter Sonnen SENIOR AND GRAND CHAMPION FFA Kevin Bomgaidner RESERVE SR AND GRAND CHAMPION: Kathy Mase GRAND CHAMPION 4-H: Stephanie Wagner RESERVE GRAND CHAMPION: Jay Bomgardner DAM, DAUGHTER 4-H; l.Stephanie Wagner, 2.Jesse Bomgardner DAM, DAUGHTER FFA: 1 Jesse Bomgamder. 2JCrtsten Hoffer adding ingredients, and two dura tions of mixing. Samples collected were analyzed fa* particle size distribu tion, density, and concentrations of dry matter, crude protein, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and ash. With primary interest in mix uniformity, the variations in mix attributes were of more interest than the mean characteristics. Characterizing “good enough” involves the use of confidence intervals on ration attributes. A solid definition of “good enough” is currently unknown from a nutri tional point of view, but that may be partly due to the lack of any method to express it to date. For the batches blended as part of our research, all nutrient mea sures were within 6-percent of the average value. Confidence intervals showed that the variations in ration attri butes after mixing were certainly within lab analysis errors of the attributes involved. For the conditions ki our exper iment, every batch seemed to be well mured. This being the case, mixing time could possibly be reduced from eight minutes to two minutes without an adverse affect on mix uniformity. If our work was representative of what is done on the farm and we think it was mixing time could be shortened to reduce labor requirements, reduce energy con sumption and yield potentially longer service life of the machinery. There was a tendency to do a less thorough job of mixing the longer particles than the smaller particles. This was true regardless of the mixer, fill order or mixing time. It was clear that mixing altered the particle size distribu tion with particle size reduced during mixing. Based on this limited research, we plan to draft an American Soc iety of Agricultural Engineering (ASAE) Standard related to expression of mix uniformity. We hope this will lead to further refinements in dairy feeding sys tems and improved operator awareness as to the critical factors related to feeding TMRs to the high producing dairy cows. Third Uebanon S From the left, Jamie Irwin stands with Peter Sonnen and Brent Shuey who show their Junior champion Holsteins, and Amy Burkhart, dairy maid. Km*, who h*p. Dale int Shin eme Dai grai Animal irsey cows.
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