D2o—Lancaster Farming, Saturday, April 18,1981 SMYRNA, Del - Slow growth rate, premature or stillbome lit ters, anemia and diarrhea are just a few of the problems associated with B vitamin deficiencies in swine. The B-complex vitamins include riboflavin or 82, pantothenic acid, niacin, vitamin 812 and choline Deficiency symptoms in swine are similar for many of these vitamins, so on the farm it’s often hard to know just what the problem is, says Umversity of Delaware extension livestock specialist Richard Fowler. Riboflavin or B 2 must be added in a crystalline form to the feed because most cereal grains con tain very low levels of this vitamin. The enzyme systems of the body rely on it. When it’s deficient, poor growth, poor feed intake, skin lesions and stiffness may occur. Sows exhibit little or no sign of heat and have a poor conception rate if they do cycle. Pigs born from B 2 deficient sows may be premature, dead or weak. Recommended levels of this vitamin are 1.5, 1.2 and 2 milligrams (mg) per pound of ration, respectively, for the starter diet, grower-finisher diet and breeding herd ration. Deficiency symptoms of pan tothenic acid include a high stepping or wobbly walk called goosestepping. Lower fertility, poor growth, and diarrhea are other signs of low intake. The breeding herd and starting pigs should have eight mg of pantothenic acid per pound of diet. The growing-finishing pig needs six mg per pound of feed. Niacin is a B vitamin related to one of the protein building blocks, the ammo acid tryptophan. Niacin is plentiful m com but unavailable to the pig because it occurs there in a form he can’t metabolize. Symptoms of deficiency include hair loss, skin inflammation, vomiting, diarrhea, and slow CATTLE FARMERS ... BUILD YOUR LAST FENCE FIRST! ism *m, | ■ I! •'l l. 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Animal products are rich sources of vitamin 812 but plant products are poor sources. Anemia and slow growth result when this vitamin is left out of the diet. The requirement is very low and is stated in micrograms. (A microgram is one-one thousandth of a gram ) WESTMINSTER, Md. - If you’re going to bring perennial and biennial thistles under control, the time to start is now-durmg the period from mid-Apnl to late May. So says Ronald L. Ritter, Ex tension weed control specialist and assistant professor of agronomy at the University of Maryland in College Park. Canada thistle and the musk or nodding thistle are the culprits which Ritter has in mind. He lists three methods which can be used for their control. The procedures are: -Mowing at least four times per year; -Continuous cultivation, in cluding plowing and disking, --Periodic chemical ap plications. Ritter commented that frequent mowing will prevent seed-set, rather than killing the thistles directly. Thus, it is primarily ef fective for controlling biennials like the musk thistle, which spreads only by seed. To work well against the Canada thistle, mowing should be com bined with herbicide application. Even then, the procedure is apt to require at least two years. Growing a perennial forage •,p i) r ' 717-354-4001 Pigs need Vitamin B Smce there are 454 grams m one pound, we’re dealing with a very small but essential amount. Breeding animals and young pigs require 10 micrograms (meg) of 812 per pound of ration. Growing-finishing pigs need six meg per pound The last B vitamin is choline Recent research shows that this ingredient is more important than once believed. In the past the choline contest of _ natural feeds was considered adequate for pigs. Choline deficiency has been suggested as It’s time to control thistle crop-particularly alfalfa--on thistle-infested land also fits well with the mowing procedure. Luckily, alfalfa withstands frequent mowing better than thistles can. If the thistle in festation is heavy, try a year of “bare ground” control before seeding alfalfa. Continuous cultivation for thistle control depends upon starting at the critical early bad stage, about four to six weeks after emergence of the first plants in the spring. This is the period when food