110 aztvion . pOivgit.tititit,, nuoto Vanteltiot THVAIDAiIfrie,AARQU z, vaax. iolls W. VEARS, EDITOR. diIIOCIATED WITH ALBION? IMMEDII, G EORGE DIIFFIELD 4 ./B. THOMAS BRAINERD. JOHN JENKINS, HENRY DARLING. THOMAS J. SHEPHERD ALCOHOL IN THE LIVING BODY. Nora than five years ago, the Westminster Re view contained an article on the "Physiological Errors of Teetotalism," in which the attempt was made, with the ability which usually character izes the Review, to discredit the principles of the Temperance Reformation on scientific grounds. The aid of physiology was invoked to prove the actual utility of alcoholic stimulants in the human body. The authority of the distinguished Liebig was quoted in support of the leading idea . of the writer, that alcohol, if not nutritive, was calorific; that uniting with the oxygen of the blood, like the fatty and carbonaceous matters of the body, it was burned in the veins and emitted in the form of carbonic acid and water from the breath. Thus the moderate use of alcohol Wlis regarded as, pro—, meting the necessary warmth of the human systetn, even If it did not contribute to its growth. But, the Westminster, in the last numb didly confesses that it has received .new 11,10 wir ;aii the subject, leading to a material modification of its views, and to conclusions which, on the whole, are highly favorable to the views of temperance The article in question is based upon experi ments recently made by the eminent French chem- ists and physiologists, Mbssrs. Lallemand, Perrin, and Duroy. These experiments lead almost absolutely to the conclusion that the combustive theory of Liebig ie erroneous; that alcohol is a substance which re fuses to yield up its characteristic qualities under the operations of the various digestive and assimi lating processes of the human system; that it flows on, unaltered, with the life current in all its ra mifications through the body; that it has a special elective affinity - for the brain and the liver, and that, all the expulsive power of the ifystem is di rected to its removal from' the time it makes its entrance. . That alcohol is not properly nutritious has long been an admitted fact of physiology. Bat it may be interesting to know the nature of the' evidence furnished by these experiments to show that alco hol is inconsumable as well as innutritious. Com bustion may be defined as the rapid combination of substances havirtg a chemical affinity for each other; such as oxygen, carbon and hydrogen; the process being accompanied for the most part, with heat and light. Now carbon and hydrogen are elements which. enter largely into the composition of alcohol, rendering it a highly inflammable substance. The presumption is, that upon introduction into the system, these elements would be ready to leave their existing relations, and unite in the process of combustion, with the oxygen iu the blood. In that case, the alcohol would not only , suffer diminution in bulk, but, as every chemist knows, in•yieldiug up some of its constituents to the oxygen, it would undergo a modification in its character and cease in fact to be alcohol. In its place there would remain certain derivatives of alcohol, among which we may mention aldehyde, that is, alcohol after two equivalents of hydrogen are extracted from it 'by the oxygen; and acetic acid, in which the two equivalents of hydrogen thus abstracted, are replaced by two additional equivalents of oxygen. If the alcohol were burned it is claimed that these two substances would re main and could be detected, at least until they also were consumed, while the products of the consumption, carbonic acid and water, would be exhaled from the lungs. Now the truth as re vealed by these experiments is, that neither of these derivatives is detectable lathe blood, after the in troduction of alcohol into the system, although the presence of either of, them would be easily recognised if it were really there, while the ex halation of carbonic acid from the lungs is some times Increased and sometimes diminished by the use of alcoholic drinks. There is, however, one substance which is inevitably, and for a long time after,, detected in the blood and in the exhaled breath; one substance which the lungs, kidneys, and pores of the body are at once engaged in ex pelling from the system, and that is the unchanged alcohol itself. There is no mistake about that. For hours after a very small or a very weak dose of alcohol has been introduced, alcohol, and not a mere refuse of its consumption can be found in the system, or detected unaltered in its passage from it. "It was found in abundance in the brain, liver, and blood, of a vigorous man who died of the remote result of alcoholic poisoning thirty-two hours after drinking a bottle of brandy, notwith standing the use of emetics and other remedial means." The leperous dietilment, Swift as quicksilver courses through The natural gates and alleys of the body, And with accursed poison does infect The thin and wholesome blood. The investigations of these physiologists into the nature and operation of various anesthetic agents, such as chloroform, ether, and amylene, are important, as establishing the existence of very olose relations between those agents and alcohol. "There is not a single' point of differ= alasin their actions which can justify their be ing placed in different categories. Their special sanity for the substance of the brain and of the Ivor, is a most striking point of conformity.", " No sooner has" either of these agents " been re ceived into the circulating current, than it is treated as a substance altogether foreign to the body which is to be removed by the excretory or gans as 3apidly as possible. If alcohol is to be designated as food, we must extend the meaning of that term so as to make it coMprehend not only ether and chloroform but all medi • and • ewes poisons, in fact, every, thing which can be swallowed and absorbed, however foreign it may be to the nor mal constitution of the body, and however injuri ous to the functions. On the other hand, from no definition that can be formed of a poison, which should include those more powerful anesthetic agents,whose poisonous character has been unfor tunately-too clearly manifested in a great number of instances, can alcohol be fairly shut