Adjuvants Enhance
The zigzag tail represents the
long chain hydrocarbon group
that gives the molecule it’s
lipophilic characteristics. The
head of the polliwog contains
more polar groups (e.g. hydro
xyls) which give the molecule
its hydrophilic characteristics.
The influence of the surfac
tant on herbicide performance
can be species specific since
leaf wax composition varies.
For some herbicides, surfactant
preference is also herbicide
dependent. For example.
Roundup (glyphosate) is a very
polar herbicide that requires a
more polar type of surfactant
(such as the ethoxylated fatty
amines) to improve activity.
Non-polar or highly lipophilic
surfactants can actually
decrease the performance of
Roundup in comparison to no
surfactant at all.
Surfactant molecules can be
synthesized to achieve specific
solubility characteristics often
referred to as the hydrophilic
lipophilic balance (HLB). The
capability of a surfactant to
modify herbicide penetration is
partially attributable to the
HLB, with each herbicide
species interaction having an
optimum HLB requirement for
the surfactant employed. HLB
numbers for surfactants are
often given on technical infor
mation sheets for specific pro
ducts and will range from 0-40
with most of them between 1
and 20. Low HLBs will be very
oil soluble, while higher HLB’s
prefer water.
Surfactants are classified as
nonionic, anionic, or cationic.
Nonionic surfactants have no
electrical charge and are gener
ally compatible with most pes
ticides. Nonionic surfactants
are typically polyoxyethylated
(Continued from Page 8)
aliphatic alcohols and may con
tain free fatty acids or fatty acid
esters. Nonionic surfactants are
most commonly used because
of their universal fit.
An anionic surfactant pos
sesses a negatively charged
functional group such as sul
fates or phosphates and is most
often used with acids or salts.
Anionic surfactants are more
specialized and sometimes
Table 3. Selected trade names and manufacturers of nonionic
surfactants.
Trade Name
Activate Plus
Activator 90
Charger E
Dash (surfactant + fatty
acids)
Frigate (fatty amine
ethoxylate)
Improve (fatty amine
ethoxylate)
Induce
Kinetic (organosilicone)
Spray Booster-S
Spreader Sticker
Spret
Surf-Aid
Surfac 820
Surfac 910
Triton AG 98
Valent X-77
used as dispersants or compati
bility agents. Cationic surfac
tants are used less frequently,
but one group (ethoxylated fat
ty amines) is increasing in
popularity because of their
effectiveness with the herbicide
Roundup.
The organosilicone based
materials are another group of
surfactants more recently intro
duced. These surfactants are
used in place of a more tradi
tional nonionic surfactant.
Proponents of these surfactants
stress low surface tension and
possible stomatal penetration
characteristics. Several
silicone-based products are
currently available for use with
postemergence herbicides
(Tables 3 and 4).
Finally, BASF introduced
the surfactant Dash for use with
their herbicide Poast. Dash con
tains a mixture of surfactants
and fatty acids and can improve
Manufacturer
Riverside/Terra
Loveland Industries
Agway
BASF
SDS Fermenta
DowElanco
Helena
Helena
Cenex/Land O’Lakes
Agway
Helena
Riverside/Terra
Drexel Chemical
Drexel Chemical
Rohm and Haas
Valent Chemical
NOTONE, BUT TWO ANSWERS
TO THE ADDED WEED PROBLEM
OF CONSERVATION TILLAGE.
A sequential program of PROWL®
herbicide soil applied preplant fol
lowed by PURSUIT® herbicide early
post-that’s how to solve the added
weed problem of conservation tillage,
With PROWL, you establish an
early season weed barrier against
your toughest weeds and grasses,
including foxtails, crabgrass,
panicums, pigweed, lambsquarter,
seedling Johnsongrass, and
barnyardgrass.
Then, when you follow with
early post application of PURSUIT,
See Dealer Nearest Ton Or For More
Information Call Tour Cyanamid Rep.
Mlk© Fleming
717-627-0661
Corn Talk, Lancaster Farming, Saturday, April 17,1993—Page
€®lN TMM NlW§
both the penetration and perfor
mance of herbicides like Poast.
Surfactants are usually applied
at 1/2 to 2 pints per acre.
Adjuvants that are primarily
oil based have become very
popular with pesticide applica
tions within the last several
Table 4. Selected trade names and manufacturers of oil-based
additives.
Trade Name
Crop oils
Cenex Spray Oil Cenex/Land O’Lakes
Dormant oil Riverside/Terra
Knock-Down Crop Oil Cenex/Land O’Lakes
Crop oil concentrates
Activate Oil Adjuvant
Agicide Activator
Agri-Dex
Booster Plus E
Cenex 17% Concentrate
Herbimax
Penetrator
Prime Oil
Vegetable oil concentrates
Agsco Sun-It (methyl
sunflower)
Cenex Veg. Oil
(soybean)
Dyne-Amic (silicone
methyl vegetable)
Land Oil (vegetable)
Meth Oil (methyl
soybean)
Prime Oil II (vegetable)
Sun-It 11/Scoil (methyl
vegetable)
Vegetable Oil
Concentrate
pA
PENNSYLVANIA MASTER CORN GROWERS ASSOC., INC.
Oils
Manufacturer
Drexel Chemical
Loveland Industries
Helena
Agway
Cenex/Land O’Lakes
Loveland Industries
Helena
Riverside/Terra
Agsco
Cenex/Land O’Lakes
Helena
Wilkens Assoc.
Riverside/Terra
Riverside/Terra
Agsco/AmCy
Helena
you take care of cocklebur, nightshade,
ragweed, shattercane and any escape
grasses and broadleaves. See us today
about a sequential program of PROWL
and PURSUIT-two good answers to
the added weed problem in your
Con-Till soybeans.
JV CYANAMIO
Mmr
Always read and follow label directions carefuv,
V™Trademarks, American Cyanamid Company') 1991
years. Crop oils are probably
the oldest group within this
category.
Crop oil is a misnomer and is
actually a petroleum (paraffin
or naphtha based), not veget
able derived, phytobland (non
phytotoxic), nonaromatic oil of
70 to 110 second viscosity
(Turn to Pago 10)
Jim O’Bryan
814-667-3648
205