reserves m the roots are at their lowest point of the year. Up to 90 percent of a Canada thistle infestation can be eliminated in one season by beginning thorough cultivation at the critical beginning point in the spring and repeating the process every 21 days throughout the growing season. For chemical control of thistles and other broadleaf plants, Ritter recommends 2,4-D, dicamba (Banvel), ammo tnazole (Amitrol T), orpicloram (Tordon). Listed in progressive order of potency, from low to high, these herbicides do not control grasses which might be present in the same area. THE SOLANCO YOUNG FARMERS WOULD LIKE TO THANK THEIR 1981 BANQUET SPONSORS FOR HELPING TO MAKE THEIR BANQUET A SUCCESS AGWAY Quarryville AGRI-KING, INC. Raymond Stoltzfus Peach Bottom AMERICAN BREEDERS SERVICE Paul Herr Holtwood BLEDSOE’S HARDWARE & AUTO Quarryville BRYER, HERR It KENNELL ASSOC. Gap CARNATION GENETICS Joseph Graybeal Peach Bottom CARNATION GENETICS E Robert Peifer Kirkwood ROBERT COUNTS Dekalb Seeds Nottingham FARMERS NATIONAL BANK Quarryville FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF LEBANON CHEMICAL LANCASTER COUNTY Howard Manning Quarryville Quarryville the cause for spraddle legs in pigs, but this has not been proven. The trait appears to be due more to heredity than nutrition One pound of breeding ration should contain 250 mg of choline; starter diets, 86 mg, and finisher feeds, 50 mg per pound of complete feed. If you want to check the B vitamin content of your premii and ration program, compare the tag and final feed with the requirements. For example, suppose your premix feed for getting pigs to 60 pounds contains To combat both thistles and grasses, the Maryland Extension specialist recommends glyphosate (Roundup) Homeowners and most farmers should stick with 2,4-D or Banvel, Ritter advises, since they are cheaper and less dangerous to handle than the other herbicides mentioned. In any case, be sure to follow the label directions carefully. Spring and fall application of a recommended herbicide should THINK AHEAD... Read Futures Markets on Page 3. FREY BROTHERS MANUFACTURING Quarryville ROBERT GROFF Pioneer Seeds Quarryville GOODS FEED MILL Pennfield Corporation New Providence GRUMELLI’S FARM SERVICE Quarryville , HAMILTON BANK Quarryville A.L. HERR & BROTHER Quarryville EDGAR M. HERR, INC. Quarryville KEYSTONE MILLS Mervin Weaver Ephrata WILMER KREIDER Nottingham LANCASTER BONE, INC. Quarryv.tle 6,500 mg per pound of niacin. Seven pounds of this premix are used to make one ton of feed There are 45,000 mg of niacin per ton of finished feed. One pound of feed contains 22.75 mg (45,000. divided by 2,000). The recom mendations call for 10 mg per pound of diet. So the feed contains sufficient niacin. Ideally, ‘premixes should be packaged with the vitamin and mineral components separated Certain minerals such as iron can reduce the potency of some vitamins. take care ot the musk or nodding thistle in one growing season, Ritter commented. But getting nd of the Canada thistle may take two years of twice-a-year chemical treatments. The best time to apply herbicides is before the thistle flower stalk forms. Late April to early May is appropriate for the first ap plication in most of Maryland. In the mountain areas of western Maryland, the season is usually delayed two to three weeks. LITTLE BRITIAN AGRI-SUPPLY Quarryville dr. mcmullen SCHMUCK & ASSOCIATES Quarryville ERNEST MELLINGER Hoffman Seeds Quarryville PENN JERSEY HARVESTORE New Holland PENNSTAR EMBRYO TRANSFER Dr CarlS. Troop Quarryville POWL’S FEED SERVICE Peach Bottom LESTER M. PRANGE, INC. Kirkwood PRODUCTION CREDIT Quarryville RAY’S APPLIANCES, INC. Quarryville RED ROSE FEED Quarryville ROSS ROHRER & SON Quarryville SELECT SIRES Nelson P. Kreider Lancaster SHADY LANE DAIRY SALES Quarryville STEEN’S COUNTRY STORE Kirkwood TRIPLE H EQUIPMENT Peach Bottom JIM’S SURGE Quarryville UNICORN FARM SERVICE Jim Landis Quarryville W&J DAIRY SERVICE William Guhl Oxford WENGER IMPLEMENTS Buck ROBERT WENGER Doeblers Seeds Quarryville C. E. WILEY Quarryville
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