out." , Did our space allow, we should be glad to fol low out the article in the inquiry it institutes, into :the power claimed for alcohol of replacing food when the Supply of the latter is deficient. Here refer hnce is made to the various elaborate experiments blade upon himself by our countryman, Dr. Ham mond, the report of which we remember to have een,,iu the Antezietva siournaU of the itiedical 'Baena for October o 1856 These experiments are claimed as showibg, that while' alcohol is in jurious to the person:who is supplied with a suffi ' ciericy of food, it beneficial -in case of artinsuf : ficient supply, by arresting the waste of ihe tissues which is constantly going on in the body, and by thus lessening the demand for the formation of new Wide: ' There is . tiii - titialogotabliltrormado for alcohol as restraining the waste of the nervous system, under the wear and tear of continued anxiety, or prolonged intellectual tension. The reviewer considers it Tie'stionabfe "whether iled: hol can be habitually employed for either of these purposes, without, in the end, doing more _harm. than good." Certainly, a sufficiency of nourish ing food and theuninterrupted continuance of the, normal process of the metamorphosis of the tissues, is in every respect, preferable. On the principle , of "learning even from our_ enemies," we may notice 'that, in training for the ring, the prize fighter denies himself all indulgence in sprawls liquors, and drinks any amount of pure water, or fluids equivalent to it, in connection with his,ge-• nerons diet of animal food. " Tinder this regime his health improves wonderfully, he can bear any fatigue; morbifle causes are comparatively inope rative; injuries are recovered from, and for the time he is the, very type.of health and-vigor." 4. Let us then have a sufficiency offogd—supply nature with all the necessary materials on which to exert her marvellous power of assimilation, do not hin der' her in the corresponding process of casting off and replacing the worn ,but tissues of the;body;' and we shall moat effectually promote lealth`apd' ward off disease. • As to the best means of, arresting that excess wear of the nervous system with which mature in theie days of over-work and hurry finds'it difficult to keep pace, the reviewer comes to the same: con elusion with the sorely-tried Cowper, and repeal mends in place of alcohol: "The cup which , cheers but not inebriates." He • even adduces the re-" triarkable fate, that in the first Arctic Expedition' of Franklin and Richardson, whenprivationhad,. reached its extreme point, and there was a choice, between tea and alcohol, the former was preferred on account of its more constant and more lasting benefit. Thus we see, that while temperance men as such are inactive and disheartened, .the independent and impartial investigations of science are laying a broader basis even than before, for the physical branch of the argument, which has always been re garded as strong; and powerful opponents, are frankly avowing the convincing power of the , ex gumerif, thus reinforced; ited'even. giving their aid in disseminating it HOME MISSIONS-A' PLEA FOR FREE DOM. A number of our Western Presbyteries have acted on the above subject, being driven to take special and immediate measures, by the unfriend- , ly attitude of . the A. 11. M. S. We have very little doubt that the result will be, through much trial, to develop a sense of inward strength and a spirit of independence such as our Church has not hitherto exhibited. The Presbytery of Marshall, Mich., is still co-operating with the A. 11.11. S. and endeavoring to raise, on -their own field,ly prompt collections, the entire amount appropriated' to their churches by the society, $600: -Rev. O. S. Armstrong, writing to the Evangelist, saga := it But this will be a.great lift, and we fear we may fail in part. We are all small r and have but four churches that are really self-sustaining. What shall we do if we cannot develop the means to take care of our missionaries ? Shall we allow them to quit the fields , which they have but just begun to occupy ? Can we spare from our feeble, but growing churches, any portion of that partial supply of ministration which, after much labor and many sacrifices we have but just now secured to them? Can we l l:lope that on; Committee at, Philadelphia can assume any portion of this work if it be to save from entire failure?" , The Presbytery of Coldwater, Mich., at a spe cial meeting held February 13th and 14th, re solved to endeavor to raise $5OO in the current year. This amount is to be placed at the disposal of the Presbyterial Committee, to whom applica- , tions are to be made by the'feel& churches. They resolved, furthermore, if the funds raised vvithin the Presbytery should.be inadequate to the wants of our feeble churches, we instruct the Presbytd rial Committee to apply to some 'other source, which they may deem beet, for'the deficiency. The Presbytery of Salaniazoo, in the same State; held a special meeting at the same time, and adopted a plan of action*as follows: • 1. That the Domestic Missionary work within. our bounds be efficiently, sustained by our own congregations. 2. That this subject be discussed in all our Con gregations by ministers and laymen before our next annual meeting of Presbytery; and an effort be made to increase the amount of collections for this purpose. ' 3. That the smaller chniches be visited and encouraged, • especially by the officers and laymen of the churches. 