I.4. THE - GETtYSBURG COMPILER, Democratic Family Journal, I$ rrnmsuED EVERY MONDAY MORNING, BY lIICARY .7. STAHL& “ Truth ii MostAly, aid Will Prevail.”. TP/RILi OF PUBLICATION.-4110 per an num. If pald, strictly IX ADVANCX—OX 50 per an. Aau if not paid to advance. No sulairription dia eeetttlue I, unless at Doi option of the publisher, wntil all arr‘etrires are paid. ADVERTISEMENTS inserted nt nxual rate.. JOB PRINTING of all Wade demi with naattless Ind dlapateh. I OFFICE hi Routh BnAtimore si4ot, bittween Uhl Ile and High, near the Port Omee--"Compf. lir Printing Ogled" on the algn: Professional Cards. Dr..T. 0. Kinser, • HAVNG located 'permanently at 130 , 7- AtI4IITOW:i, Adams county, will attend c _mtptly to all prufessionul Calls. d ty or night. vi.d.ui at John Lindis's, where he can always e foun•i, unless professionally engaged. Aug. C, 1968. ly tor. F. Q. Wolf, TTAVING !netted nt EAST BERLIN, Adams I`i county, hope, that by strict attention to his prof-83i onal duties he may merit a Oistre of the public patronage. [Apr. 7,'66. tf Dr. C. E. Goldsboroash, AMPCO V, Adams county, PA., renews his offlr of prolessionsl services to the puul,c, •ni Oise requiring mediiml and sur gical aid will find it to th , it interest to con suit him. [May 21 , 18G6. tf -- - - Dr. J. W. C. O'Neal's rkl"FICII and Dwelling, N. E. corner of Ral lJ timore and high streets, near Presbyte rian Church, Gettysburg, Pa. Nor. 30. 11303. ti Dr. J. E. Ensor, HAYING locAtod on the Hanover pond, ONE MILE E 4Sl,' OF GRANITE 114,1, P. 0., NJuutplegisant township, AI tins county, Pa., offers his profegsional services to the public. Jlll2O 18, 1.860. 3m . Drs. A- B. Dill &B. F. Herman , Tr associate] themselves in the practice of Medicine and Surgery, and respectfully tender their profeSsional services to the citi zens of Petersburg end vicinity. - Petersburg, Y. S., July 2, 18e6. Dr. D. S. Peffer, AII6OTTSTO WY, Adams county, continues the p:actice.of his profession in all its branches, and would respectfully invite all p•rsoes affl;cted with any oid standing dis eases to call and consult him. Oct. 3, 1804. tf J. Lawrence Hill. M. D, AS hisioffice one ro it door west of the L thoran church in rr Chamhers):nrg• street, and opposite Tit. C. llorne•'s whet'e thLse wi3hing to, totve Car p•rt , tr.u.-1 are rei{,ert fully invited to ciii. ltarsuaqnsi: Drs.•lior uer. Rei. C. P. }Crouch, D. D., Rev. B.i r li•r, D. D., Reit. Pruf. 11. Jacobs, Prof. L. L. Soarer. Gettysburg, April 11 , '5 J. C. Neely, ATT3RNICT AT fd.l9.—Particutsratten tioit paid to collection of Pensiong, nty, nmi li.ch•pny. Orrice to tLo corner ul the Diamond. I==l33l=l D. Mo,Conaughy, ATrn ;NST AT LAW, olli•e one door west or 114ehter's drt 't store, Chum. beriourg street.) A Sow:Prot ?ult. PATIVr. asu Parrs y Laud War rt uts, 134 A-pay 8 thus, and all other elsiint against tnment at Wash ington, I) C.; also n claims in Eng fan Worran ted and sold, or bought, and b..rhest p 'eon. Agents en. gszel in Inciting - war in lowa, Illinois a Id other western State A;),)11 to him persoualle or br letter. ;•• Gettysburg, Nor. 11, '53. ifr" Law Partnership. DUNCAN Jr, J. H. WHITD, ATT'JIINEYS AT LAW, . . W:ll_ promptly attend to all legai business entrusted to them, including, the procuring, of Pensians, - Bonnty, Back Pay, &Mil all other claims against the United States and Suite Go•ernrnents. - in North West Cornet of Diamond, Gettyeburg, Penn'a. April 3, 1865. • tf Edward B. Buehler, A TTLllt`fliY AT LAW, will faithfully and pro•nptly attend to all business entrnst ed t, him, lie sie.tks the Gerinan language. •a at the same place, in South Baltimore street, near Forney's drug store, end nearly opposite Banner it Ziegler's store Gettysburg, Unroll 20. •IG lob e Inn, TOac sT., 111/43 TE, DIAMLIND, eIFITT YSBURG, PA.—The undersigned would most respectfully inform. his nu merous friends and the public generally, that he has purchased that long established and well known Hotel, the° "Globe Inn," in York street, Gettysburg, and will spareno effort to conduct it in a mauner that will not detract from its former high reputation. His table will have the best the market can afford—his chambers are spacious and comfortable—and he has laid in for his bar a full stack of wines - and liquors. There is large stabling attached to the Hotel, which will be attended by atten tive hostler.. It will be his constant endeavot to render the fullest satisfaction to his guests, making his house as near a home to them as possible. He asks a share of the public's pa tronage, determined as he is to deserves: large part of it. Remember, the "Globe Inn" is in Yon street, bat near the Diamond, of Public Square. SAUD - EL AVOLF. April 4, 1864. ti Railroad Souse, SAR Tll6 DEPOT. HANOVER, YORK CO., PA. The undersigned would respectfully inform ibis numerous friends and the public generally, ,that he has leased the Hotel in Hanover, near she Depot, formerly kept by Mr. Jeremiah fCsibler, and will spare no effort to conduct it Om ain tier that will give general satisfaction. Nis table will have the best the markets can etlYord—his chambers are spacious end com for:able—and he has laid in for his bar a full *Lock of choice wines and liquors. There is tabilog for horses attached to the Hotel. It will be his constant endeavor to render the fullest satisfaction to his guests, making his house as near a home to them as possible.— He asks a share of the public patronage, de termined as he is to deserve a large part of it. Aemember the Railroad House, near the De pot Hanover, Pa. A. P. RAUGHER. Oct. .2 lads. tf Cannon's Ag - 81 4 4 W ORK 8, Da Baltimore street t Nearly Opposite the Coed House, GETTYOI3IIII.G. P 4. livery description .of work executed is the finest style of the srt Jane 4, J&5, tt Great Reduetion in Prices. F LEINESTOCK tHOTHEES are now selling GOOD CALICOES AT 121 CENTS, REST UNBLEACHED MUSLIN AT 28 OTS., and all Other Goods in proportion. .If you want OHBA? Goods, now le the tint to buy theca. at ouee. etttyabarg, Ma FAITr. , 68 ITIB 18 TOOK BROTagR9 VI. GOLD, ISILYXX, STEEL, and qtber • • $ P-X CT•AO L X 3 ; to suit all yeti alwevFou baud, and - fitted to sight., ._ . ... J. BEVAN ; :,40onestte the Bank t filettro b urir. A 8173330.4c1ity of the heat Louden Dna will Or without fauteu .") flir Ob. _: . Ip e asoultr 4 *A. - il . 