Adjuvants Enhance The zigzag tail represents the long chain hydrocarbon group that gives the molecule it’s lipophilic characteristics. The head of the polliwog contains more polar groups (e.g. hydro xyls) which give the molecule its hydrophilic characteristics. The influence of the surfac tant on herbicide performance can be species specific since leaf wax composition varies. For some herbicides, surfactant preference is also herbicide dependent. For example. Roundup (glyphosate) is a very polar herbicide that requires a more polar type of surfactant (such as the ethoxylated fatty amines) to improve activity. Non-polar or highly lipophilic surfactants can actually decrease the performance of Roundup in comparison to no surfactant at all. Surfactant molecules can be synthesized to achieve specific solubility characteristics often referred to as the hydrophilic lipophilic balance (HLB). The capability of a surfactant to modify herbicide penetration is partially attributable to the HLB, with each herbicide species interaction having an optimum HLB requirement for the surfactant employed. HLB numbers for surfactants are often given on technical infor mation sheets for specific pro ducts and will range from 0-40 with most of them between 1 and 20. Low HLBs will be very oil soluble, while higher HLB’s prefer water. Surfactants are classified as nonionic, anionic, or cationic. Nonionic surfactants have no electrical charge and are gener ally compatible with most pes ticides. Nonionic surfactants are typically polyoxyethylated (Continued from Page 8) aliphatic alcohols and may con tain free fatty acids or fatty acid esters. Nonionic surfactants are most commonly used because of their universal fit. An anionic surfactant pos sesses a negatively charged functional group such as sul fates or phosphates and is most often used with acids or salts. Anionic surfactants are more specialized and sometimes Table 3. Selected trade names and manufacturers of nonionic surfactants. Trade Name Activate Plus Activator 90 Charger E Dash (surfactant + fatty acids) Frigate (fatty amine ethoxylate) Improve (fatty amine ethoxylate) Induce Kinetic (organosilicone) Spray Booster-S Spreader Sticker Spret Surf-Aid Surfac 820 Surfac 910 Triton AG 98 Valent X-77 used as dispersants or compati bility agents. Cationic surfac tants are used less frequently, but one group (ethoxylated fat ty amines) is increasing in popularity because of their effectiveness with the herbicide Roundup. The organosilicone based materials are another group of surfactants more recently intro duced. These surfactants are used in place of a more tradi tional nonionic surfactant. Proponents of these surfactants stress low surface tension and possible stomatal penetration characteristics. Several silicone-based products are currently available for use with postemergence herbicides (Tables 3 and 4). Finally, BASF introduced the surfactant Dash for use with their herbicide Poast. Dash con tains a mixture of surfactants and fatty acids and can improve Manufacturer Riverside/Terra Loveland Industries Agway BASF SDS Fermenta DowElanco Helena Helena Cenex/Land O’Lakes Agway Helena Riverside/Terra Drexel Chemical Drexel Chemical Rohm and Haas Valent Chemical NOTONE, BUT TWO ANSWERS TO THE ADDED WEED PROBLEM OF CONSERVATION TILLAGE. A sequential program of PROWL® herbicide soil applied preplant fol lowed by PURSUIT® herbicide early post-that’s how to solve the added weed problem of conservation tillage, With PROWL, you establish an early season weed barrier against your toughest weeds and grasses, including foxtails, crabgrass, panicums, pigweed, lambsquarter, seedling Johnsongrass, and barnyardgrass. Then, when you follow with early post application of PURSUIT, See Dealer Nearest Ton Or For More Information Call Tour Cyanamid Rep. Mlk© Fleming 717-627-0661 Corn Talk, Lancaster Farming, Saturday, April 17,1993—Page €®lN TMM NlW§ both the penetration and perfor mance of herbicides like Poast. Surfactants are usually applied at 1/2 to 2 pints per acre. Adjuvants that are primarily oil based have become very popular with pesticide applica tions within the last several Table 4. Selected trade names and manufacturers of oil-based additives. Trade Name Crop oils Cenex Spray Oil Cenex/Land O’Lakes Dormant oil Riverside/Terra Knock-Down Crop Oil Cenex/Land O’Lakes Crop oil concentrates Activate Oil Adjuvant Agicide Activator Agri-Dex Booster Plus E Cenex 17% Concentrate Herbimax Penetrator Prime Oil Vegetable oil concentrates Agsco Sun-It (methyl sunflower) Cenex Veg. Oil (soybean) Dyne-Amic (silicone methyl vegetable) Land Oil (vegetable) Meth Oil (methyl soybean) Prime Oil II (vegetable) Sun-It 11/Scoil (methyl vegetable) Vegetable Oil Concentrate pA PENNSYLVANIA MASTER CORN GROWERS ASSOC., INC. Oils Manufacturer Drexel Chemical Loveland Industries Helena Agway Cenex/Land O’Lakes Loveland Industries Helena Riverside/Terra Agsco Cenex/Land O’Lakes Helena Wilkens Assoc. Riverside/Terra Riverside/Terra Agsco/AmCy Helena you take care of cocklebur, nightshade, ragweed, shattercane and any escape grasses and broadleaves. See us today about a sequential program of PROWL and PURSUIT-two good answers to the added weed problem in your Con-Till soybeans. JV CYANAMIO Mmr Always read and follow label directions carefuv, V™Trademarks, American Cyanamid Company') 1991 years. Crop oils are probably the oldest group within this category. Crop oil is a misnomer and is actually a petroleum (paraffin or naphtha based), not veget able derived, phytobland (non phytotoxic), nonaromatic oil of 70 to 110 second viscosity (Turn to Pago 10) Jim O’Bryan 814-667-3648 205
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