4. That this Convention now atlpoint a special Committee to carry out these recommendations. The. Presbytery of Crawfordsville also, have, by special efforts, raised enough the past year, to support their own missionaries. We bear thA the Presbytery of Cincinnati is pursuing a*similar course. The Presbyteries of Alton, Illinois, Wabash, Monroe and Dayton, are, meeting a larger or smaller portion of their'destitution themselves; and receiving supplemental help from the Church Extension Committee. This is the case with our church also in Missouri and Kansas. Many Synods are receiving aid both from the A. H. M. S., and the Church Extension Committee. A number of Presbyteries in New York sustain an auxiliary relation, more or less close to the Committee, some supplying their des titutions, and paying over the surplus, while others pay over the whole and draw out what they need. Very many other Presbyteries con_ fide their means directly to the Committee, and leave it to their judgment to disburie the funds. We recur to this subject for the purpose of making a remark or two on its general bearings. The substance of our view is that the main danger of our Church lies in any attempt to demand a stringent, uniform system, of Home Missions, by untried theoretical rules. That our Church will separate from the A. H. M: S. is a fixed fact That it ought to be allowed to, separate very much in its own way, is , another fact that ought to be fixed. We do not believe that , any Presbytery'or Synod will act very long upon'ad' independent system, but we are entirely in favor of any one that , Wishes to do so;trying the experiment. It will work as follows: The first year the Presbytery will be very zea lous. Every body will be alive, and the contribu tiODS, will be large. Missionaries will be .obtained and, paid, The second •year, the contributions will fall 'fill, it ' d, the missionaries be imperfectly paid, oh'ithe simple principle that what is every body's blisiiirsts is nobody's business. By the close of the second year, usually, sometimessoorier, 4 zew American 4"rtooktitrian Abtittritt, Orattotii.ol4 e and abfiut, certainly, by/the thirflear„, the Pli% tviil beigiven up,fand the Preabyteiylvill find a generali organic system to work .iinsier, biter, lesS friction, and With, a more ;Cifent..,freedom‘l• Eut,,by all Means, let every Presbytery or Synod try its own' method. There are three or four , methiala"TinW"itrfinfirindfliti'Vitlf — the , Church v Extension Committee, and probably,iVittle ipeal 4 t ..1 ingenuity could gevise'others,put t ,r ihe _ tistapt luntary tendency is tazgards a general system., viz.: *thei Mid inetlfericfineYlBllM' data' ifdiffinTrAind' recommending. to the .:central Tconimitt.ee -,the rap ; :-• polo tments wiLthe part-of Mal committees, trust ing to.the central committee the •proper distribu tion of the funds. ' • . This_'is so certainly the result of local experience that we are quite sure of the matter, if only each. Presbytery is allowed, without, interference, to make its own experiment. We., therefOre; fear nothing, except an attempt on the part of the AS) semidy-- , a consequence, if it, should be done, Of inexperience onthe part of the commissioners, to inaugurate a theoretical, stringent, obligatoryi system, ignoring existing institutions, voluntary . or ecclesia,stical, and insisting upon stretehi ng every Presbytery upon the seine Procrustean bed: . .:11;ii8 - would be followed by a. refusal to co operate with the. Assembly's Committee and the:growing.up sustaining of sethilantagenistic institutions; which: would be, kept - itrive" by the 'attempt "prevent them. We, have a particularly free,people... They, wedo not got4ern : them ; too much. A .great, euchts ecelesias tical Home'Missionitry CCinruitien‘in'oui`ChUrbh will be, if it' be managed rightly, 'eannbe temporised. , It cannot evolved 'theoretically, and abstractly. , It should gr9w at.re#, forrniqg ! graduallyits own rules and 'arrangements. Nobody should be forced, or even in? duly to'support it, unless they like it. , Givh, it 'ettryspont'a s teity enough, and it will. flourish. 3,5 / etfim people come auxiliary to it; umier.any form theyplease.. There is' great , Power in free. grewthn. lihe -pre- . senttendeney to ebelesiaitielini in Rome`Missions,* is the result of experience.' We believe that bar' people may be allowed to choose for:themselves.. Let there be the miainturn-of. machinery, 'arid the 2naximnan, of freedom, and'\the contributions to the Committee will steadily it:Crease at therate`' of ahbut slo,ooo' a year, until'they ch*sl6o' 000.. 'HE INSANE _OF PENNSYLVANIA. nEPORIT OF VOSPITALS. ' The Report of the' Pennsylvania Hospital for; the Insane," also that of the Trustees, and Supe 7 rintendent of the "State Lunatic Asylum of Penn sylvania," for 1860, haVe been laid on our table.' Dr. Thomas S. Kirkbride, Physician in' Chief arid Superintendent of the fermer, is also President of the Board of Trustees of the latter; and itis cer tainly a matter of congratulation, that hoth Insti tutions may thns enjoy the fruits of such wisettnad mature experience;:and such' excellent qualifica- , tions for managing , this class of unfortunates, as. those possessed by,Dr. Kirkbride. The "Penn sylvania 'llospital,"-which is the successor of the first organised attempt to treat insane per:lona in . this coun'ry; situated on Haverford Strept, be-: tween 44th and 49th Streets, in the western part, of ouz city, has bee% greatly improved,during the, past year. The male patients . having been.retnoved to the neWhoSpital year rigo,he Wardsifortnely , oc spied i%l' them hove gifirVBW.Y-4FPl?ovaie.gi. at, a cost ,of $25,000, and the, enlarged accommo dations thus obtained have been appropriated en, tirely -to the female department. ' The improve=' • meets thus made, have not only'added to the cora fort aid multiplied * and varied the facilities: - for entertaining the unhappy patients, bat , have allowed a more careful and discriminating classi-' fication, Which, maim? the .insaue, is a matter' of the first importance Drr Kirkbride and his- as sociates are indefatigable' n their efforts tolightek the mental hardens and scatter ,the brooding thoughts of their .patients, and fortunately ,they are pecuniarily in a position to carry out on a large scale, their kind and skilful devicea: Ex tensive and 1)41414 grounds, with walks, y and drives, and garden plots, surround the .palatial buildings; while within pare workshops,- a, gymna sium, a lecture room provided -a ith ningical in struments, and with the finest photographic views and apparatus, with Hare's 'OxyhydrOgeri -Light for evening exhibitions; with museums and read-. ing rooms, and sewing rooms, add receptionroonisp making a complete little world of happy influences" skilfully managed - to counteract 'the `madness; :the the' • melancholy; and the perversity of world wit in. In fact, the present condition of this noble, Institution . illustrates, in the. most remarkable manner, the entire change Which has taken'place in the views` held of iiisanity as a disease, and of the proper