0. , .. 1111 P. , , . . ' .-,2 - • , %ft..' . I • . . . ... .1 1 . i 1 r pf - 5 urg ------ - BY X J. STABLE. PVI3LIC SALE OF REAL AND PERSONAL ESTATE.— The subscriber, by rime of authority coulainad in the will of Pit WWI, Sep., de ceased, will offer at Palk. al., on the prem ises, on SATURDAY, the let day of SEPTEM BER, 1866, The FARM of said decedent, situate;in Ger, away township, Adams county, on the public road leading from Littlestown to Sterner's Mill, about 1i miles from Litt.lestown, adjoin ing property of Jseob Pitzei, Joseph Staley, Solomon Menges and Sylvester Hamer, and containing about 100 ACRES. The improve ments are a Two-story LUG WSA THERBOARDED HOUSE, Log Barn, with Wagon Shed and , Corn rf..." • Crib attached, Bog Pen, Welt Water near the door, Apple and other fruit trees. About twenty. five acres arc well coy ered with Timber. There is a suitable pro portion of good Meadow Laud. The farm is under good tend n g., At the same time and place will be o'nel for s.tle the following articles of persrnal 0- perk); : 1 Bureau, Table, Bedstead, i'evilier bed, ke., Stove and Pipe, Quilting Frame, Spinning Wheel and Reel, Pot, Itack, Ice., Iron Kettle, Churn, Benchaud sundry other articles. ger Sale to commence at 1 o'clock, P. NI., on suid'sday, when attendance will be given cud wine made known 'by \ • JOSEPH A. WOLF, Aug. C, F A F j or S Ezezutors offer at Fl lowing rl A FAR. 111:011 :ount of John ‘I and other, Ile.tduw. story FR. tt half stor , Curn Cril young ill springs of Persons requt stet] remitting w Atte'Ste on said d and terms made known•br JCHN BLOCHER, ELI BLOCHER, Executors. July 10, 18C6.' ts• `The undersigned offers his FARM, in Mnuutjoy township, al private slain ; 7.71 acres, with good House, Barn, first-rate 'Well, July 30, ietai. JOHN BLUCHER. A Small Flirm AT PUBLIC SALE.—On SATURDAY, the Ist day of SEPTEMBER next, the under signed will offer at Public Sale, on the remi ses, the FARM us which she reidlcs, situate in Climbs rlAnd township, Adams cuunte, on the Taneytown road, two miles trout Gettys burg, adjuniims ' lands of Leonard Bricker, George Spangl er, Jacob-SwiQher - and others, and containing G 2 ACRES, more or less. There are about 12 acres of Timber, rind about 10 acres of Meadow. The impr3ve meats are a Two-story LOG 145,, 110 USE, with a One stuiy Stone Li 04 Building attached, Bank Baru' , o r Wagon tihed, Hog Pen, and other a„, out-buildings i an excellent well of water at the door, and a good Apple Orchard, with an abundance of other frutt—Peaches, PeArs, Chefries, &c. , Persons wishing to view the property are requested to call at the dwelling. ily.:"S'ale to commence at 1 o'clock/P. M.. on said day, when attendance will be given and terms made known by SARAH PATTERSON. Darn not sold, it will be offered for rent on said day. [Avg.'ii, 18G6. is Soluble Pacific Guano. 2SOLUBLE PACIFIC GUANO V contains 70 lbs; animal matter,yielding, 7 to 8 lbs. ammonia. Also 80 to 901bs. earthy bone Phosphate allinte, 30 lbs. of which are soluble phosphate. It combitr".s all the advantages of the, beet brands of SuperVhosphate, with those. of . Prt ruvutn Guano. .1 . By reason of it s greaser coneenfralton, we re commend 20 perict. lens by worfg,ht to be used per acre, than bf any fertilizer costing, the same per ton ; and no more per acre than of those selling at 20 per et. more per ton.— Hence ile,econoiny. This gui‘no weighs 65 lbs. per bushel, hence in applying it farmers must be governed by weight and not by bulk, for ills much lighter than the Super Phosphates. Every cargo duly impaled. JORN S. REESE k CO , g GENERAL AGENTS FOR TtiE SOVTR, 71 South Street, Bultitnore " Flour of Hone." WVE will give e."rnoney guarantee of The purity of this article. It is pure un steamed, unburnt bon., reduced to the fineness of ?Your, which adds 100 per ct. to its value. It is as quirk and active as acid diesoloed bone, hence its vallie is vastly greater, because it contains neither acid nor water, which neces sarily add weight, and redace the quantity of valuable elements. We recommend 250 lbs. to blftsed in place of 300 lbs. Super Phosphate , or dissolved bone. JOHN S. REESE k CO., GENERAL AGIS,NT3 FOR TIIK SOUTH, 71 'South Street, Baltimore. serlfcCardy k Diehl, Agents, Gettysburg. liar. 12, 1800. dm Cabinet Furniture. THE subscribers hereby inform their cue. tamers and the public generally, that they have now on hand, and continue to man ufacture to order, CABINET FURNITURE, which, for style and 'durability, finish and price, will compete with any in the county.— Our present stock consists of every variety of Furniture uenally kept in a first. class Furni ture Were Room. Fashionible, ornamental or plain Furniture manufactured in the most substantial manner, by molt experienced workmen, and at the lowest cash prices. UNDERTAKING. Having a new .Hearne, par,ieular attention will be given. to this branch of their business. They are prepared to make and tarnish Collins of any desired quality, and attend Funerals at the shortest notice—and on such terms as Cannot fail to please all. The subscribers return theirs thanks to the public for the liberal patronage extended to them in the past, and hopeto meritand receive a continuance of public patronage. Shop and Ware Room third . building east of the Square. H. FETE 4 BRO. Littlestown, April 16, :866. tf Reduced Prices. PTANOS, CABINET AND AMERICAN OR GANS. Superior tuned 7 octave PIANOS from 4 5550 upwards. ORGANS from $BO upwards. 011 instrumeats" selected, re. commended and sold by me, additionally guar soled. Illustrated circulars sent by mail, when desired. P. BENTZ, N0..30 East Market Street, York, Pa. Mar. 12,1866. l i oweenee• D. Dietz & Co. • Iv WROLESALE DEALERS IN FANCY GOODS, NOTIONS, HOSIERY And ~ VARIETIES;: No. 308 West Biftimare greet, Between Warardit: Liberty Streets, wiz 7 3 an, VAltimcirelltd. El Superintendent'* Notice. T WILL exintina Teachers at the following I named times and places, to wit: Straban, flunteretown, August 18, 9 a in. Reading k lin inptou,llstnptun, Aug. 23, 1 pm. Ham Itoa, East Berl4 - 1, Aig. 2 4 , 9 a M. • Berwick bor., .A.l3hottstown, Alg. 24, 3 p m. I.l.rwiek tp., F.lder's S. fl., Aug. 25, 9 a tn. Oxford, New Oxford, A a 25, 2 p in. Butter, Middletown. Aug. 27, 9 a m. Nlenallen, Beitlersville„ Aug. 20, 9 ilk in. Tyron i e, He dlersborg, Aug. 29, 9 a in. Huntington, Petersburg, Aug. 30, 9 a in. Latimure, State Road S. It., Aug. 31, IC a in. Cumberland, Battlefield Hotel, Sept. 1, 9 am. Mountpleasant,pi uTh Run S. H., Sept. 3,9 a m. Conowago, McSherrystown, Sept. 4, 9 a an. Union, Sehildt's S. H., Sept 4, 1 p m. Littlestown, Bor„._Little.town, Sept. 5, 9 a m. Germany, Gulden's S. 11., Sept. 5, 1 p m. Mountjoy, Two Taverns, Sept. 6, 9 a m. Freedom, Moritz 's S. IL, S..pt. 7, 9 a m. Franklin, Milltown, Sept: 8, 9 am. • Hamiltonian, Fairfield. Sept. 10, 9 a in.' Liberty, Grayson's S. IL, Sept. 11, 10 a M. Highland, Charch S. H., Sept. 12, 9 a m. Agar• The time has cony a lien we mat have better Teachers—hence none but those well (pi 'lined will he licensed'to teach. F.X.1111415. toms will be m.We rigid and thorough than heretofore. Teachers will prepare themselves accordingly. 'Directors will please attend. AARON Sl' EF,LY, Co. Supt. Gettysburg, Aug, 6, 1866. to Frei! AMAaI. HATS, CAI'S, BOUTS & SBOES. •COUEAN & CO. have just received and opened another splendid assortment of HATS, CAPS, BOUTS and SILOES, for Summer wear, which they are selling at very low prices considering the times. The latest styles of Summer Hats and Caps, of etwy description and price. 1:. Boots arid Shoec, ;if superior make, midi; warranted to fit, alwa: icon Land. Work made to order and repairing done on short no tice, by experienced workmen. Also, lIAIINESS MAKING, carried on iu :111 its branches. Persons want ing an% thing in this line would do well to call. strlhatiorget the old stand in Chambers burg street, if you want Bargains. June 19, 1365 F,W GOODS A'r REDUCED PRICES!— A. scoTr k SONS have just received i iuther fine assortment of NEW GOODS, con siMg. in prt, of Cloths, Cussitueres, CAssi net Kentucky Jeans, and Tweeds, for Gen. tlem i's wen'r. Also, a fine assort i mntit of \ LADIES' DRESS GOODS. Our stacl has been selected with great care, and we ace prepared to sell as cheap us any other establishment in the country. We ask the public to give us a c.tll and judge for themselves. We-defy competition, bull as to quality and Pace. A. .5 . 1./UTT & Slat NS. April 2, lath% Pianos 7. Pianos lIITANos!—TIte undersigned would respect r to!ly inform the public that he can furnish PIANtIS of ,the following manufacturers, or those of other mal.e, it desired, at the lowest lio,sible prices: Ct-TI , JKIMING k SONS. DE('KER HIZOS. • AZLI , ,TOS 'BROS. HAENES BROS. GEO. STOCK. A. H. GAHM.: CO. - STEISWAU St SONS. fa - a... Particular attention is given to the se lection of ; and when sin selected, in ad t ion to the inalinbcturers' guarnntee, the Pianos are guaranteed hy me. MASON & HAMLIN CABINET ORGANS AND MELODIANS The recent improvements in these instru ments are snzli as to fully warrant saying they lire FAR SUPERIOR to any other make. One of the best evidences of their merit is, that their improvements are imitated by other makers. The new style, four stop organ, have a Sub. Bass and Octave Couplet, making it an instrument especially adapted to Church and Sabbath School purposes. will be sent by mail to persons desiring them. Pianos tuned regularly. Pianos e.tkert in et, change. PETER BENTZ, No. 30 East Market St., York, Pa June 12, 18 1 33. ly Carriage-making Business. THE war being over, the undersigned have ret , ume3 the C.NRRIAGE-11AKING BUSINESS, al - their old stand, in 'E .st Sltddle street, GETTYSBURG, where they are again_prepared to put up work in the tnost ftsbiouable, substantial, and supe rior wanner. A lot of new and second-hand CARRIAGES, BUGGIES, &C., on hand, which they will dispose of at the lowest prices; and all orders will be supplied as promptly and satisfactorily as possible. SarREPAIRING done with dispafch, and at cheapest rates. A large lot of new and old HARNESS on hand for sale. Thankful for the literal patronage hereto fore enjoyed by them, they solicit and will en deavor to deserve a large share in the future. DANNER. & ZIEGLER. July 10, 18G5. tt Buggies and Carriages. TIIS WAY I THIS WAY!—The under signed is engaged in theCarriage.making b.isineee, at the corner of Chambersbnrg West streets, Gettysburg, and invites all w do may need anything, in his line to give him, a call. He puts up, in the very beat manner, Falling-top and other BUGGIES, and all the different styles of (iA.RRIA.GES. With a full knowledge of the buiineas, and a determina tion to give sttistaction, the public can rely upon his jobs bang - good. He will endeavor to deserve a large share 'of patronage, and hopes to receive it. REPAIRING done at the shortest notice, and on m)st reasonable terms: - ear Country produce will be taken in exchange for work. E - GILBERT. Gettysbnrg, June 4, 186 G. Fresh Confectionery AND ICE CREA.II SALGOS. I 7 The sabscri her respectfully informs the citizens of Gettysburg an d vicinity that he has a_Contec tionery Establishment, _ otte door east of the Eagle Hotel, on Chambersborg; street, to which be would invite their attention.' C tkes, Candies, a. every description of Confections ' together with-Nuts, Oranges, and all kinds of fruits, always on hand. Parties, public and private, as well as fam ilies, will . ye furnished with all kinds of Cakes, Ice Cream, (in pyramidal farm or otherwise,) and other refreshmonts at their houses, hpon short notice. Raving spent a life-time at the business, he flatters himself that ho understands it and that he i 3 able to render entire satisfaction. Call and see his Confectionery. May 28, 1868. tf JOHN GRUEL. 6 6 rTNIVEMAI:OLOTHES WRINGER."