methods of treatment,and the, chance of final recovery during the p a st half century. .As to results, it appears that While under„privions ar- rangements in the Hospital at Eighth.' and Tine Streets, leas-' than ofie-third of the 'patients *ere discharged cured, a trifle less than one half of those in the new, HOspital haia,returned ; tp their homes cured ;, .and while one in. seven :died at 'the former place, one in nine died at Oa latter. ' The Institition now contains iwd;hiindied and four patients. • The, "State Lunatic Asylum" at - Harrisburg; hasibeen= iri , pperatioh but a' little oa - er,.nine Y,eare: At theelbse of YearlB6o, there Were dred and ninety-one patients in Institution, which is about the numberit isealculated to tic ; eommodate. S. The Superintendent and:P.hysidmn, Dr. Ourwen, presents, some very iinportant.iieivs on the causes of inianity in his RePort. • He Says " The fact is well 'established' by the most esters= sive statistical inquiries, that a large portion of the idiocy and imbecility in the community, has jots origin in the intemperate habits of ode or both of the'parents." He also calls attention to'the im portance of healthful methods of finnily and School training, ,leading to early, habits of, obedience and self-restraint, and a regular and equable develop ment of the powers of the body and. mind. He fully recognises the value of religion in this Pro cess, whose teachings should "be most assinnonslY infused into, the mind, and enforced by precept and example." , The intellectual powers are educated "to the almost total neglect of the moral." More than all, however, we regard the sentiments ad . vaneed in this Report on the preValent systems of common and high-school education as worthy of seriousattention. ."Anothez,practicamore der trithental tothe mind; because acting more directly on its powera, is that 'cif` giving the scholars' toe many branches of studs' at one time, and reqniring them in consequence, to devote to their acqaisition, much of that time:which should be given to- exer-. else and recreation." This method of teaching, leads te , the formation of superficial habits of thought, and a taste for light literature, enervating the powers of the mind and preparing it to suc cumb to the trials' 'arid .disappointmentsof Our school auperintendente contriillerS"tru.s-: 2 , 'tees, corps o -- , able pro segs,4lteaeksm should )ake warniu j. for, in is viet, instead of really 'educatinttlity VI distra in& olerbilsgring and ...-1 ~,.., weikening‘h,e'yTuthful Z . d.tylthe , nualber and variety of studies they are rratosikg r •upait it, and are sowing the seeds of insaniig in ilte next geite -4ratkonvo-4,oo.4wmiltemnesmoorwrwpww•rowlwamwsva"...,,,,, e f yAs to tbir7usri finitriti these two Insti /it . ) . t . tutiotts, it ma m ei , , Sif reaaerso state, a . 0 t ' 4 = . .: .. i. -- . out of-a total of 280 cases, there were but 36 AtlargyirlitirtinelillirdflifiliiffrirdlliiirttrOf tbe,whole number. of,cases are attributed to reli gious excitemeatAlvkle of, atbysiciaas and stu dents ,of medicine ;theta iirere. 59, and of lawyers and law students 42, :; „ ':, . : : ~,. OUR WATER , DEPARTMENT. The Chief-Engineer .of the,•Department for, supplying the city with, water, Mr. ,Birkinbine f , has. favored kis „with e copy cf,his.extended. and valuable , report. . It is, in, fact,..two distinct, do. cumente; one, the regular, anneal report, of, the, de,parkment, and the - other,,a specie' report upon, the, experiments madeeivith turbines, with slim to disec7ering • the ,wheel most suitable trod ucticiOn the e t xtensicerof Fairmount works , now jki• progress. ..The supply of a great city witli, All, abundance pure, water, an, object , v!.ect,by of the,,l3est, eorgics,of,a municipal go vernment. 1 to'-the successful used' , tbejacilities. sum by.nekurelpthe two, large strew wbic pcirejetwthat our, city,. in,great part, owes jte wOrldtwide celebrity for health ~and , cleanliness,i,aud prosperity-, asti;`, manufactur4g. ernpoiurn. L In, no large citria tbe-worldjs good water-;so' abtindant: and s'n chesplpfurniabed 13utlthese very attractions, bringing, ,at rapid increase; , of population , and of manufactkirers upon khebanks of our rivers, not only increase.the demende, but enhence the , difficulti z ek,Of keeping the Supply pure- •We ,are fglad, therefore,:td ,sec: the exer-L cise . of so ..,knuch.iforethought in , the: thief-en-, gineer, as,* shnwn: by lis,mitintennd extended: , inquiry ,• into:i.the evatiousc eotirces 'of c: impurity, now affecting, , or,:hereafter; likely- to ',affect, the= waters of. thetSchuylifill, and his highly practi pal ,enggestions, in ,, Liegaid to • counteracting? them. 1 TUB remarkable , hoer , trifling , thesc „phritieir itt , •-preseirk 'but every. Year they! will, grow m or& serfous, and I, there is' nothing. like taking-them -!l''t whole document is a credit to the 0144,nd:the department. .311 r. Gedd es, , :the-printer*iilene t-his work , wel1:1 We „quote.° feiretatiskies" sn Average 'deny; inppli of water front all the works the r yder" 1830, 20;382;066 gal= lons. • Eirtendittittef9f 'the t ye'ar32s2;so6 23: Receipts far' tile yeer,45•57',121 - 76:' I The total` of profitijristly' pinnate) the account' of the de; pertinent; during the present • nrgeni ietion; for. the 'three 'years' 6f 4 hir: Birkiithibe's'adminis tratidn;' is $1,115, Mi" 'fOi ` three 'Tit4 l. ceding yeitik, *add at $568,943 23; a hand§ode =,!. 7 , I,`• 11.14N,N5 OUR I SOUTtitRIT'''RE - LIGIOUS 'Ex. • OICATGES: ,- wg, "of our crouteuiporariest , iwthe Carolinas"' havetieen payiegitheir , respects to the AMBECP , OAN Paesexteamamteeently'.li.One;of themithe de*" DiaiNTßAtir Of ,- ;Reale f , Garolizia, :.:haii: sufferedsitselfolpi43o ...spiee itiwe h opei to- u se. ianguage of vs ott* iwilbnott bear repeating in the gPlutnus•cif,-a Fjottrnalf . dehirink a reputation for •••common: _debeney. _::Tar's it:does, .withouf quoting, a , siegle'lline),of. tke;:eiticle'which has roused its ire, a course to which other papers in' the satnesregioadhavit not descended. ;We ask of •the Tok.sbop`e to plape;before•its4eaders dny part of,the atticlein.questiori.froni our Coluinns, and, side by side with :it, their ovra criticisru of the 22d, and; we will leave it to: South Carolina• readers to jodgeif, tbe: , kiosi:rernarks' of-the Telescope wcre cialed for:. ,d, ..1.:.: , j , i, ~ :0 ''.