— 10 Besides the great saving of Labor, the sating in the welr and tear of clothing in a single year, more than amounts to the price of this Wringer. It is strange that any family should be willing to do without it. For sale at FAHNESTOCK BROS., and at 0. H. BUM!. [Feb. 19. - • Cheese! Cheese 2 SWITZER, Limberger and English Cheeaa, can always be bad St JULEP LEIBO EPEI J Jane 11. - newt dbor to the Post 05100. TOIOES Itientragt) to silt the times at the _J. j celsi r Ellitlitirt 4, (it. 1:1 COI3EAN & CRAWFORD Fresh Supply. DESCRIPTIVE CIRCULARS The Far Famed GETTYSBURG, PL, MONDAY, AUG. 27, 1866. elgrist Aisrvilanz The Great Convention at Phil& delphia ! A DDRESS TIJ TUZ PEOPLE OF THE UNITED STATES. -laving met in Convention, at the city of Philadelphia, in the State of Penitsyl-; vtuda, this lath day-of August, 18661,,as ' the representatives of the people,Pfkall sections, and all the States and Teri.llhr/es ! of the Union, to consult upon the condi- : thin and the wants of our common court- try, we address to YOU this declaration of our principleA, anJof the'political purpo ses we seek to frolpote. . TUE LATI: WAR. 6ince the meeting of the last National Cmivention, in the year eventslinve occurred which have changed the char aeter of our internal polities and given the (WWII States a new place among the nations of the earth. Our Government has passed through the vicissitudes and perils of Melt war—a war which ; though _ __ mainly sectional in its character, has SOLE OBJECT OF THE. WAR. nevertheless decided political differences that from the very beginning of the Gov- In every message and proclamation of ern:nein had threatened the unity ofour . the Executive it was explicitly declared war national existence, and hag left its in t - , i that the was tom sole obect and urse of the press deep and ineffaceable upon all theiota ii the authority of the interests, the seutimenits and the destiny : Constitution and to preserve the integrity of the Republic. I of the Union; and Congress more than While it has inflicted , non . the Whole once reiterated tills solemn declaration, country severe losses in li, mild property I and added the assuranee that, whenever and has imposed burden` a which miler this object should be attained the war weigh on its resources for reiterations to . should cease, and all the States should come, it has developed a degree of na- ' retain' their equal rights and dignity timed courage in the presence of national unimpaired. It is only since /he war dal igere —a capacity for ini I i Lary organ i.. I was closed that other{ rights 1111V0 been zetion Inel achievement, and a devotion asserted on behalf of one department of people to the form off on the part of thethe General GeVbrnment. government which thEy have ordained, I ASSERTIONS OF CONGRESS. and to the principles of liberty which 1 it has been proclaimed by Congress that Government was designed to pro- I mote, which must eonlitm the canfiden that, in addition to the powers conferred of the nation in the perpetuity 'of its re ! G upon it by t the Constitution the -Federal publican inetitutions, and command the 4 overnmen may now clam over the States, the territory and the people in respect of the civilized wsised. -' Like all great contesti "which rouse the' solved in the insurrection, the right of war, the rights of conquest and of confls passions and test the eindurance of na- i cation, the right to abrogate all existing • trans, this war has given nefe'itenpe to I 1 governments, institutions and laws, and; the ambition of politl parties, and ; t art e deprivations as the legislative de to subject the territory conquered and its p fresh impulse to plane innovation and , inhabitants to such laws, regulations and reform. Amid-4 the c ps of conflicting I sentimente inseparable an such an era, I menus of the Government may see fit to while the public heart is keenly alive to impose. Under this based and sweeping all the passions that can sway the public chum that cicalae of the Constitution judgment and affect the public action ; I which provides that "no State shall while the wounds of war are still freili without its Consent be - deprived) of its e:al !deeding, on either side, and fears for, equal suffrage in the Senate of the United the future take unjust' proportions from . States," has been annulled, and ten States memories, and resentments of the past, it have been refused, and are still refused, is a difficult but 'an imperative, duty . representation altogether in both branch which on your behalf we, who are here es of the Federal Congress. And the 4.7 ambled, have undertaken to perform. i (emgress in which only a parf of the - ASSEMBLAGE IN AMITY. 1 States and of the people of the Union are For the first thue after sir long ;veers represented has asserted the right thus of alienation and of conflict, we have to exclude the rest from representation, come together from every State and every and from all share in making their own section of our hind, as citizens of a coin- lens or choosing their own rulers until mon country, under that flag, the symbol" they should comply with such conditions again of a common glory, to consult to- I and perform such acts as this Congress, gethur how teat to cement and perpetu- 1 ' thus composed, may itself prescribe. ate that Union which is; again the _object; ' That right has not only been asserted, of our cornsnen love, and thus secure the but it has been exercised, and Is practi blesehigs of liberty to ourselves and our, calla , enfereed at the present time. Nor posterity. ' dues it find any support in the theory In the first place we invoke you to re- that the States thus -excluded are in re-' member, always and everywhere, that , bellioh against the Government, and are the war is ended and the nation is again therefore precluded from sharing its au nt peace. , The shock of contending arms th - ority. They are not thus in rebellion. no longer assails the shuddering heart of , They are one and all in an attitude of the Republic. The insurrection against ; loyalty towards the Government, mid of the supreme authority of the nation has' sworn allegiance to the Constitution of been suppressed, and that authority has the United States. In no one of them is been again acknowledged, by word and there the'slightest indication of resistance I net, in every State and by every citizen • to thi's authority, or the slightest protest within its jurisdiction. We are no longer az:dust its just and binding obligation. required or permitted to regard or treat This condition of _renewed loyalty has each other as enemies. Not only have ! been officially recognized by solemn pro the acts of war been discontinued, and elarnation of the Executive department. the weapons of war laid aside, but the ; The laws of-thesUnite4States have been I state of war no longer exists, and the extended by Cone - all over these sentiments, the passions, the relations of States and the people . thereof. Federal wee, have no longer lawful •or rightful courts have been reopened, and Federal place anywhere throughout our broad taxes Imposed and leeled, and in every domain. We are again people of the respect, except that they are denied rep- United •Staties, fellow citizens of one resentation in Congress and the Electoral country, boned by the duties and oblige-' College, the States once in rebellion are ' tions of a common patriotism, and hfiv- ' recognized as holding the same position, ing neither rights nor interests apart as owing the swine obligations and subject , from a common destiny. I to the seine duties as the other States of our common Union. DUTIES OE PEACE. The duties that devolve upon us now UNRESTRICTED REPRESENTATION NECES- I are again the duties of peace, and uo lon- SARY. ger the duties of war. We have assem- It seems to us, in the exercise of the bled here to take counsel concerning the calmest and most candid judgment we interests of peace ; to decide how we may can bring to the subject, that such a claim, most wisely alai • effectually - heal the 'so enforced, involves as fatal en over wounds the war has made, and perfect throw of the authority of the Cunstitu and perpetuate the benefits it has secured, I tion, and as complete a destruction of the I and the blessings which, under a wise 1 Government and Union, as that which and benign Providence, have sprung up was sought to be effected by the States in its fiery track. This is the work, not and people In armed insurrection against of passion, but of calm and sober judg- them both. It cannot escape observation ; meat, not of resentment for past offences that the, power thus asserted to exclude prolonged beyond the limits which' certain States from repreeentati on is made Justice and reason prescribe, but of a lib- ; to rest wholly in the will and discretion eral statesmanship which tolerates whatof the Congress that asserts it. It is not , it cannot prevent, and builds its plans ' made to depend upon any specified (m -end its hopes for the future rather upon ditions oretreumstatiesee, nor to be subject a community of interest and ambition ' to any rules or regulations whatever. than upon distrust and the weapons of , The right asserted and exercised is alma force. I lute, without mutlification or restriction, not confined to States in rebellion, nor to States that have rebelled ; it is the right of any Congress in formal possession of legislative authority to ekelude any State or States, and any -portion of the people thereof, at any time, from representation in Congress and in the Electoral College, at its own discretion and until they shall perform such acts and comply with such conditions as they may dictate. Obviously, the reasons for such exclu sion being wholly within the discretion of Congrees, may change as the Congress itself el all change. One Congress may exclude a State from all share in the Gov eminent for one'reason; and, that reason removed, the next Congress may exclude , it for another. One State may be exclu ded on one ground to-day, and another may bsaexcluded on the opposite ground to-morrow. Northern ascendancy may exclude Southern States from one Con gress—the ascendancy of Western or of Southern interests, or of both combined, may exclude the Northern or the East ern States from the next. Improbable as such usurpatious may seem, the estab lishment of the principle now asserted and acted upon by Congress, will render them by no means impossible. The char acter, indeed the very , existence of Con gress and the Union Is made dependent solely and entirely upon the party and sectional exigencies or forbearance of the hour. We need not stop to show that such ac tion not only finds no warrant in the Constitution, het is at war with every principle of our Government, and with the very existence of free institutions. It is, indeed, the identical practice which has rendered fruitless all attempts hith to to establish and maintain free govern ments in Mexico and the States of South America. Party necessities assert them selves as superior to the fundamental law, which is set aside in reckless obedi ence to their behests. Stability, whether lusthe exercise of power, in the adminis tration of government, or in the enjoy ment of rights, becomes Impossible.; and" the conflicts of party, whieh, under OM stitutional governments, are the eondi lioWl and 41440W1 of PoWtool foolliVOls, art POLITICAL RESULTS OF THE WAR In the next place, we call upon you to recognize, in their full significance, and to accept with all their legitimate conse quences, the political results of the war just cle§ed. In two most important par ticulars the victory achieved by the Na-', tional Government has been final end decisive. First, it has been established beyond all further controversy; and by the highest of all human sanctions, they absolute supremacy of the National Government, as defined and limited by the Constitution of the United States, and the permanent integrity and Indissolu bility of the Federal Union as a necessa ry consequence; and, second, it has put t an end finally and forever to the exist ence