••i -.:••• OUR CORRESPONDENTS.. . Dr. Cornell argues the question of Ministers Disclosing Confessions On the first page. We fre quently inietibefiraMiciaciAel,•from'a:readiness to exhibit the:vicws:of cci*espondents, without inten ding therebrtelgi'veltlittinlitttlttittutilified endorse!: mutt.: in this"caqe we deed% tt necessary to say, that while agreeing with our. : correspondent on the ge , neral question, ) we,segircl,the particular -caie men . tinned att elided . :•by , such - qualifying circum stances, as to exemptit'frpm the' eperaticin of the titles laid ..;, 1 • ..We toay ber. observe that. the eopytight tached t0.Dr..1- - Oornelil'artielas is not designed 'to prevent!thOit'ilie wy . neWipaPers; &d.;, but - simply to ensure Co WO their e*. - s;ln§ikeiOspes,Sitin &ire' • , , The article headed Epitome of" it Tioordy-Yetite Residence in the , East deserves notice, aSiiresent log thelnatured' vieNis of••ap intelligent, ayman, late of Conitantinoplei upoia the. comparative•inftuence oftheerurkish and Russian Geverninent; upon the spread. of :the GOspelitt Turlrejr, and will render material'iid in settling the question tton whether the substitution of the on evernMentfor the itithei, would• facilitate, theo t work , of ,the: missionaries in the latter country!'"' second --i ; ar . ticle `designed inniejpartichlarlY,te4lo 704 iiiiit 911lili ence of Russ-m wills r.y appear fro ,e same pen 'NO I :are, sure f*ur, • readers ;will welcome thcspAkeontrihutionty fromfa'new source, to . our eolurhus. (.1:4:2. , ~ 1 ,: ~ .'. , .; c, .:, . • Teii LECTURE Rthlie§f4i S.V - . Chiiielt cor ner, of... Twentieth and Fitzwater Streets, we are happy to state, has been=,lcoinpletedi. and will, by divine permission, be'aedicitted- tvplabe of wor ship on next Sabbaths: , The Pastor, Reif James CaSkie;will preaeh in the morning t the usual . hour. Rev. Dr. hrainerdiwill preach in the after:. noon lit 31 o'cloCkland , Rev: Dr. Darling in' the eveningkatili , •o'cloclie. -We hope the friends of the church, and those Whoa? SiliWi'etigagetnents will permit, will be Piesent to ,share In, the exnZ cisesotf, this happy occasion ; and to : encourage, the brethren in, that-Church ; who lave still an arduonif but hoPefubwdrk upciiillteir hands; GEAIISAN STREET Viita t .:=- 1 11iprOp7os eon s.{,:;;E ;t •••• f 14114 Sabbath,we 119pq*.11. : be;renitimbefed-lyroar pasorie andv,e4i :Ali. r, r• .1?• .:,• ' , • _ -• .41 To D > rxQ riffs We aye Asending.our bills Ai, the presentinumberito-siteb , as are indebted for four +years: or•-miirei of aubs crcptian. • hope they will respoiid hY,,a remit 'tAr 'Or n Fart of the bill, or byin dieatiqgz,their igentions so to do. We shall wait to hear from - there f6 . 0 - I,Efee weeks. In case we are disappoiotedeyeAallltrikestheirinarnesfrom our t * ' list. its ~IC hat R. 7, MENIZIE o=l9llll =ZEE OMINIMMI EiliMMii ff ') For the A6eriden Presbyterian. 2; • EP1T0.716 O F TWENTY APEARS' RESI DEXCE; noritEk s ist In Stelabold 4 iind. Hop ancient version of the Psalms, we find a translation of Luther's hymn, embodying this earnest petition: ,-, ..epmcPreservetusoLordvyy4byilearmordi; ,, p.,,,....ainoo Fro Pope and iurk, defend us, Lord. Bb4wine' Wei the dead of he Moslem, had penetinle2l ei4reto distant and deagir' t England. ..,-..S.ub.sequentementaprovidentiallymheaked,thaad- Nrance of those Tartar hordes; but retrace the hu miliatinghhistOry of a few centuries and no one . ors By The superior' discipline of their janilaries; by a ruthless. fanaticism' whieVrenilered onset ir resiitible, the: sentence there is no Goilbut Godi and Mohammed is the'prophet of God, chanted from' tapering minaret and shouted - in , the 'carnage of battle, .hadinfused terror into the reit'Otoß, colter cif Europe. • " For'ivas not the . Mobaminedan yoke imminent' toihe waole Chriitiati : world;'uritil Charles Martell -=—only , nftOr d watering contest - of seven :days--' hadlorCed - the Saracend , respect the 'Pyrenees?. The:cresbetifinscathed= by:the Milli of the,Vati.:. can, which had causedsthe most powerful monarchs to itreritble—=glittered triumphantly over , the cross off the Crusaders. 'Unsamitified' lands . Were; (Id= 'filing the shrine of the` Holy Sepulehre; 'told an) Os; manli chieftain.,dietated.laws Au, the city of Con stantine. After annihilating the, united ,chivalry of FraUeOnd Hungary, on the plains of Nicene ; Hs bad not Bajazetthreatened. to feed his horse with ahushel of oats, on St. Peter's' alto; al ,Rome? Who was then thundering at, the gates of : Vienna, bht Solyman the Magnificent, by iihosi victorious arms .the Knights of Rhodes and-Malta.—those heroic warders of, Christendom —had nearly been. teiminated? • fortunately for the advance of e 3 vilization, at: the commencement of, the 17th century, the u tans . ,:intexioateA success, no longer d their' armies in. person, hut abandoned i themselves to the , sybaritic . pleasures of the harem. ,lbe,invincitile discipline sof 'the janizaries relaxed. 1 1'6 vow of ~.7 celibacy, which fur two _centuries. had ruled thi4 celebrated. corps, ,of ; renegades, was no 'l.opgpr en-, , forced, and ties ; rendered theMless eag,er, for the fray„ Influenced by entdity :they accept, A -and their ranks, no, longer renewed by captives, dr,by an _Odious, conseriptioe of the tithe of then Chris . subjeCts, became still further demoralized by volunteers, who were-allured the insolent license and. privileges ,of • this Order. s. Like their:prototypes,the ,Pimterian, guards, they nei only revolted,.. with lqud clamors for greater perquisites, but systematically, strangled every *o noxious, Sultan, elevatim , from a dungeon to the' throne, the next of kin, whom the jealous policy of oriental monarchs had kept,a, state prisoner. Then followed the disastrous defeat at Lepanto, where 36 . 