of slavery upon the soil or within the jurisdiction of the United States. Both these points became directly in , l volved in the contest, and controversy upon both was ended absolutely and finally by the result. FICERTS OF VICTORY In the third place, we deem it of the utmost importance that the real character of the war and the victory by which it was closed should be accurately under stood. The war was carried on by the Government of the United States in maintenance of its own authority and in defence of its own existence, both of which were menaced by the insurrection which it sought to suppress. The sup pression of that insurrection accomplished that result. The Government of the United States maintained by force of arms the supreme authority over all the territory, and over all the States and people within its jurisdiction which the Constitution confers upon it; but it ac quired thereby no new power, no en larged jurisdiction, no rights either of territorial possession or of civil authority which it did not possess before the re bellion broke out. All the rightful power it can ever possess is that which is con ferred upon it, either in express terms or by fair and necessary implication, by the Constitution of the United states. It was thatpo*er ainithat authority which rvb*Wqbb. o lotight to overthrow s 'O4 ,-- A- the victory of the Federal arms was sim ply the defeat of tat attempt. The Governmetlt of the 'United States acted throughout the war on the defen sive. It sought only to hold possession of what was already its own. Neither the war, nor the victory by which it was closed, changed in any way the Consti tution of the United States. The war was carried on by virtue of its provisions, and under the limitations which they prescribe, and the result of the war did not either enlarge, abridge, or in any way cintugo or LA N% the powers it confers upon the Federal Government, or release that Government front the restrictions which it has Ittinwted. The Constitution of the United States' Is to-day precisely as it was before the war, the "supreme law of the land, any thing in the constitution or laws of any State to the contrary notwithstanding . 11 and 1-o-day, also, precisely as before the war, all the powers dbt conferred by the Constitution upon the General Govern-1 ment, nor prohibited by_ it to the States, are "reserved to the several States, or to the people thereof." - This position is vindicated not only by the essential nature of our Government, and the language and spirit of the Con stitution, but by all the acts and language of our Government, in all its departments, and- at all times, from. the out break orthe rebellion to its final overthrow. , II 48TH YEAR.-NO. 48. ' merged In the conflicts of arms to which 1 they directly and inevitably tend. It was against this peril so conspicu ous and so fatal to all free governments that our Constitution was intended espe cially to provide. Not only the stability but the very existence of the Government ismade by its provisions to depend upon the right and the fact of representation. JUGHT OF REPRESENTATION' The Vongress, upon which is conferred all the legislative power of the National Government, eonsists of two branches, the Senate and House of Representatives, whose joint concurrence or assent is es sencial to the validity of any law. Of these the House of Representatives, says the Constitution, (article 1, section 2) "shall be composed of members chosen every second year by the people•of the several States." Not only is the right of I representation thus recognized as pos sessed by all the States and by every State without restriction, qualification or condition of any kind, but the duty of choosing representatives is imposed upon the people of each and every 'State alike,. without distinction, or the authority to make distinctions among them, for any reason, or upon any groan& whatever. I And In the Senate, so careful is the Con stitution to secure to every State this right of representation, it is expressly . provided that "no State, shall, without Its consent, be deprived of Its equal suf frage" in that body, even by an amend ment of the Constitution Itself. When, therefore, any State is excluded from such representation, not only is a right of the State denied, but the consti tutional integrity of the Senate is im paired, and the validity of the Govern ment itself is brought iii question. But Congress at the present moment thus excludes from representation, in both brancires of Congress, ten 'States of the Union, denying them all share in the. enactment of laws by which they are to be governed, and all participation in the election of the rulers by which those .laws are to be enforced. In other words, a Congress in which Only twenty-six States are represented, asserts thp right to govern, absolutely and in its own dis cretion, all the thirtrsix States which compose. the Union—to make their Jaws and choose their rulers, and to exclude the other ten from all share in their own Government until is sees lit to admit them thereto. What is there to distin guish the power thus - assefted and exer cised from the most absolute and intoler able tyranny? PRIVILEGE OF CITIZENSHIP RESTORED Nor do these extravagant and unfust claims on the part of Congress to powers and authority never conferred upon the Goverunient by the Constitution, -find any warrant in the arguments or excuses urged on their behalf. It is.alleged : hirst, That these States, by the act of rebellion and by voluntarily withdraw ing their members from Congress, for feited their right of representation, and I that they can only receive it again at the hands of the supreme legislative author ity of the Government, on its own terms and its own discretion. If representa tMn in Congress and participation in the (1. - ivernment were simply privileges conferred and held by favor, this state ment might have the-merit of plausibili ty. But representation is, under the Con: titution, not only expressly recog nized as a right, but it is imposed as a duty; and it is essential in both aspects 'to the existence of the Government and to the maintenance °flits authority. In free governments fundamental and es sential rights cannot be forfeited, except against individuals, by due process of law; nor can constitutional duties and obligations be laid aside. The enjoyment of rights may be for a time auspended by the failure to claim them, and duties may be evaded by the refusal to perform them. The withdrawal of their mem bers from Congress by the States which resisted the General Government, was one of the means and agencies by which they sought to impair the authority and defeat the action of the Government, and that act was annulled and rendered void when the insurrection itself was- sup press-ed. Neither the right of representation nor the duty to be represented was in the least impaired by the fact of insurrection; but it may have been, that by reason Mb the insurrection the eimditions on which the enioynnlnt of that right:and the per formance of that duty for the time de pended could not -be fulfilled. Thit was, in fact, the case. An insurgent power, in the exercise of usurped and unlawful authority in the territory under Its con trol, had prohibited that allegiance to the Constitution and laws of the United States which is made by that fundamen— tal law the essential donditiou of repre sentation in its government. No man within the insurgent - States was allowed to take the oath to support the Constitu tion of the United States, and, as a necessary consequence, no man could lawfully represent these States In the counells of the Union. But this was only an obstacle to the enjoyment of the right and to the discharge of a duty ; It did not annul the one nor abrogate the other; and it ceased to exist when the usurpa tion by which it was created had been overthrown, and the States had again re- stoned their allegiance to the Constitu tion and laws of the United Status. TILE 'REBELLION AN iNSURRECTION Second. But It is asserted, in support of the authority claimed by the Congress now in possession of power, that it flows directly front, the laws of war; that ft le among the rights which victorious war always confers upon the conquerors, and whicli the conqueror may exercise or waive in his own discretion. To this We reply that the laws in question relate Solely, so far ass the rights they confer are concerned, to. wars waged between alien and independent nations, and can have no place or force, in this regard, in a war waged by a government to sup press an insurrection of its own people, noon its own soil, against its authority. It we had carried on suecessful war against any foreign nation, we might thereby have acquired yissoision and jurisdiction of their soil, with the right to enforce our laws upon their people and to impose upon them such laws and such obligations as we might choose. But we had before the war complete jurisdiction over the soil of the Southern States, lim ited only by our own Constitution. Our laws were the only national laws in force upon it. The Government of the United States Was the only government through which those States and their people had relations with foreign nations, and its flag was the only flag by which they were recognized or known anywhere on the face of the earth. In all these respects, and in all other respects involving national Interests and rights, our pos.ession was perfect mid complete. It did not need to be acquired, but only to be maintained; and victori ous war against the rebellion could do nothing more than maintain it. Itcould only vindicate and re-establish the dis puted supremacy of the Constitution.— It could neither enlarge nbr diminish the authority which that Constitution confetti upon the Government by which It was achieved. Such an enlargement or abridgement of constitutionul power can to elfected only by amendment of the Constitution itself, and such amendment aaa,be made only Ingle Modes wilickthe Constitution itself prescribes. The claim tittai tin iruppnwitat; of Nn iniurrysitipa against thtfiertruntent gins wildltiebil authority and power to that blarcra inent;:-especialit that it enlarges thejor risdiction of Commie and sleds flat body the right to exclude Matra froze represen tation in the national councils, without which the nation itself can have no au thority and no existence, seems to us at variance alike with the prieciplkw of the Constitution and with 'the public safety. WAY TO ADIEND THE OONSTITI7TION. Third. But it is alleged-that in certain► rartieu tars the Constitution of the United States faits to secure that absolute justice and impartial equality which the prin ciples of our Government require• that It was in these respects the result ofeom promises and coneemeieas, to which how ever necessary wht•n the Constitution was formed, we are no ex/Impelled to submit and that now, having the power through successful war and Just waresot for its exercise in the hostile ,conduct of the insurgent sect ion. the actual govern ment of the United Statoi may Impose its own conditions, and make theConsti- Lotion conform In all its provisions to its own ideas of equality and the rights of 'man. Congress at Its last session pro posed amendments to the Constitution, enlarging in some very important portico. tilers the authority of the General Gov ernment over that of the several States, mind reducing, by Indirect Ilisfranehlse 'inent, the representative power of the , States In which slavery formerly existed; and it is claimed that these amendments may be made valid as parts of the original Constitution without the concurrent.