114 of kiistriaAitterlY destroyed' the naval power of the Turk. . Such events paved the way far the decay of the' i Qttoinan Empire, but thelirolitnate cause maY , ,UndOnbtMlfi be traced totthe abolition' of"the feudal systeni in Europe, and-the Substitri-, don of regular' armies, in 'plane t ° the lawless of 4i4al 'barons; Who 'were' never"' able to cope with fanatic discipline. ,,, ~ t , Shorn fairest gdriqueits, for the past, hundred years, the Turlis have been battling or existence. Their wars have bean, defensive, not aggressive '.lslamism, like'an exogen ous plant; grows by exte'rUflajers, and has always dejiMadOci OnAfgreisivc.:eieLl Bl °Ua B 7a ti element of vitality, ` net'oninternal ciiltiire or the legitimate develop ment of ani i iiitrinSic' Worth. The sword--not. •, r earnest controversy; not the convincing logic o f tite'lOset-7-is the secret of ifs successful propagan-, weapon 'onee Sheathed, Mammy:lode, nisin rapidly declined; , and Turkey now presents the melancholy spectacle of a once powerful empire existing by the, condescending' sufferance of former , foes and by the jealbusy of their conflicting in terests. . , • lainisit is incurably diseased: its prestige for ever gone. Yet this hoPeless humiliation, so far from exciting pity, still ; provokes the fear, so quaintly expressed in the quotation at, the head of this article,--a fear, perhaps of .abated force, but as vindictive as ever. The youth, disciplined by nursery tale, will in manhood shrink from shadows which his sober reason defies. In like manner, the ghost of departed Moslem grandenr haunts many—even in this country. in, whom no intellec 7 . teal effort Candivest, pest successful,. from , present impotent fanaticism. assunie the character of apologist for an ut terlicorrupt government, is &thankless task, froni Which every Philatithrepist must shrink. Yet we Must solemnly protest against that Misguided sym pathifOr Russia, which is growing in this coun try, it the eipeitse of a corresponling" feeling tti-, wards Turkey. A sympathy eminently calculated to de harm, inasmuch ai" it hails the' usurpation" of the latter kincrdom•• bv:that colossal. Northern power; d-blessint to the "Human` than' raee and ''the s ti n a r n e it m y. eans : Of advaicing`th , ec&us? of - p;tirei."o hirs= .l - . ""firdareleuilitdie asinine thi&Subjeit fron'a political point of vie*, and Show how "Suchatilin2 toivaidevent Would 'be a gigantic stride iiiwirdS the Tulffinfent 'Of 'the : latter alternative `Of the elder NaPoleOn's-proplieey;thaVEUrepe one : day Wcnild either lbe C6ssack. Leaving; - how: such conicderations to European *diploma* Whhaxe Atfficiently' miediy' at 11faidirite encroaCh. ineitts fi c ve•p i ropOSes preve'hoW ilia' to' the freel dom of missionary enterprise:and 'the' spread'` of the Gospel" id the Haat, is the suPpOrt,' not the Cen talescence; of the' "biek'niiii?' - All aseimb- that the Turks haVe mitinifirihed in civilizatiOn, within the piementeetr tury and that the illitti j lliiiitayouti=-Or mina clidrin: libertaists , -virtue* deadletter.. At first. blu s h`,this "postulate Seenis platitible`; ' indeed the recent` horrid brutalities; enieted in Palestine, stand . an awkWard faet, that the dog will return to' But an eiceP tiortil which 06 , 76 i -the inibeeiliiy of the Ottotiiin 'govern Merit, 'rather than Its hostility to 'CliiiitianityiS more an drguictlit, than'thst the PreVedi . digmal l einAition efatrairs neaiiihnnie 'denitotiaiatea r •tie iinionndheiSoia RepUblican ferin `ofikoViiisiiient.` Eireti' intelligent twenty years' resident in the East in half an hour's` conversation,"convince the most Skeptical that the Turks have wonderfully im'praven`"bot'li'in'`civi'lizatiou`'slid"`i¢i~orals -that commerce and- 'international intercourse have rubbed off many barbaretiainerustations—and that religious toleratimris greater among them, than in the majority of ,European countries 7 -eßnsiiiw not even , excepted. : The Post affirms that !‘ in the tolerance accorded to religious !Sellers, Turkey is `far it advance of many Ciyistian states." Again: =' The practice of the Sultan, though a , Mussulumn, is more Christian and'tolerant than that of Czar:- though , ihtted f ughcalling himself a Christian?' TlietSUltri. ii !t , ll9 N. 0, 0 .the victims of his cc-reiigionists'in India, 31,1fextiSpaili an Naples, when' Russia, an & .:even Proteitant Pitessia, sent nothing for their relief. Political refuge's swarm` in ConstaConstantinople,ll.!.4 "smith :btained a protedtion from Abdtil-mejid which was denied to him by Christian monarchs. What could be more magnanimous, than playing the ge- . 'ffetelirhoit it the 'earenge'orfeiciiiiiiklitifilitgall enemies? Yet, contrast this magnanimity with thc treachery of the Saxon court, 'which—acting •in the light of police-constables--delivereinto Aus .Trian'liands" the" iragarTairia:triot, count Teleki. The Jews, banished from Spain.. by Perdinand, at a time when the-whole Christian `world united in persecuting that unhappy race—received a kind welcome from.the Turks, who , treated them so much like guest*, that this epithet still clings to them; in: contradistinction to the Christians, who are called rayahs,. or subjects. The discontented Greek, under the Turk is far betteroff, tbawunder his own government. Keenly alive to his Own interests, no wealthy :Greek "remains"-in Athens; but pursing the insolentlrapacity of a:Bavarian court„, betakes himself •to theriprotection .Of the mtch'abused Sultan, and exhibits the base ingra titude of a traitor by seizing: every occasion .te vilify, his _ benefactor.. . r Within our own recollection, many immoral =stores 'peculiar' to the genius Of oriental society, but gibssly offensive to its purity, ,are no ledger sanctioned.' 'hi' those & l ye; 'the induce;nent' to einbrace 'SIM:W*Bm was greatl. for such an act of--' fe'ctifallY•Profeeted" the convert from the penalty of any crithe' he may hairs ceintelited! Stich' conversion; however haSty orlntereited, was al= Ways regarded- tis' binding; every relapse' to" the' Original 'faith' bribe' new disciple being punished' with &Capitation: In mest crowded thorough fare- of the Capital, We haVe'seenthelidadlesi trunk of an Arineniati, 'who, in tithe of -l treuble, having turn'etr . lquisulMan to eriCape clamorS . of his creditors, on sober second i thO t ugliVoPeni'fieOinted his.apiiStacy, , and acre *off thwhated turban, which every renegade had to' assuMe. Every Christian cemetery-contains the graVes Of such victims, on whoie tombstones :are-- sculptured,•irr-rudezbut!gra, phic:bas:relief,.the iandman mane: of their martyr. &am. ' mit , only mity.ehristian subjects embrace Whateverreligion they prefei, :buts even converted Mohammedans :openly walk the , streets in safety; questioning, in Crowded ferries, the inspiration of the Koran, and "reasoning of righteousness, tem peranCe, and , jildgmentlo come' in the mansions of the noble.