° of the States to be most seriously affected by them, or may be imposed upon those States by three-fourths of the remaining States, as conditions of their readmission to representation in Congress and in the P.:lectaral College. PULL CONCURRENCE OP THE STATES RE, QUIMITE,, It is the unquestionable right of the people of the United States to make such changes in the Constitution as they, up. .en due deliberation ' may deem eipedient. ]tut we insist that they shall be made In the mode which the constitution itself points out, in conformity with the letter and spirit of that instrument, and - with the principles of self-government and of equal rights which lie ut the basis of our republican institutions. We deny the right of Congress to make these changes in the fundamental taw, without the con. •urrence of three-fourths ofall the States, including esp , cially, those the most Seriously affected by them ; or to impose them upon States or people., as conditions of representation, or of , nitmls;tion to any §',f their rights, dutie3 or obligations Which belong under the Constitution to all the States alike. And with still great er emphasis do we deny the right of any portion of the States excluding the rest of the. States front any share in . their ounell4, to .prepose or sanction changes in the Constitution which are to affect permanently their political relations and control or coerce the legitimate action of the several members of the common LTuir dn. Such an exercise of power Is simply a Usurpation, just as unwarrantable when exercised by Northern States as it would lie if exercised by Southern, and not to lie fortified or palliated by. anything In ttie past history either of those by whom I is attempted or of those upon whoa rights and liberties it is to take etibet. It Ands no Wd rrat) t in-the Constitution. it is at war with the fiunhuneutal prinelples of our form of government. If tolerated in ono instance, it becomes the precedent, for future invasions of liberty and constis tntional right, dependent solely upon the Will of the party In, possession of power, and thus leads, by direct and necessary sequence, to the most fatal and Inrolern- Ide of all tyrannies—the tyranny of shift hig, and irresponsible political factious. It is against this, the most formidable of atl the dangers which menace the stilbil- Ity of tree government, that the Conititus tibu of the United States was Intended rnost carefully to provide. We demand a strict and steadfast adherence to Its provisions. In this, and in this alone, can we find a basis of perruaneut Culou niid peace. '.l LovAuri. oP Titnsor . rit UNQUEMONEOI. Fourth. But it is alleged, in justifica thip of the usurpation which we eon-. &min, that the condition of the Southeru States and people' is not such as render safe their readmission to a share in the Government of the country ; that they art: still disloyal In Aentimeat and pur peso, and that neither 'the honor, the, credit, nor the Interests of the within would be Weir they were readmitted to a share in Its councils, We might reply tothis:— 1. That we have no right, for such rea sons, to deny to ally portion of the State. or people rights expressly conferred upon. tlipm by the Constitution of the piilted States. 2. That so long as their acts are those of loyMty—so long 'as .they conform ha air their public conduct to the require ments of the Constitution and laws—lVV have no right to exact from, them con formity in theirsentiments and opirilono to our own. 3. That we have no right to distrust tho purpose or the ability of the people of thy Union to protect and defend, under all colitingeneies, and by whatever means_ may be required, ita honor and its wel fare. These would, in our judgment, he full and conclusive answers to the plea thus advailved for the exclusion of these States from the Union. But we any further, that this plea rests upon a complete miss apprehension or an unjust perversion of existing P ITS I' EACEA lILENESS. Ve do not hesltate to affirm, that there is tin section of the tountry where the Constitution and laws of the n ited Stater. find a More prompt and entire obedience than in those States, and among those peeple who were lately In arms against them, or where there Is J'eild purpose or d miger of any future attests pt to overthrow authority. It would seem to be both nat ural and inevitable that, in States and se ions so recently swept by the whirl wihd of war, where all the ordinary nudes and methods of organized industry have been broken up, alld the bonds slut influences that guarantee social order have been destroyed ; where thousand. mate:is of than-mad:4 of turbulentsplrits have been suddenly loosed from the'dls cipline of war, and thrown, without re sources or restraint, upon a disorganized and chaotic FOCietrY, and where the keen sense of defeat is added to the overthrow of ambition and hope, seenes of viehnico should defy for a time the imperfect dis cipline of law, an I ,vicite anew the fears and forebodings 4:,the patriotic and well disposed. It is unquestionably true that !peal die. ttirbanees of this kind accompanied' by more or less of violence, do still occur. But they arc eonfinetleutirelytothecities and larger towns of the Southern State 4, where different races and interests are brou4ht most closely in eontact4, old where passions tlild resentments axe al ways most easily ftsi and fanned ban ouauvaks ; and even there they are quite as much the frail of untimely and hurts rul political agitation as of any hostility on the part of the p. , ople to We authority of the National ti.ivermuent. • " AI)IIk.'SION TO TliE But the concurr,.nt testimony of thou best acquainted with the condition of so ciety and the attic ofpahlie sentlthent la the itiouth—including that of its represen tatives In this Convention--establlshes the fact that the great mass of the South. ern people accept, with as full and idneern submission as do the people of the other states, the re-establishedsu preinacy of O.' National authority, and are prepare], hi" the most loyal spirit, and with Keel! '• quickened alike by their Interest andihelr t ' pride, to co-operate with other Stikteinana' '-' seottcom in whatever may' be neellott . 15a L ,, defend the rights, meant& it the' hip ;i t I" 'alid ^premoto th e wollat, of coat Oditt ;;• , •'t eouttlry. ''• ; .4 : . 1 latory offer& no instance wheys 41 pouolo, 'eo powerful lit iiaail.,+r+, rM , v ••,*^''!".:'*"•_!., 0
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