--.. Our -missionariee roam unmolested over,the empire:and spy out the land, with no ne cessity of hiding On louse 'tops, or. under "stalks Of flax.? - The Bible, translated in -every oriental tongue, is printed and distributed , with;the'utniost freedom, both at the capitaland in the provinces. It, is seen in the hands .pf :the -courtier, and, pub licly read in the bazaar., Recently 'a eolporteur excitectso much interest, by , the contents of his knapsack, among, the imperial .guard, : who were stationed _on ,duty at the. gate of .a. royal rnosque i that the trumpet call passed unbeeded, .and they barely . had time to drop in, their ranks, and, pre sent arms,to the S.ultan, as he issued• from .his.de votions. ...Meanwhile the colporteur with his bOoks was, the, confusion of .the moment, enclosed in the same,hollow , square with his majesty. Imagine the - .Czaes.household troops indulging in a similar heterodox recreation • Not m any years: ago, bigoted mollalts , , , or Pri,estsl bp gifts .of playthincrs would entice Christian children to repeat, often ,them the ereed f of,tho faithful,,andthen intruedip,tely claim the innocent catechumens:as converts, in spite of the tear.sund pray,crpofflicit.pa.Kents„ Among our, earli4st re miniscences lathe =mortal terror which absorbed our,thoughts fey days, lest, some Turk had oyer 7 heard us inadvertently repeating out loud this ter rible„creed, from a Sabbath-school book, near an open window. Such atrocities happily no •longer exist; ; ~the. mantle, falling from Moslem shoul ders, has alighted on a professedly Christiarechnrch, whosemonkish minionsproselyte Mortaras through. similar generous weapons. ,G r ranted,that it is still highly dangerous for a Christian, to repeat this creed. in the crowded squares of Stambul we ask what life insurance,, company would give a policy to ,that man, who should previously ,intlinate his intention of openly inveighing against the ",Bless ed Virgin". in the Irish -purlieus of Philadelphia? Christian subjects in ittirkey have ;their chart ered, righti, and 'ilijoyrecognised guilds and * , cor porations. The ,sublime, Porte, _however intole . rant.ofany recusancy from the ranks of the faith raFely per SS opposed , her Cliriqiill com munities in.making proselytes,irom one ntuither. When religious persecutions:have occurred, they were invariably traced to the bribes falsehoods or menacmof the three , rival sects, Greek, Catholic and. Armenian • who-.thus stimulated ; their mas ters,,_either to oppress one another, or .united to nip Protestantism in-the, bud. , More,than one vi olent persecution, and numerous acts of individual oppression could be-clearly traced toitussian enee.: cloven foot has so often_ been Promi nent, in, all the religious,disturhances in, the, East thst/it,has passed lotio a.,,proverh, To borrow the lanuage,of_the "Daily News,''"She breeds dis : . Content among the Christians, and forwards to the world, fearful accounts,of the persecutions, which barely e*ist, but inriame.". ;Epp the English, cautions in the wrong-place and misledby Russo phobia ure'encouraging the, Turks,to : ,turn a deaf ear to:thoi4:leumnds,of the B,ulgarlanmilliona, who now threaten, to• go over to the Catholic :church, uniess,nertain ecclesiastical abuses are redressed, which the, Greek Patriarchal Synod imposes on them.. Could Russia ever be so infatuated a,5 7 .,t0 instigate her., own co-religionists to desert their mother 'church?. ,To the charge of "oppressed Christians" which is trumped up by so many re lioous newspapers, let it be deemed a sufficient reply to quote from the : Levant Herald, whose manly editor has the, courage to be impartial even when ,it clashes with his interests. "The abuses from,which the Christians of the empire suffer, are immediately referable to their own superior clergy These Are the; vultures who prey infinitely more retuorsely on the vitals of the ' . oppressed' rayah, than,doeweither pasha, oaimaeau or mudir." An opinion prevails in' enlightened , comma. -pities, that a. Sincere Mobarnmedan"measures his zoonsistency . by a corresponding hatred of( the Ohristian. To expose.' this fallacy:, it -swill. be NES= :sufficient tornake some short extractsfrom a highly interesting correspondence, which pissed' between -two rigid - enthusiasta and Mussulmans ofthe most -uncomprotnisine type, .'Schaniyl,,the .1% Circaisian and, Alid-el-kader; the renOWneil. AlohHsh !chieftain.—botheiiles—betlithe victimitof Christ ian ainbition Ind both. sWorn foes 'lay the infidel yoke: .iThe - dititer recentlylonored- by. Louis. Paleonl with .the cross of , . theAtLegion Honor, for extending a gallant: protectionao- the: Christians at Danaascus, received a .cmirteous:message help, Schamyl, corepliment t inglis humanity in the fol lowing ' '"oi, • = 4YK;IIIqOP4I% _ my lace r before smooth, has b.cextArizkklejkti,the recital of the lamentable events of Damascus. I ;then said, evil hati taltiri - pc%session of the sea, a n d of,the continent. No i‘ it is not for the interest o f God, but for their own,Abif the ISlU:sulman s o g Damascus have done ,thoie things. What hand s had the governors over' their - eyes? Why h ue they swamirecrinatal' — Why have they forgot tea' these words of the Prophet: ' IHe who shall coi n _ mitiutuatiee.towards a Christian; he who shall refuse him his rights; who shall compel him to d o What isliejOnd his Strength, and shall rob hint o f his property, I,' sap the Prettlet, will b e hi s accuser at the day' resurrection.' How fi ne i 5 this expression. When I heard that you had spread out the. winga.l?9rnY and kindnes s to protect the Christians, and that you had stopped those who sought to violate the Divine laws, I w as not surprised that you had gained the victory i n the arena of praises: I was content with you=. Abd-el-kader modestly replies, " What we bare done for the Christian was a religious duty, an d one of humanity." "We live in a time when few of the faithful , cause justice to triumph, and people have believed that Islamism inculcates cru elty, injustice and exclusiveness. My God grant us patience !" W. G. ANNALS OF THE POOR It is not as frequent as we would wish, dear reader, that we are allowed to visit in company the homes +sf the lowly, for, by circumstances over which we have no control, we have' been prevented from meeting. We hope though that you will keep up an interest in our efforts for the poor, and to-day again visit among them. HOPEFIII. IN ADVERSITY. Yonder in that old frame house there is one living, to whom we would like to accompany you. After passing up this wide alley, by the side of thehonse, and knocking at the door, w e will soon see her. Let-na first see the room— overhead is a low ceiling, bearing the appear ance of hills and valleys, and of great age, half hidden by the'yarn which- is hung overhead to dry. Yonder, in the farthest .corner, near the door of the stairway, is a high-post bedstead, screened from sight by a curtain hung across the foot, while near by it is a eook-stove throw ing out its generous warmth. Near to the win dow, and not, far from ourselves, sits Mary C. busily turning her wheel. During the last sum mer she had constant work at winding yarn upon spools, at the rate of seventeen cents per hundred skeins, producing from one to one and a half dollars per week,- film' which she must feed and plotha herself, and pay her rent of two dollars. and twenty : five cents , per .month; but since Christmas, things have'changed with her, for, week after week she earned but. forty cents each: She ran into debt, but is now in good heart; for yesterday her work: returned in full. Dear reader, the poor are not all beggars. The woman, with her gray hairs, though making but fortY cents each week;wnuld answer when we asked her ."how she was getting', along," that •• • • her baker would trust her, and when her work came again she: would Bay her debt. We, take pleasure in announcing, the receipt of the following sums and articles received since the writing of the last "Annals," viz.: B, 50 cts ; mites; $1.00; & Bro., $2l; six pairs of girls' shock 'We rare in want of a few more Sunday Seheoltenehers: at .1210 - Shippen St ' B. _EDITOR'S TABLE. In a beautiful l2mo. of 313 pages, Messrs. Car ter Faye: re,published -the blx.morn or REV. DA yrn SANnisatem,.by the author : of the memoir of M‘Chayne,..4o. - A. A. SONAR. It is a valuable add'itiin to our devotional literature. The bright example 'of zeal for souls Mingled with wisdom, whichit presents, is loath stiraulating and instruc tive_ .F.arly r iu his religious career, Mr. S. perused the life of Harlan Page .and it must be regarded as one of the remote effects of that extraordinary lifetfiat` Mr. S: So early and so vigorously applied himself' to the sante holy business, and finally sought in the gespel> ministry that degree of op portunity ;which is wanting in other pursuits. At the age • of,thirty-one, ho finished his career as a Missionary of the Free Church at Amoy in China. Christiaits,`Christian ministers, and all desiring to be-stirred' up to greater zeal for Christ, should by all means peruse the book. For sale at the Pres laytelian Book Store, 1334 Chestnut Street. THE BLACK SHIP,wrrH OTHER • ALLEGORtES AND PA.RABLES, by 'the author of the Voice of duistian Life in Song, has a forbidding title which wi hope will .not be taken as indicating the tone of the contents. These are most choice and taste ful,uttmetive to the young, and conveying excel lent' lessons 'in the most delicate and acceptable manner. • Published by Carter & Bros., in 18mo., on fine paper, - and with a number , of illustrations. For sale as above. Messrs. T. B. PETERSON & BROTHERS have laid on our table, the last volume of, their uniform 12tu'o: edition 011ie COMPLETE WORKS OF CHAS. Dwictirfs, - etibrabing the:Message from the Sea and thoUneomraereial Traveller; two tales in one. 339 pages.- _Priuelsl.2s. MAGAZINES AND`PAMPHIGETS. • _ LIT'I:EIiVE LIVING AGE , for this week, contains, as the opening" article, the 'commendatory review of hlotlefs.recent History of the 'United Nether lands, from the Edinburgh. The remainin g arti cles are.all seleatid with an eye to matters of pre sent iya paranionnt interest, kWh in the Old World' arid 'the 'New. TEik . Eutrukton, Pittsburg; for February, con tains, Elements of Chemistry, No. 2; The Clas oiPo- -Ocean Splendors ; Prusaian School System, N0.:3 0 5Le. The State, Teachers will fuld the 015- ..cial Department of this Magazine of great value. We thank the editor for his kind and spontaneous Votice - of ourselves: ; - : , 'BLACKWOOD'S BDTNBITRGH MAGAZIN'E forYeb. Hwy,. contains, School and College ; Life; Car thage and its Remains; Spontaneous, Generation; The Trans-Atlantic TelegraPhr-leeland Route; Neiman Sinclair; Biographiei - Drarnatica; judi cial 'Finales; - The - Foreign' Seoretary. :Leonard Scott &Co., New,York4 ;W. B. Zieber; Philada. HARPER'S WEEKLY, for March 2d, contains two miserable caricatures, in, one of which a cum rhimion scene 'is trifled 'with, and in the other, Mr. .Lindoin is represented. :in as mean and unworthy an attitude as:any, rebel artist from the Gulf States ; mad lave drawn ;What is the matter? THE SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN is giving to its readeriProf. Faraday's six lectures on the Mani cal'.HiitOry 'of a Ciliate adapted to 'a juvenile au 'nUmerous illustrations'. - THE NATIONAL PREACHER fOr, March contain; a - sermOn on the Divine Incarnation by Rev. S. Spear, 'U D. THE` EGLECTIC MAGAZINE for March, W. 11. :Bidwell,::Etlitor and Proprietor. it contains akticlesixtrefully selected from the rich and abun dant trea.sures of English magazine literature. The Lord embellishments are John Russell, and Shaks ,.l, . pare before Sir Thomas Lucy. . STUDENT 'Airn SCHOOLMATE for March. Ga len; James- &.00. - 15 COrnhill; Boston. 'This Va luable Monthly ;or juveniles, is conducted upon the. principle .of skilfully and constantly inter s 'eavin.,instruetion with entertainment. Among As regular contrilintors, we notice the well known name of jieo - li Abbott. It has recently been en large(' to:40 pages Monthly. Price $1 per annum. YOUTH'S CASKET^ AND PLAYMATE : another Boston Juvenile, conducted by William Guild Lc Co ' Vidited'li'Mitil Forrester. Epes Sargent Y doneribi&s 'article to -the February number. ThiA'copiti-forttwo dollars per annum. • March 7,
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers